vu case study report

Case report
Open access
Published: 08 December 2014

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Christine E Wells 1 ,
Chris JA Moulin 2 ,
Paige Ethridge 3 ,
Nathan A Illman 4 ,
Emma Davies 5 &
Adam Zeman 6

Journal of Medical Case Reports volume 8 , Article number: 414 ( 2014 ) Cite this article

52k Accesses

5 Citations

187 Altmetric

Metrics details

Introduction

Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.

Case presentation

A 23-year-old White British man presented with a form of persistent déjà vu in 2010, approximately 3 years since symptom onset. He reported a history of anxiety and experiencing feelings of depersonalisation. Neurological assessment (electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging) did not indicate any abnormalities. We assessed his recognition memory with a task used in patients with dementia who report similar experiences but lack awareness of their falseness.

Conclusions

Our case’s memory performance was more conservative than controls but did not indicate a memory deficit. Unlike other patients with chronic déjà vu (for example, in dementia), he is fully aware of the false nature of his déjà vu and this presumably leads to his intact recognition memory performance. We suggest that his persistent déjà vu is psychogenic and conclude that déjà vu should be further studied in psychiatric disorders.

Peer Review reports

Déjà vu is typically a transitory mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Much of the scientific literature has studied déjà vu in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) as part of simple partial seizures [ 1 ]. Recent research has shown that déjà vu experiences are of comparable phenomenology and intensity in TLE [ 2 ]. In both participants with epilepsy and participants who are healthy, déjà vu might be thought of as a short-lived neurological event which leads to a disruption of recognition memory, whereby the sensations of memory retrieval become dissociated from memory retrieval itself: the decoupled familiarity hypothesis [ 1 ].

Less is known about recognition memory and déjà vu in other clinical populations, but there has been some exploration of the comparative prevalence of déjà vu in patients with epilepsy compared with affective disorders [ 3 ] and phobic anxiety–depersonalisation syndrome [ 4 ]. Both of these reports indicate that these groups report similar frequencies of déjà vu episodes when compared to patients with TLE. A recent review of TLE has called for further exploration of the link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, and suggested that further research is required to determine the nature of this relationship [ 1 ]. Here we discuss a case of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. There has been little consideration in the literature of psychogenic déjà vu: that is cases where the cause of the déjà vu seems to be psychological in nature (in this case probably the result of an anxiety disorder) [ 5 ].

We present the case of a 23-year-old White British man who presented with persistent déjà vu in 2010. He reported experiencing these symptoms since early 2007 shortly after starting university. He had a history of feeling anxious, particularly in relation to contamination, which led him to wash his hands very frequently and to shower two to three times per day, and his anxiety worsened around the time he began university. Anxiety and low mood led him to take a break from university, and he then began experiencing déjà vu. His recollection of these early episodes was that they would last for minutes, but could also be extremely prolonged. For example, while on holiday in a destination that he had previously visited he reported feeling as though he had become ‘trapped in a time loop’. He reported finding these experiences very frightening.

He returned to university in 2007 and he described the déjà vu episodes as becoming more intense. He took lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) once, and from then on the déjà vu was fairly continuous. In 2008 he was referred to specialists for neurological examination. Routine electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging were performed at a centre with experience in the diagnosis of epilepsy and were both normal. He was given a psychiatric diagnosis of depersonalisation and treated with a range of medications. His Dissociative Events Scale score (35.36) was abnormal (cut off =30) at the time of conducting the recognition memory task (October 2009).

He was assessed by AZ in 2010, at which point his persistent déjà vu caused him to avoid watching television and listening to the radio, as well as reading papers and magazines, as he felt he had already encountered the content before. His neurological examination was normal. At the time of assessment he reported a chronically low mood and felt anxious much of the time, although his compulsive behaviours were not a problem. There was a family history of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) on his paternal and possibly maternal side. Summary scores from his neuropsychological evaluation are presented in Table 1 . His performance on the National Adult Reading Test was not dissimilar to that of controls, and his performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale estimated his intelligence quotient as 112.

In October 2009 we assessed his performance on a recognition memory task previously used with patients who report similar persistent déjà vu experiences/recollective confabulation (see [ 6 ], Experiment 3 for methodology). A comparison group of 11 male undergraduates conducted the same memory task (see Table 1 for sample characteristics). The control group were within the normal range for depression and stress as measured by the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, DASS-21, but were defined as having mild anxiety: note, lower cut-off is 7. They were also asked whether they had heard of déjà vu, frequency of déjà vu in the last month, and whether it impacted on their daily life. Eight controls had heard of déjà vu, one had not and two did not answer. Of the eight who had heard of déjà vu, only three had experienced it in the past month: two, three and 12 times. Of interest, the participant who reported approximately 12 déjà vu experiences within the past month scored highly on all subscales of the DASS, and his anxiety score was rated ‘extremely severe’, although he did not report that déjà vu impacted on his daily life. In short, the procedure for the memory task is as follows: participants study 30 words for an immediate test. They are then read a list of 60 words (30 studied words and 30 foils) and report whether each word is old or new. If classified as old, they report whether they remember it (can justify how they encountered it), find it familiar (they feel they have encountered it but cannot justify) or are guessing. We have previously demonstrated in dementia that people with persistent déjà vu-like experiences make very high levels of false positives (FPs), identifying new words as previously seen [ 6 ]. We have linked this deficit to a subtype of déjà vu, a disorder in the subjective experience of memory, as identified in the reports of ‘remembering’ and familiarity, which we termed déjà vecu. Déjà vecu is a particularly strong sensation of ‘re-living’ the present moment; it was this type of experience of which our case complained: rather than simply the unsettling feelings of familiarity which are normally associated with déjà vu, he complained that it felt like he was actually retrieving previous experiences from memory, not just finding them familiar.

Performance on the task is summarised in Table 1 . Contrary to our expectations, our case made no FPs. Recognition memory was measured across all items and for all subjective states using a discrimination index, where FPs are subtracted from hits. His performance suggests he does not have a memory deficit, but his conservative performance (relatively low number of remember hits compared to controls and no guesses) suggests that he may be less confident in his memory ability than controls.

There is little scientific literature on any relationship between clinical levels of anxiety and déjà vu. Our case experienced high levels of anxiety and derealisation, and had a family history of OCD. There is no clear evidence in support of a neurological basis for his déjà vu, although we acknowledge that it is difficult to exclude this possibility absolutely and therefore do so with caution. A recent paper [ 7 ] reported the case of a 13-year-old girl who presented with persistent déjà vu but no clear symptoms of epilepsy. Detailed neurological examinations (EEG video monitoring) revealed the déjà vu feelings were auras associated with TLE seizures. This further supports the need for detailed investigations of patients presenting with what appears to be psychogenic déjà vu in order to rule out underlying neurological causes.

In contrast to patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, our patient did not show an elevated level of FPs in his recognition memory. Critically, in comparison to these cases, he is fully aware of the false nature of his déjà vu experiences, and it is this awareness which presumably leads to the intact memory performance on the recognition memory test. Since he is metacognitively competent, he is not seduced by the feelings of false familiarity in his memory performance, even though he reported experiencing déjà vu during testing. Instead his performance appears to reflect a conservative strategy, perhaps arising from an appropriate mistrust of and reduced confidence in his memory abilities.

Whereas previous cases with déjà vu due to MCI and dementia have largely been anosognosic, our case is aware of the abnormal familiarity in his memory, and is in fact greatly distressed by it. This suggests two dimensions along which déjà vu experiences can vary: awareness and distress. In this psychogenic case, our patient is similarly aware of the unreality of his experiences and they are constantly accompanied or caused by pathological levels of anxiety. In TLE, déjà vu is also interpreted as a memory error, and the epilepsy does not produce anosognosia. Déjà vu experiences are frequently distressing to patients with TLE, but in established cases the explanation for the experience is known (abnormal firing in the temporal lobe). In relation to our case, distress caused by the déjà vu experience may itself lead to increased levels of déjà vu: similar feedback loops in positive symptoms are reported in other anxiety states (e.g. panic attacks [ 8 ]).

It is plausible on neurobiological grounds that anxiety might lead to the generation of déjà vu. The hippocampal formation, a structure of central importance in declarative memory and the ability to engage in recollection, is also implicated in anxiety as part of the septo-hippocampal system [ 9 ]. Although this report does not prove a link between anxiety and déjà vu, it does further support the suggestion that this area is worthy of further investigation.

In sum, we have reported the case of a 23-year-old man who appears to display a form of psychogenic déjà vu, without a gross impairment of memory, without epileptic features and without producing high levels of FPs on a memory task that has revealed abnormal processes in patients with persistent déjà vu and neurodegenerative disorder. He reports high levels of anxiety, probably both contributing to and resulting from his frequent experience of déjà vu. This case study contributes to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu, and highlights the need for further investigation of the occurrence of déjà vu in psychiatric disorders.

Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor-in-Chief of this journal.

Abbreviations

Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales

Electroencephalogram

False positives

Lysergic acid diethylamide

Mild cognitive impairment

Obsessive compulsive disorder

Temporal lobe epilepsy.

Illman NA, Butler CR, Souchay C, Moulin CJA: Déjà experiences in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2012, 2012: Epub 2012 Mar 20

Google Scholar

Warren-Gash C, Zeman A: Is there anything distinctive about epileptic déjà vu?. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2014, 85: 143-147. 10.1136/jnnp-2012-303520.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Silberman EK, Post RM, Nurnberger J, Theodore W, Boulenger J-P: Sensory, cognitive and affective phenomena in affective illness: comparison with partial epilepsy. Br J Psychiatry. 1985, 146: 81-89. 10.1192/bjp.146.1.81.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Harper M, Roth M: Temporal lobe epilepsy and the phobic anxiety-depersonalisation syndrome. Part I. A Comparative Study. Compr Psychiatry. 1962, 3: 129-151. 10.1016/S0010-440X(62)80009-1.

Sno HN, Draaisma D: An early Dutch study of déjà vu experiences. Psychol Med. 1993, 23: 17-26. 10.1017/S0033291700038812.

Moulin CJA, Conway MA, Thompson RG, James N, Jones RW: Disordered memory awareness: recollective confabulation in two cases of persistent déjà vecu. Neuropsychologia. 2005, 43: 1362-1378. 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.12.008.

Akgül S, Öksüz-Kanbur N, Turan G: Persistent déjà vu associated with temporal lobe epilepsy in an adolescent. Turk J Pediatr. 2013, 55: 552-554.

PubMed Google Scholar

Pauli P, Marquardt C, Hartl L, Nutzinger DO, Hölzl R, Strian F: Anxiety induced by cardiac perceptions in patients with panic attacks: a field study. Behav Res Ther. 1991, 29: 137-145. 10.1016/0005-7967(91)90042-2.

Gray JA, McNaughton N: The Neuropsychology of Anxiety: An Enquiry into the Functions of the Septo-Hippocampal System. 2000, Oxford: Oxford University Press

Download references

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge funding from the University of Leeds (PhD scholarship awarded to NAI) and an Experimental Psychology Society summer studentship (awarded to ED).

Author information

Authors and affiliations.

Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, SD10 2BQ, UK

Christine E Wells

Université de Bourgogne, LEAD - CNRS UMR 5022, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, DIJON, 21000, France

Chris JA Moulin

University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada

Paige Ethridge

Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK

Nathan A Illman

Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK

Emma Davies

University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX11 1LU, UK

You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine E Wells .

Additional information

Competing interests.

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

CW supervised collection of and analysed the control data and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. CJAM and NAI conducted the neuropsychological testing with our patient and CJAM was a major contributor to the data analysis and writing the manuscript. PE and ED collected the data from the control participants. AZ conducted the initial assessment of our patient and was a major contributor in writing the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Rights and permissions

This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article.

Wells, C.E., Moulin, C.J., Ethridge, P. et al. Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report. J Med Case Reports 8 , 414 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

Download citation

Received : 18 June 2014

Accepted : 23 October 2014

Published : 08 December 2014

DOI : https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

Share this article

Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content:

Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article.

Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative

Recognition memory

Journal of Medical Case Reports

ISSN: 1752-1947

Submission enquiries: Access here and click Contact Us
General enquiries: [email protected]

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Affiliation.

1 Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield SD10 2BQ, UK. [email protected].
PMID: 25482434
PMCID: PMC4295571
DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

Introduction: Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.

Case presentation: A 23-year-old White British man presented with a form of persistent déjà vu in 2010, approximately 3 years since symptom onset. He reported a history of anxiety and experiencing feelings of depersonalisation. Neurological assessment (electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging) did not indicate any abnormalities. We assessed his recognition memory with a task used in patients with dementia who report similar experiences but lack awareness of their falseness.

Conclusions: Our case's memory performance was more conservative than controls but did not indicate a memory deficit. Unlike other patients with chronic déjà vu (for example, in dementia), he is fully aware of the false nature of his déjà vu and this presumably leads to his intact recognition memory performance. We suggest that his persistent déjà vu is psychogenic and conclude that déjà vu should be further studied in psychiatric disorders.

Publication types

Case Reports
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Anxiety / psychology*
Case-Control Studies
Deja Vu / psychology*
Depersonalization / psychology
Neuropsychological Tests
Recognition, Psychology*
Young Adult

Europe PMC requires Javascript to function effectively.

Either your web browser doesn't support Javascript or it is currently turned off. In the latter case, please turn on Javascript support in your web browser and reload this page.

Search life-sciences literature (44,023,080 articles, preprints and more)

Free full text
Citations & impact
Similar Articles

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report.

Author information, affiliations, orcids linked to this article.

Moulin CJ | 0000-0001-9784-4362
Zeman A | 0000-0003-4875-658X

Journal of Medical Case Reports , 08 Dec 2014 , 8: 414 https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-8-414 PMID: 25482434 PMCID: PMC4295571

Abstract

Introduction
Case presentation
Conclusions

Free full text

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Christine e wells.

Department of Psychology, Sociology and Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, SD10 2BQ UK

Chris JA Moulin

Université de Bourgogne, LEAD - CNRS UMR 5022, Pôle AAFE, 11 Esplanade Erasme, 21000 DIJON, France

Paige Ethridge

University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St, London, ON N6A 3K7 Canada

Nathan A Illman

Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, WC2R 2LS UK

Emma Davies

Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK

University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke’s Campus, Exeter, EX11 1LU UK

Patient and control group characteristics

Abbreviations: CAPS Cardiff Anomalous Perception Scale, DASS-21 Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales, DES Dissociative Experiences Scale, MOCI Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, NART National Adult Reading Test, Years of Education (Yrs Edu).

Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge funding from the University of Leeds (PhD scholarship awarded to NAI) and an Experimental Psychology Society summer studentship (awarded to ED).

Abbreviations

Competing interests

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Authors’ contributions

Contributor Information

Christine E Wells, Email: [email protected] .

Chris JA Moulin, Email: [email protected] .

Paige Ethridge, Email: ac.owu@gdirhtep .

Nathan A Illman, Email: [email protected] .

Emma Davies, Email: ku.ca.sdeel@de01sp .

Adam Zeman, Email: [email protected] .

Full text links

Read article at publisher's site: https://doi.org/10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

Citations & impact

Impact metrics, citations of article over time, alternative metrics.

Altmetric item for https://www.altmetric.com/details/2965401

Smart citations by scite.ai Smart citations by scite.ai include citation statements extracted from the full text of the citing article. The number of the statements may be higher than the number of citations provided by EuropePMC if one paper cites another multiple times or lower if scite has not yet processed some of the citing articles. Explore citation contexts and check if this article has been supported or disputed. https://scite.ai/reports/10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

Article citations, entropy, amnesia, and abnormal déjà experiences..

Front Psychol , 13:794683, 27 Jul 2022

Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 35967717 | PMCID: PMC9364811

Déjà vu experiences in anxiety.

Wells CE , O'Connor AR , Moulin CJA

Memory , 29(7):895-903, 01 Nov 2018

Cited by: 0 articles | PMID: 30384798

Overcoming familiarity illusions in a single case with persistent déjà vu.

Ernst A , Delrue G , Willems S

Memory , 29(7):869-883, 23 Aug 2018

Cited by: 1 article | PMID: 30136891

Déjà vu in unilateral temporal-lobe epilepsy is associated with selective familiarity impairments on experimental tasks of recognition memory.

Martin CB , Mirsattari SM , Pruessner JC , Pietrantonio S , Burneo JG , Hayman-Abello B , Köhler S

Neuropsychologia , 50(13):2981-2991, 27 Jul 2012

Cited by: 21 articles | PMID: 22841992

Many Faces of Déjà Vu: a Narrative Review.

Bošnjak Pašić M , Horvat Velić E , Fotak L , Pašić H , Srkalović Imširagić A , Milat D , Šarac H , Bjedov S , Petelin GadŽe Ž

Psychiatr Danub , 30(1):21-25, 01 Mar 2018

Cited by: 2 articles | PMID: 29546854

The persistence of erroneous familiarity in an epileptic male: challenging perceptual theories of déjà vu activation.

O'Connor AR , Moulin CJ

Brain Cogn , 68(2):144-147, 28 Apr 2008

Cited by: 10 articles | PMID: 18440689

Is there anything distinctive about epileptic deja vu?

Warren-Gash C , Zeman A

J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , 85(2):143-147, 11 Jan 2013

Cited by: 17 articles | PMID: 23315620

Deja vu in neurology.

J Neurol , 252(1):1-7, 01 Jan 2005

Cited by: 8 articles | PMID: 15654548

Europe PMC is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

Help & FAQ

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Research output : Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

INTRODUCTION: Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old White British man presented with a form of persistent déjà vu in 2010, approximately 3 years since symptom onset. He reported a history of anxiety and experiencing feelings of depersonalisation. Neurological assessment (electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging) did not indicate any abnormalities. We assessed his recognition memory with a task used in patients with dementia who report similar experiences but lack awareness of their falseness.

CONCLUSIONS: Our case's memory performance was more conservative than controls but did not indicate a memory deficit. Unlike other patients with chronic déjà vu (for example, in dementia), he is fully aware of the false nature of his déjà vu and this presumably leads to his intact recognition memory performance. We suggest that his persistent déjà vu is psychogenic and conclude that déjà vu should be further studied in psychiatric disorders.

Case-Control Studies
Depersonalization
Neuropsychological Tests
Recognition (Psychology)
Young Adult
Case Reports
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Access to Document

10.1186/1752-1947-8-414 Licence: CC BY

Fingerprint

Anxiety Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
Depersonalization Medicine & Life Sciences 95%
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Medicine & Life Sciences 81%
Memory Medicine & Life Sciences 76%
Psychology Recognition Medicine & Life Sciences 61%
Dementia Medicine & Life Sciences 58%
Partial Epilepsy Medicine & Life Sciences 40%
Memory Disorders Medicine & Life Sciences 36%

T1 - Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

AU - Wells, Christine E

AU - Moulin, Chris J A

AU - Ethridge, Paige

AU - Illman, Nathan A

AU - Davies, Emma

AU - Zeman, Adam

PY - 2014/12/8

Y1 - 2014/12/8

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old White British man presented with a form of persistent déjà vu in 2010, approximately 3 years since symptom onset. He reported a history of anxiety and experiencing feelings of depersonalisation. Neurological assessment (electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging) did not indicate any abnormalities. We assessed his recognition memory with a task used in patients with dementia who report similar experiences but lack awareness of their falseness.CONCLUSIONS: Our case's memory performance was more conservative than controls but did not indicate a memory deficit. Unlike other patients with chronic déjà vu (for example, in dementia), he is fully aware of the false nature of his déjà vu and this presumably leads to his intact recognition memory performance. We suggest that his persistent déjà vu is psychogenic and conclude that déjà vu should be further studied in psychiatric disorders.

AB - INTRODUCTION: Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old White British man presented with a form of persistent déjà vu in 2010, approximately 3 years since symptom onset. He reported a history of anxiety and experiencing feelings of depersonalisation. Neurological assessment (electroencephalogram and magnetic resonance imaging) did not indicate any abnormalities. We assessed his recognition memory with a task used in patients with dementia who report similar experiences but lack awareness of their falseness.CONCLUSIONS: Our case's memory performance was more conservative than controls but did not indicate a memory deficit. Unlike other patients with chronic déjà vu (for example, in dementia), he is fully aware of the false nature of his déjà vu and this presumably leads to his intact recognition memory performance. We suggest that his persistent déjà vu is psychogenic and conclude that déjà vu should be further studied in psychiatric disorders.

KW - Anxiety

KW - Case-Control Studies

KW - Deja Vu

KW - Depersonalization

KW - Humans

KW - Neuropsychological Tests

KW - Recognition (Psychology)

KW - Young Adult

KW - Case Reports

KW - Journal Article

KW - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

U2 - 10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

DO - 10.1186/1752-1947-8-414

M3 - Article

C2 - 25482434

SN - 1752-1947

JO - Journal of medical case reports

JF - Journal of medical case reports

Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer.

To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser .

Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link.

We're Hiring!
Help Center

Deja vu case report

Related Papers

Alexander Chervyakov

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior

Umberto Aguglia

Dèjà-vù (DV) can occur as a seizure of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) and in almost 80% of healthy individuals. The remarkable similarity between epileptic DV and DV in healthy individuals raises the possibility that DV might sometimes be an ictal phenomenon in apparently normal individuals. Thus, we studied a group of healthy subjects versus individuals with benign MTLE (bMTLE) both experiencing DV. 63 individuals with epilepsy patients with bMTLE and 39 healthy controls at Catanzaro University were recruited. Participants completed the Inventory for Déjà Vu (DV) Experiences Assessment (IDEA) test, underwent awake and asleep electroencephalogram, MRI of the brain using a 3T scanner and whole brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM). bMTLE patients with DV and without DV were also matched for the presence of hippocampal sclerosis. Our controls had no history of neurological or psychiatric illness, epilepsy or history of febrile convulsions. Neurological and cognitive examinations w...

Epilepsy & Behavior

Hennric Jokeit

Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry

Vernon Neppe

Tomas Kasparek

Fabrice Bartolomei

To contribute to the identification of brain regions involved in déjà-vu, we studied the metabolic pattern of cortical involvement in patients with seizures of temporal lobe origin presenting with or without déjà-vu. Using voxel-based analysis of 18FDG-PET brain scans, we compared glucose metabolic rate of 8 patients with déjà-vu, 8 patients without déjà-vu, and 20 age-matched healthy subjects. Patients were selected after comprehensive non-invasive presurgical evaluation, including normal brain MRI and surface electroclinical features compatible with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Patients with and without déjà-vu did not differ in terms of age, gender, epilepsy lateralization, epilepsy onset, epilepsy duration, and other subjective ictal manifestations. TLE patients with déjà-vu exhibited ipsilateral hypometabolism of superior temporal gyrus and of parahippocampal region, in the vicinity of perirhinal/entorhinal cortex, in comparison either to healthy subjects or to TLE patients without déjà-vu (p < 0.05 FDR-corrected). By contrast, no difference was found between patient subgroups for hypometabolism of hippocampus and amygdala. At an individual-level, in comparison to healthy subjects , hypometabolism of both parahippocampal region and superior temporal gyrus was present in 7/8 patients with déjà-vu. Hippocampal metabolism was spared in 3 of these 7 patients. These findings argue for metabolic dysfunction of a medial–lateral temporal network in patients with déjà-vu and normal brain MRI. Within the medial temporal lobe, specific involvement of the parahip-pocampal region, often in the absence of hippocampal impairment, suggests that the feeling of familiarity during seizures greatly depends on alteration of the recognition memory system.

Psychiatria Danubina

Goran Pavliša

The phenomenon of déjà vu is caused by acute disturbance of mnemonic systems of the medial temporal lobe (MTL). In epileptic patients investigated with intracerebral electrodes, déjà vu can be more readily induced by stimulation of the rhinal cortices than the hippocampus. This study is the first to report the signal correlations of intracerebral EEG signals between MTL structures during déjà vu, demonstrating large collaboration between these brain structures. a b s t r a c t Objective: The phenomenon of 'déjà vu' is caused by acute disturbance of mnemonic systems of the med-ial temporal lobe (MTL). In epileptic patients investigated with intracerebral electrodes, déjà vu can be more readily induced by stimulation of the rhinal cortices (RCs) than the hippocampus (H). Whether déjà vu results from acute dysfunction of the familiarity system alone (sustained by RC) or from more extensive involvement of the MTL region (including H) is debatable. Methods: We analysed the synchronisation of intracerebral electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded from RC, H and amygdala (A) in epileptic patients in whom déjà vu was induced by electrical stimulation. EEG signal correlations (between signals from RC, A and H) were evaluated using a nonlinear regression. Results: In comparison with RC stimulations that did not lead to déjà vu (DVÀ), stimulations triggering déjà vu (DV+) were associated with increased broadband EEG correlation (p = 0.01). Changes in correlations were significantly different in the theta band for RC–A (p = 0.007) and RC–H (p = 0.01) and in the beta band for RC–H (p = 0.001) interactions. Conclusion: Déjà vu is associated with increased EEG signal correlation between MTL structures. Significance: Results are in favour of a mechanism involving transient cooperation between various MTL structures, not limited to RC alone.

Behavioural Neurology

A déjà vu experience is a dissociative phenomenon, which can be characterized as a subjectively inappropriate impression of familiarity of the present with an undefined past. This paper reviews empirical studies on déjà vu experiences and summarizes the most salient findings. Overall, the findings appear to be inconsistent and inconclusive. The authors conclude that the available empirical research is of limited significance due to various methodological and conceptual issues. In order to evaluate the clinical psychiatric relevance of déjà vu experiences, further research which also addresses its qualitative features is warranted.

Arthur Funkhouser

RELATED PAPERS

fatiya syifa

Patrick Luke

JAMA Psychiatry

Antti Latvala

Yuksel Guvenilir

Voravate Tuntivate

Gaceta Sanitaria

Jairo Vanegas

Ronald Fischer

Journal of Crystal Growth

BOUBIE GUEL

Summa Phytopathologica

luiz poltronieri

Asian People Journal (APJ)

Proceeding of the 33rd international ACM SIGIR conference on Research and development in information retrieval - SIGIR '10

Cirugía y Cirujanos

Juan E. Sánchez Núñez

Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society

Masoud khaleghi Abbasabadi

Cynthia Lemere

Rina Hendrati

Scientific Reports

Md. Shaheb Ali

PEDRO LOPEZ LOPEZ

Bianca Ober

werfgcv nbfnf

Iliana Kasarska

Alexandra Amaro

Muhammad Rifansyah

hjhjgfg freghrf

International Comparison Program Update

Abdul Bello

Doñana Case Study Report

Institute for Environmental Studies
Environmental Economics
Chemistry and Biology

Research output : Book / Report › Report › Academic

Publication series

Persistent url (handle).

Copy link address

T1 - Doñana Case Study Report

AU - Brouwer, R.

AU - Martin Ortega, J.

AU - Aiking, H.

M3 - Report

T3 - REMEDE report

BT - Doñana Case Study Report

PB - European Union

CY - Brussels

Library Guides

Master of Business

Analysing case studies, master of business: analysing case studies.

Getting started
Journal Databases
Company Information
Industry Information
Statistics & Reports
Books & e-Books
Economic and Financial Data

What are Business Case Studies

The Case method, connecting theory to practice is used in a learning environment to enable students to problem solve a real life situation, coming up with possible solutions to a variety of issues. It uses the active learning approach where students work collaboratively, discussing the topic in class after critically reading the case study. Students must use their theoretical knowledge and analysis skills and experience to resolve the situation and find a path forward. They must justify and review each of their decisions and be responsible for the evaluation of why they offer the best resolution.

Follow the method when analysing a case study:

Read the case study through to get an overall understanding.
Read the case study a second time actively identifying the main people, the facts of the case, the organisations involved, and the data.

What are the main issues? Be careful to distinguish between the original problems and the symptoms . For example Australia’s export sales have dropped by 22.5% in the past 5 years due to barriers experienced by SMEs’ to develop the overseas market.*

Write down these ideas in preparation for your class discussion. It may be helpful to ask the who, why, where, how questions.
During class, it is important to question ideas and critically evaluate alternatives with other students.
What are some alternatives in terms of a possible course of action? Your readings, class discussions, lecture notes and theory from your unit will assist.
What are the pros and cons of each course of action? Evaluation is key.
You MUST make a recommendation and justify the choice made.
Include References https://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/harvard/casestudies

Resources for students via Emerald Case Studies

The Emerald Cases Hub has an online module ' L earning with case studies' specifically designed to teach students how to learn with the case study method . This shows you how to actively read and evaluate case studies. The content includes videos, questions and key points on:

How to prepare for a case study lesson,
How to establish facts from a case,
Establishing courses of action, and
Evaluating each course of action.

To access the online module, register in the Emerald Cases Hub using your VU email https://bit.ly/caseslearninghub . Once you have registered, click on 'Library' and choose the module 'Learning with case studies'.

Resources for staff for teaching Business Case Studies

The Emerald Cases Hub have a series of online courses designed to assist teaching staff. The courses help you use case studies to connect theoretical models with real-world business and management challenges. ' Teaching a case study' includes

Preparing to teach a case
Facilitating in the class room
Teaching cases online

To access online courses, register in the Emerald Cases Hub https://bit.ly/caseslearninghub . Use your VU email credentials when registering.

To access teaching notes contact [email protected]

SAGE Business Cases: Information for Instructors

Using cases in the class room.
Teaching notes - The majority of cases in Sage Business Cases provide teaching notes. Content includes suggested teaching strategies, discussion questions that can assist in facilitating classroom discussion, analysis of discussion questions, links, and further reading. To access teaching notes contact [email protected]

Case Study databases

Here are 2 case study databases and Business Source Complete, an aggregator database which has searchable case studies.

Emerald Case Studies
Sage Business Cases
Business Source Complete

For Teaching Notes or assistance with Case Studies:

[email protected]

<< Previous: Accounting
Next: Help >>
Last Updated: Mar 8, 2024 12:04 PM
URL: https://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/MASTERBUSINESS

The fishy death of Red Lobster

Endless Shrimp didn't sink the seafood chain. Wall Street did.

With the chain on the verge of bankruptcy, it has become abundantly clear that Red Lobster letting customers eat all the shrimp their hearts desire was not a great business idea . It's also not the reason the restaurant is in a deep financial mess .

In mid-April, Bloomberg reported the debt-laden seafood chain and home of beloved cheddar biscuits was considering filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Red Lobster is being bogged down by increased labor costs and expensive leases on its restaurants. Some observers were quick to blame the financial woes on its decision last year to make its "Endless Shrimp" promotion, which used to be an occasional, limited-time offering, permanent. The move was not a smart one. While Red Lobster increased traffic somewhat, people coming in to chow down on all-you-can-eat shrimp was a money bleeder. The company blamed Endless Shrimp for its $11 million losses in the third quarter of 2023, and in the fourth quarter, the picture got even worse, with the restaurant chain seeing $12.5 million in operating losses.

But the story about what's gone wrong with Red Lobster is much more complicated than a bunch of stoners pigging out on shrimp (and, later, lobster ) en masse. The brand has been plagued by various problems — waning customer interest, constant leadership turnover, and, as has become a common tale, private equity's meddling in the business.

"If anything, the Endless Shrimp deals are probably as much a symbol of just either desperation or poor management or both," Jonathan Maze, the editor in chief of Restaurant Business Magazine, said.

Red Lobster first opened in Lakeland, Florida, in 1968 and was acquired by the food conglomerate General Mills in 1970. General Mills then spun the chain off in 1995 along with the rest of its restaurant division, which also included Olive Garden, as Darden Restaurants. In 2014, amid flagging sales and pressure from investors, Darden sold Red Lobster for $2.1 billion to Golden Gate Capital, a San Francisco private-equity firm.

If anything, the Endless Shrimp deals are probably as much a symbol of just either desperation or poor management or both.

To raise enough cash to make the deal happen, Golden Gate sold off Red Lobster's real estate to another entity — in this case, a company called American Realty Capital Properties — and then immediately leased the restaurants back. The next year, Red Lobster bought back some sites, but many of its restaurants were suddenly strapped with added rent expenses. Even if Darden had kept Red Lobster, it's not clear it would have taken a different route: A press release from the time says it had contacted buyers to explore such a transaction. But in Maze's view, the sale of the real estate was sort of an original sin for Red Lobster's current troubles. He compared it to throwing out a spare parachute — chances are, you'll be OK, but if the first parachute fails, you're in deep trouble.

"The thing that private equity does is just unload assets and monetize assets. And so they effectively paid for the purchase of Red Lobster by selling the real estate," he said. "It'll probably be fine, generally, but there's going to come a time in which your sales fall, your profitability is challenged, and your debt looks too bad, and then suddenly those leases are going to look awfully ugly."

That time, according to recent reporting, is now. With struggling sales and operational losses, the leases are an added headache that is helping push the company to the brink, though bankruptcy may help Red Lobster get some wiggle room on them.

Eileen Appelbaum, a codirector of the Center for Economic and Policy Research, a progressive think tank, and a longtime private-equity critic, said in 2014 that private equity wouldn't be the solution to Red Lobster's ills. She isn't surprised about how this is all turning out.

"Once they sell the real estate, then the private-equity company is golden, and they've made their money back and probably more than what they paid," she said, noting that this was a common theme in other restaurants and retailers and adding: "The retail apocalypse is all about having your real estate sold out from under you so that you have to pay the rent in good times and in bad."

After the real estate move, Golden Gate sold 25% of the company in 2016 to Thai Union, a Thailand seafood company, for $575 million and unloaded the rest of the company to an investor group called the Seafood Alliance, of which Thai Union was a part, in 2020. Golden Gate likely came out ahead, but the same can't be said for Thai Union, which also controls the Chicken of the Sea brand. It is now looking to get out of its stake in Red Lobster and took a one-time charge of $530 million on its investment in the fourth quarter of last year. In 2021, Red Lobster refinanced its debt, with one of its new lenders being Fortress Investment Group, an investment-management group and private-equity firm. According to Bloomberg, it's one of the "key lenders" involved in debt negotiations now.

Beyond the pandemic-related troubles that hit restaurants across the country , analysts and experts say that Red Lobster's particular problems are attributable to a mix of poor brand positioning and unstable leadership. The seafood-restaurant business is a tough one in the US, and people who are hankering for lobster or fish are increasingly going to steak houses that offer those options, said Darren Tristano, the CEO and founder of Foodservice Results, a food-industry consultancy.

"What's truly happened with Red Lobster is that the consumer base has changed and Red Lobster hasn't," he said. "Red Lobster isn't losing to a competitor in their space — they're losing to competitors outside their space."

John Gordon, a restaurant analyst in San Diego, said Red Lobster had been on the decline for 20 years but that it didn't "fall on the knife" until Thai Union got it. "They were totally unprepared to hold a casual-dining restaurant," he said. Kim Lopdrup, Red Lobster's longtime CEO, retired in 2021, and since then, the restaurant hasn't had much in the way of stable leadership. His successor resigned after only a matter of months, and the role remained vacant for more than a year before someone else was appointed. He's left, too, and now Jonathan Tibus, an expert in restructuring, is at the helm.

"One of the problems is that Thai Union just had no credibility in terms of recruiting a new CEO," Gordon said.

Essentially, Red Lobster finds itself in a landscape where there just aren't a lot of bright spots. Add on the weight of the debt and lease obligations the company's private-equity owners saddled the brand with, and a turnaround becomes a gargantuan task.

"It's hard to blame leadership when you have a problem that is unsolvable — I mean, getting the consumer back in the door, increasing traffic. All-you-can-eat shrimp can only do so much," Tristano said.

Red Lobster did not respond to a request for comment for this story. Golden Gate declined to comment. Thai Union pointed to a press release about its intention to exit its investment and said it didn't wish to comment further.

One bad promotion should not doom a restaurant chain like that.

As to what drove Red Lobster to the edge, it's clear that despite not being a very good idea, the blame doesn't fall on Endless Shrimp. Years of changing tastes, tough industry conditions, and poor brand management all contributed to the chain's difficult position. But plenty of other restaurants have faced similar issues and aren't on the verge of bankruptcy. What separates Red Lobster is a decade of private-equity and investor tampering. Pinging from owner to owner makes it hard to settle on a turnaround vision. The company faces challenges that necessitate a long-term view that requires patience — the kind that the short-term-focused Wall Street often struggles to tackle. Whether Red Lobster can turn it around from here remains to be seen: Even if it files for bankruptcy protection, the chain may not disappear. Plenty of companies go bankrupt and keep on keeping on.

"You've got to at least be able to pay your bills, and what's happened over the last five years is the cost of operating a restaurant has taken off," Maze said. "One bad promotion should not doom a restaurant chain like that."

Emily Stewart is a senior correspondent at Business Insider, writing about business and the economy.

About Discourse Stories

Through our Discourse journalism, Business Insider seeks to explore and illuminate the day’s most fascinating issues and ideas. Our writers provide thought-provoking perspectives, informed by analysis, reporting, and expertise. Read more Discourse stories here .

College sports leaders in deep talks to settle NIL antitrust case vs. NCAA

Pete Thamel

Covers the Big Ten
Joined ESPN.com in 2014
Graduate of the University of Notre Dame

The leaders of college sports are involved in "deep discussions" to reach a legal settlement that would likely lay out the framework for sharing revenue with athletes in a future NCAA business model, sources told ESPN.

The NCAA and its power conferences are defendants in an antitrust class action lawsuit, House v. NCAA, which argues that the association is breaking federal law by placing any restrictions on how athletes make money from selling the rights to their name, image or likeness. The case is scheduled to go to court in January 2025. If the plaintiffs win at trial, the NCAA and its schools could be liable to pay more than $4 billion in damages, which has motivated many leaders across the industry to seek a settlement.

Sources indicated that a turning point in the discussions, which have been ongoing, came last week in the Dallas area, where the power conference commissioners, their general counsels, NCAA president Charlie Baker, NCAA lawyers and the plaintiffs' attorneys met. (They chose the Dallas area because they were already there for the College Football Playoff meetings, which were held in that area last week.)

While sources stressed that no deal is imminent, details about what a multibillion-dollar settlement could look like are expected to be shared with campuses in the near future. There are myriad variables to get to the finish line and still some obstacles and objections at the campus level, but sources indicate that progress has ramped up in recent weeks.

A settlement would provide some legal relief for a college sports industry that's been peppered by lawsuits. It could also serve as a keystone piece to formulating a more stable future. With the settlement expected to cost billions in back pay for former athletes, it would likely also require the NCAA and conferences to agree to a system for sharing more revenue with some of the players moving forward.

Sources indicated the top-end revenue share number per school -- once it's determined -- would be in the neighborhood of $20 million annually, although that's yet to be settled. Whatever number is set by the settlement, individual schools will be able to opt in to share revenue up to that number with their student athletes at their discretion. (They could choose to share less, but not more.)

Texas A&M athletic director Trev Alberts, for example, recently told the Bryan-College Station Eagle that schools could be adding $15 million to $20 million to their budgets annually for what he termed a "new expense category" in college athletics.

What's uncertain, for now, are the mechanics of how this could work. Do the schools buy the NIL of their athletes? How would Title IX be impacted?

The House case is one of four active antitrust lawsuits, all of which serve as a threat to some part of the NCAA's remaining caps on how athletes are paid. In three of those cases, including the House case, athletes are represented by veteran sports labor attorney Jeffrey Kessler.

Kessler did not respond to a request for comment Monday. His co-counsel, Steve Berman, told ESPN on Monday: "Judge Wilken has told us that she expected us to be discussing settlement given the lengthy litigation over the issues and the parties' familiarities with the strengths and weaknesses on each side. We are simply following the judge's instructions and have nothing to report other than that."

In an interview with ESPN earlier this month, Kessler declined to comment on any possible negotiations but said he felt a settlement was the quickest route toward transforming college sports.

"I can't guarantee this, but I think [the defendants'] lawyers have told them they're in all likelihood going to lose," Kessler said. "If they lose, the damages are going to be gigantic. Further, they've been told that it's much better for them to be active participants in settling and deciding their future lives and fate than it is to let the court impose it on them."

The House case includes two separate classes of plaintiffs. The damages class is composed of former college athletes from the past several years who argue the NCAA owes them back pay for the money they could have earned if they had been allowed to sign NIL deals prior to 2021. The injunctive class includes current college athletes, who argue that any of the existing restrictions on what types of NIL deals athletes can sign are also illegal.

In court testimony, economic experts hired by the plaintiffs argued that the damages class missed out on more than $1 billion in NIL opportunities in the years leading up to 2021. In antitrust cases, the court makes the defendant pay triple the amount of actual damages as punishment if it has violated the law -- hence the estimated $4 billion price tag of a legal loss.

"If we settle for the injunction class, it will involve an agreement of what the future will look like," Kessler said. "If we settle for the damages class, that's basically money for the past."

Another pending antitrust lawsuit, Carter v. NCAA, which was also filed by Kessler, argues that the NCAA should not be able to keep schools from paying players directly for their performance. While the cases do not need to be settled together, it's likely that both sides would want to reach an agreement that is substantial enough to keep them from ending up back in court for the Carter case in the near future. Sources indicated to ESPN that schools would likely want protection from future litigation as part of a settlement in the House case.

In professional sports, revenue sharing deals are typically reached through a collective bargaining agreement. While that might also be the route for college sports if schools decide to share more with players, there is some precedent for working out the details of labor agreements within the settlement of a lawsuit. The NFL, for example, settled a case with Reggie White in 1993 that established the rules for free agency and salary caps for the league. One of the lawyers who represented White in that case was Kessler.

Along with the threat of antitrust lawsuits, the National Labor Relations Board is also reviewing a pair of cases that aim to classify college athletes as employees and allow them to unionize.

NCAA leaders have remained firmly opposed to athletes becoming employees. However, Baker -- who took over as the association's president last March -- said he wants to find ways for some schools to provide more to their athletes. He proposed in December creating a new subdivision of the wealthiest teams that would be required to pay at least half their athletes a minimum of $30,000 per year.

"If you look at what Baker has been out there doing, he seems to be very aware," Kessler told ESPN earlier this month. "Some of his proposals he's made in December -- I'm not say it's what we'd settle for -- but it's certainly moving in the direction of proposing to give much more compensation to the athletes. That's what we're advocating."

The NCAA has also attempted for the past several years to convince Congress to create new rules to help govern college sports. Among the items it would like to see in a federal law is a clause that specifies that college athletes aren't employees. Congress has thus far made no demonstrable progress on a bill, but a significant settlement that shows a commitment to future revenue sharing in the House case could convince some lawmakers to provide help to the NCAA.

World Intellectual Property Report 2024: Making Innovation Policy Work for Growth and Development

Geneva, May 2, 2024 PR/2024/916

A new WIPO report probes the intersection of human innovation, economic diversification and industrial policy and finds that the key to sustainable growth for countries is to focus policy making on developing local innovation capabilities.

The biennial World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) “Making Innovation Policy Work for Development” documents a recent resurgence in industrial policy making, including in many developing and least developed countries, aimed at ensuring a wide and growing economic structure base - and the innovation, creativity and technology required to achieve it.

Photos on Flickr

The WIPR establishes a novel methodology that maps 20 years of innovation capabilities across 150-plus WIPO member states, pinpointing how different countries have boosted their economic diversification in areas of technology, science and exports. Through this, the WIPR results help governments design their policies in a highly dynamic economic and political environment.

We hope this report will guide policymakers across the world on how to leverage innovation for improved productivity, competitiveness, and development amid global economic shifts, geopolitical tensions and digital acceleration.

Our report shows that countries that leverage on local strengths, build diverse innovation ecosystems and develop deep capabilities are in a better place to win the innovation race.

said WIPO Director General Daren Tang , adding

We hope that policymakers will find the data and insights in this report useful and interesting as they build durable innovation ecosystems that brings real growth over decades.

To help guide policymakers, the report documented:

Power of local capabilities: Countries often use their existing innovation capabilities as a springboard for diversification. Innovation capabilities based on scientific, technological and production know-how in a particular country or region can be measured by studying the data on scientific publications, patent applications and international trade respectively. For example:
Economic Specialization and Diversification: Analysis of nearly 40 million patent filings, over 70 million scientific papers and economic activity worth more than 300 trillion dollars in goods and services exports, reveals that innovative outcomes are highly concentrated. Over the past 20 years, for example, the top eight countries account for 50 percent of exports, 60 percent of scientific publications and 80 percent of international patenting. But change is occurring: China, India and the Republic of Korea saw big increases in their technological diversification over the period. China jumped from being specialized in only 16% to 94% of all technological capabilities, the Republic of Korea's technological capabilities went from 40% to 83%, and India saw its technological capabilities double from 9% to 21%.
Innovation Complexity: Innovation complexity is the knowledge in an economy as expressed in the diversity and sophistication of the science, technologies, and products it generates. Complex capabilities are rare and only diversified innovation ecosystems can make use of them. Of the three types of innovation capabilities, technological capabilities are the most complex and also more likely to generate higher growth.

Case Studies Spotlight

The WIPR focuses on three case studies across eight countries to reveal insights on how innovators and policymakers leveraged and enhanced existing industrial capabilities to create the advanced and sophisticated motorcycles, videogames and agricultural technologies of today.

Motorcycles Industry - full throttle on innovation

The documented evolution of the motorcycle industry is a key example of human innovation and economic diversification, which economists and policymakers can use to spur sustainable, long-term growth across the globe.

The experiences of Italy, Japan and India show how historical ties with closely related sectors - including bicycles, automobiles, and aviation – have allowed them to carve out their own unique specialized trajectories within the same innovative and complex industry.

For instance, Italian motorcycles excel in high-performance and groundbreaking design thanks to vibrant know-how in racing and top of the line craftsmanship; the big four Japanese motorcycles companies (Honda, Yamaha, Kawasaki, Suzuki) dominate the global market by exploiting Japan’s complex innovation capabilities on advanced technologies, product reliability, and sophisticated supply-chain logistics ( keiretsu ) ; and Indian motorcycle companies have emerged as a key global industry player catapulted by India’s capabilities on cost efficient production, particularly prioritizing fuel-efficient engines.

The motorcycle case study provides evidence of strategic implementation of industrial policies, such as those that enhanced the rise of national champions in Japan or faster adoption of electric two- and three-wheelers in India.

Today, the motorcycle industry is in a new and disruptive transformational journey driven by changing consumer preferences, a heightened focus on sustainability and technological shifts. Electrification, artificial intelligence, and enhanced connectivity technologies are revolutionizing the industry.

Agricultural Leveraging Technologies

The agricultural sector is undergoing a spectacular technological transformation as shown by the 239% increase of patent protected agriculture inventions in the last decade. New scientific breakthroughs in genetic engineering and the adoption of frontier robotic and digital technologies are increasing the innovation sophistication of one of the oldest economic activities.

The increase in innovation complexity in the agricultural sector is happening around the world. For instance, scientists in Kenya have leveraged their plant breeding capabilities to create a pest-resistant maize variety successfully being used across the African continent. In Brazil, sugarcane and sugar production capabilities were the standpoint for Brazil's global leadership of ethanol related technologies helping consumers find sustainable fossil-fuel alternatives.

The Rise of the Global Videogame Industry

The videogame case study showcases how seemingly unrelated existing capabilities can be used to create an innovative and sophisticated new industry.

The video game industry is a breeding ground for new businesses, with around 45% of game developers being newly founded companies. This dynamic environment fosters competition and innovation, contributing to the industry's rapid growth.

In addition, the report finds that around 15% of new video games launched each year are based on existing intellectual property (excluding sequels).

The development of the global video game industry has seen regional hubs navigating unique challenges and capitalizing on local strengths. The four video game industry hubs discussed in the chapter demonstrate how local expertise, cultural capital and interconnected industries collectively have influenced the industry's evolution and offer strategic insights for policymakers.

World IP Report 2024: A Guide for Policy Makers

The report provides a new policy toolkit that can help countries replicate these success stories. By identifying over 600 technological, scientific and production capabilities spread around the world, the new framework allow decision takers to design smart policies based on empirical evidence.

Policy makers can see where, when and how to target their innovation policies, either by nurturing their strengths, or by leveraging them to attain new and exciting scientific, technological and production opportunities.

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is the United Nations agency that serves the world’s innovators and creators, ensuring that their ideas travel safely to the market and improve lives everywhere.

We do so by providing services that enable creators, innovators and entrepreneurs to protect and promote their intellectual property (IP) across borders and acting as a forum for addressing cutting-edge IP issues. Our IP data and information guide decisionmakers the world over. And our impact-driven projects and technical assistance ensure IP benefits everyone, everywhere.

Tel: (+41 22) 338 81 61 / 338 72 24

Share full article

Supported by

Gas Stove Pollution Risk Is Greatest in Smaller Homes, Study Finds

Gas-burning ranges, a significant contributor to indoor pollution, can produce and spread particularly high levels of some pollutants in smaller spaces.

Yannai Kashtan leans over a small, white stove, adjusting a knob.

By Hiroko Tabuchi

For decades, scientists have worked to clean up air pollution from factories, cars and power plants. But researchers are increasingly turning their attention to the air that people breathe indoors. And one appliance has come to the fore as a source of pollutants harmful to human health: the humble gas stove.

A new study from researchers at Stanford University sheds light on how much Americans may be exposed, indoors, to nitrogen dioxide, which comes from burning coal and gas and has been linked to asthma and other respiratory conditions.

The researchers found that, across the country, short-term nitrogen dioxide exposure from typical gas stove use frequently exceeded benchmarks set by both the World Health Organization and the United States Environmental Protection Agency. In the longer term, using gas or propane stoves meant that the typical American could breathe in three-quarters of the nitrogen dioxide levels deemed safe by the W.H.O. within their own homes.

As with outdoor pollution , disadvantaged households may be more exposed, the researchers found. Because gas more easily spreads throughout smaller spaces, people in homes smaller than 800 square feet were exposed to four times more nitrogen dioxide in the long term than people in homes larger than 3,000 square feet, the study found. Black and Latino households were exposed to 20 percent more nitrogen dioxide compared with the national average.

“We’ve done a really good job in this country of reducing outdoor pollution,” said Rob Jackson, professor of earth system science at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability and a principal investigator on the study, which was published on Friday in Science Advances. “But we’ve ignored the risks that people face indoors. And that’s the air that we’re breathing most of the time.”

And though home cooks who use a gas stove are particularly exposed to nitrogen dioxide, he said, “we’re getting a better handle on the migration of pollution down the hall, to the living room and the bedroom.”

The focus on gas stoves isn’t without critics. When a Biden administration official spoke about the health hazards of gas stoves last year, Republican politicians and their allies accused the administration of overreach and of planning to ban gas stoves outright.

Next week, House Republicans are set to meet on a bill called the Hands Off Our Home Appliances Act, which would make it harder for the Department of Energy to set more stringent energy-efficiency standards on household appliances, including gas stoves.

Health experts say that the health risks posed by gas stoves are significant. “There really is no safe amount of exposure to these toxicants produced by gas or propane, or any fossil fuel, outside or inside,” said Kari Nadeau, chairwoman of the Department of Environmental Health at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health.

The Stanford study estimated that long-term exposure to nitrogen dioxide from stoves was likely causing up to 50,000 cases of asthma in children.

Some cities and counties have tried to move away from gas altogether, as part of a transition to cleaner forms of energy. Over the past few years, more than 140 cities and local governments have sought to restrict gas hookups in new buildings or have taken other measures to end the use of natural gas in new buildings, though those measures have been challenged in court .

“It isn’t ideal to tell people, they have to rip a perfectly good gas stove out of their home,” Dr. Jackson said. But requiring new homes to install electric stoves, which the study found had virtually no harmful emissions, made sense, he said. “Otherwise, we’re putting dirty polluting infrastructure into the next set of homes, and it will be there and 50 years. No one benefits from that.”

The Stanford team took direct measurements of nitrogen dioxide emissions and concentrations at about 100 homes in San Francisco, Los Angeles, New York City and other major U.S. cities, and used indoor air-quality monitoring and epidemiological risk calculations to estimate exposure and health consequences.

They found that home cooks were exposed to three times more nitrogen dioxide pollution compared to the average, said Yannai Kashtan, a Ph.D. candidate at Stanford and the study’s lead researcher. Mr. Kashtan was the subject of a recent article on the debate at Stanford about fossil fuel funding for climate research.

For this study, the researchers also found that the pollution traveled quickly out of the kitchen, down hallways, and into living rooms and bedrooms.

Good ventilation, for example turning on the range hood or opening a window, helped to reduce exposure. But more than that, the study found that “the kind of stove you cook on matters the most,” Mr. Kashtan said. “Ultimately, the best way is to reduce pollution at the source.”

Hiroko Tabuchi covers the intersection of business and climate for The Times. She has been a journalist for more than 20 years in Tokyo and New York. More about Hiroko Tabuchi

Learn More About Climate Change

Have questions about climate change? Our F.A.Q. will tackle your climate questions, big and small .

Cattle ranches have ruled the Amazon for decades. Now, new companies are selling something else: the ability of trees to lock away planet-warming carbon.

Paris is becoming a city of bikes. Across China, people are snapping up $5,000 electric cars. Here’s a look at a few bright spots for emission reductions.

In theory, online shopping can be more efficient than driving to the store. But you may still want to think before you add to cart.

“Buying Time,” a new series from The New York Times, looks at the risky ways humans are starting to manipulate nature to fight climate change.

Did you know the ♻ symbol doesn’t mean something is actually recyclable ? Read on about how we got here, and what can be done.

Lawsuits test Tesla claim that drivers are solely responsible for crashes

Multiple civil cases — and a federal investigation — contend that Tesla’s technology invites ‘drivers to overly trust the automation’

SAN FRANCISCO — As CEO Elon Musk stakes the future of Tesla on autonomous driving, lawyers from California to Florida are picking apart the company’s most common driver assistance technology in painstaking detail, arguing that Autopilot is not safe for widespread use by the public.

At least eight lawsuits headed to trial in the coming year — including two that haven’t been previously reported — involve fatal or otherwise serious crashes that occurred while the driver was allegedly relying on Autopilot. The complaints argue that Tesla exaggerated the capabilities of the feature, which controls steering, speed and other actions typically left to the driver. As a result, the lawsuits claim, the company created a false sense of complacency that led the drivers to tragedy.

Evidence emerging in the cases — including dash-cam video obtained by The Washington Post — offers sometimes-shocking details: In Phoenix, a woman allegedly relying on Autopilot plows into a disabled car and is then struck and killed by another vehicle after exiting her Tesla. In Tennessee, an intoxicated man allegedly using Autopilot drives down the wrong side of the road for several minutes before barreling into an oncoming car, killing the 20-year-old inside.

Tesla maintains that it is not liable for the crashes because the driver is ultimately in control of the vehicle. But that contention is coming under increasing pressure, including from federal regulators. Late Thursday, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) launched a new review of Autopilot, signaling concern that a December recall failed to significantly improve misuse of the technology and that drivers are misled into thinking the “automation has greater capabilities than it does.”

Meanwhile, in a twist, Tesla this month settled a high-profile case in Northern California that claimed Autopilot played a role in the fatal crash of an Apple engineer, Walter Huang. The company’s decision to settle with Huang’s family — along with a ruling from a Florida judge concluding that Tesla had “knowledge” that its technology was “flawed” under certain conditions — is giving fresh momentum to cases once seen as long shots, legal experts said.

“A reckoning is coming as more and more of these cases are going to see the light of a jury trial,” said Brett Schreiber, a lawyer with Singleton Schreiber who is representing the family of Jovani Maldonado, 15, who was killed in Northern California when a Tesla in Autopilot rear-ended his family’s pickup truck in 2019.

Tesla did not respond to multiple requests for comment on the lawsuits.

The outcomes of the cases could be critical for the company. Tesla’s stock has lost more than a third of its value since the beginning of the year. Last week, the company reported a steeper-than-expected 55 percent plunge in first-quarter profit as it struggles with falling sales of electric vehicles and stiff competition from China. To allay investors’ concerns, Musk has made lofty promises about launching a fully autonomous “robotaxi” in August. Soon, he said during Tuesday’s earnings call, driving a car will be like riding an elevator: You get on and get out at your destination.

“We should be thought of as an AI or robotics company,” Musk told investors. “If somebody doesn’t believe Tesla is going to solve autonomy, I think they should not be an investor in the company. But we will.”

Meanwhile, the company has defended itself in court documents by arguing that its user manuals and on-screen warnings make “extremely clear” that drivers must be fully in control while using Autopilot. Many of the upcoming court cases involve driver distraction or impairment.

Autopilot “is not a self-driving technology and does not replace the driver,” Tesla said in response to a 2020 case filed in Florida. “The driver can and must still brake, accelerate and steer just as if the system is not engaged.”

But the Huang case also potentially involved a distracted driver: Huang was allegedly playing a video game when his Tesla plowed into a highway barrier in 2018. Tesla has not said why it decided to settle the lawsuit, and details of the settlement have not been disclosed in court documents.

More fatal crash details emerge

Meanwhile, federal regulators appear increasingly sympathetic to claims that Tesla oversells its technology and misleads drivers. Even the decision to call the software Autopilot “elicits the idea of drivers not being in control” and invites “drivers to overly trust the automation,” NHTSA said Thursday, revealing that a two-year investigation into Autopilot had identified 467 crashes linked to the technology, 13 of them fatal.

NHTSA did not offer specific information about those crashes. But two fatal crashes from 2022 are detailed in lawsuits that have not been previously reported.

In Phoenix, Iwanda Mitchell, 49, was driving a Tesla in May 2022 when she struck a Toyota Camry that had stalled on the highway, according to court documents and dash-cam footage obtained by The Post. According to the Mitchell family’s lawyer, Jonathan Michaels with MLG Attorneys at Law, Autopilot and the car’s other features — including forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking — failed to result in Mitchell’s Tesla taking evasive action and prevent the vehicle from barreling into the stalled sedan.

Mitchell was then struck and killed by an oncoming vehicle when she got out of her car.

Tesla did not respond to a request for comment regarding this case. In response to the complaint in January 2024, Tesla said it denies the allegation and “has not yet had an opportunity to inspect” Mitchell’s vehicle.

About a month later in Sumner County, Tenn., Jose Roman Jaramillo Cortez drank two beers and three tequila shots after his shift at a local restaurant, and then hopped into his Tesla Model 3, court documents say. He plugged his address into the Tesla’s GPS and flicked on Autopilot, it said.

According to the lawsuit filed in June 2023 and dash-cam footage obtained by The Post, the car then pulled onto the wrong side of the road. After driving south in a northbound lane for several minutes, the Tesla rammed into a car driven by Christian Malone, 20, who died from the impact. In its response to the complaint, Tesla said “the crash was caused by the negligence and/or recklessness of the driver.”

Trial dates for both cases will be set later next year, Michaels said.

In another case — set for trial in November in Key Largo, Fla. — a Tesla in Autopilot allegedly failed to detect an approaching T-intersection while its driver searched for a dropped phone. The Tesla barreled through flashing lights and a physical barricade before crashing into a vehicle parked on the side of the road, killing a woman and seriously injuring a man.

In court documents, Tesla has argued that the driver was ultimately responsible for the trajectory of the car. Tesla also states in user manuals that Autopilot may not operate as intended “when unable to accurately determine lane markings” or when “bright light is interfering with the camera’s view.”

When these cases head to trial, juries may be asked to consider whether Tesla’s many driver warnings are sufficient to spare the company from liability. Ross Gerber, CEO of Gerber Kawasaki Wealth and Investment Management, said the last thing the company needs is a highly publicized courtroom battle that focuses attention on such questions.

At a trial, “the defense would dig into the weeds … and it would become very clear that the perception of the Autopilot software was very different from the reality,” Gerber said. “Every day would be a headline, and it would be embarrassing.”

So far, Tesla has faced a jury only once over the role Autopilot may have played in a fatal crash. In Riverside, Calif., last year, a jury heard the case of Micah Lee, 37, who was allegedly using Autopilot when his Tesla Model 3 suddenly veered off the highway at 65 mph, crashed into a palm tree and burst into flames. Lee died of his injuries, while his fiancée and her son were severely injured.

Because of the extensive damage to the car, Tesla said it could not be proved that Autopilot was engaged at the time of the crash. During the trial, Michael Carey, the attorney for Tesla, argued the technology was not at fault, and that the crash “is classic human error.” According to a toxicology report taken after the crash, Lee had alcohol in his system but it was within the legal limit in California.

“This case is not about Autopilot. Autopilot didn’t cause the crash,” Carey said during opening statements. “This is a bad crash with bad injuries and may have resulted from bad mistakes — but you can’t blame the car company when that happens. This is a good car with a good design.”

Ultimately, Tesla’s arguments prevailed, and a jury found the company not liable.

But the company appears to face headwinds in some other cases. Last year, Florida Circuit Judge Reid Scott upheld a plaintiff’s request to seek punitive damages in a case concerning a fatal crash in Delray Beach, Fla., in 2019 when Jeremy Banner and his Tesla in Autopilot failed to register a semi truck crossing its path. The car plowed under the truck at full speed, killing Banner on impact.

In the ruling, Scott said the family’s lawyers “sufficiently” presented evidence to reasonably seek punitive damages at trial, which could run millions of dollars.

The plaintiffs’ evidence included that Tesla “knew the vehicle at issue had a defective Autopilot system,” according to the order. Citing other fatal crashes involving Autopilot, Scott wrote that there is a “genuine” dispute over whether Tesla “created a foreseeable zone of risk that posed a general threat of harm to others.”

Tesla’s appeal of the ruling is pending.

Change in defense strategy?

As the spate of lawsuits churns forward, Tesla has shown a fresh willingness to settle such cases — despite Musk’s vow on Twitter in 2022 to never settle “an unjust case against us even if we will probably lose.”

In addition to settling the Huang case, Tesla “indicated” that it was open to discussing a potential settlement in the Riverside case as it was being presented to a jury last fall, said Michaels, the MLG lawyer who represented Lee’s family.

The month-long trial featured testimony from an accident reconstructionist, a top engineer at Tesla and a paramedic who responded to the crash and said it was among the most horrific accidents he had ever seen. Michaels said he declined to engage in settlement talks because he wanted to continue to “make this a really public issue.” He said he also “did not have confidence in our ability to come to an agreeable amount.”

Tesla and its lawyer in the case, Carey, did not respond to a request for comment.

After four days of deliberations, the jury decided the case in Tesla’s favor.

Though he lost, Michaels said the trial attracted media attention and gave other lawyers with cases against Tesla insight into the company’s defense strategy. Plus, he said, his law firm’s phone has since been blowing up with potential clients.

“We walked away from guaranteed money,” Michaels said, “but that wasn’t what it was about.”

IMAGES

Fire Vu Case Study Aircraft Hangar
7+ Case Study Report Templates in Google Docs
18 case study templates page 2
7+ Case Study Report Templates in Google Docs
case study status report rhine river basin
49 Free Case Study Templates ( + Case Study Format Examples + )

VIDEO

Biagio Antonacci,Tiziano Ferro,Marco Mengoni,Modà [Live]
Intro to Management Video Case Study Report
VU Exam Demo 2022
MGX1010
Progress Reports
핫핑크

COMMENTS

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report
Introduction Déjà vu is typically a transient mental state in which a novel experience feels highly familiar. Although extensively studied in relation to temporal lobe epilepsy as part of simple partial seizures, déjà vu has been less studied in other clinical populations. A recent review of temporal lobe epilepsy suggested a possible link between clinical levels of anxiety and ...
Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report
He reports high levels of anxiety, probably both contributing to and resulting from his frequent experience of déjà vu. This case study contributes to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu, and highlights the need for further investigation of the occurrence of déjà vu in psychiatric disorders.
The Same Day on Repeat: A Unique Case of Persistent DÉjÀ Vu Phenomenon
Given the large and often distressing disease burden, especially in this case, of neuropsychiatric symptoms in long COVID, it is important that further studies are done to elucidate the mechanism of how COVID-19 affects the brain. (1) Bošnjak Pašić, M., Horvat Velić, E., Fotak, L., et al: Many Faces of Déjà Vu: a Narrative Review.
Déjà vu phenomenon-related EEG pattern. Case report
1. Introduction. Déjà vu (DV, from French déjà vu — already seen) is the term describing an aberration of psychic activity associated with transitory erroneous perception of novel circumstances, objects, or people as already known. This phenomenon belongs to the group of derealization disorders, which also includes states such as déjà ...
Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report
Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu. Case presentation: A 23-year-old White British man ...
Full article: Déjà vu and other dissociative states in memory
Four articles in the current issue take a neuropsychological approach, and the first three here present single case studies. These studies are a continuation of the tradition of publishing case reports in déjà vu, stemming from Arnaud's description of Louis (Arnaud, Citation 1896). Déjà vu is so infrequent and unpredictable an experience ...
Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report.
This website requires cookies, and the limited processing of your personal data in order to function. By using the site you are agreeing to this as outlined in our privacy notice and cookie policy.privacy notice and cookie policy.
Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report
Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu. CASE PRESENTATION: A 23-year-old White British man ...
Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: A case report
In part, the study was designed in order to test hypotheses generated in a case study presented in Wells et al. (2014). They report a 23-year-old man with a history of chronic anxiety and low mood ...
PDF Déjà vu experiences in anxiety
Interest in exploring the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu was recently revived through a case study reported by Wells et al. (2014). A young male, presenting ... difficult to characterise the nature of the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu from this single case but, placed alongside the earlier findings of Harper and Roth ...
Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report
Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the relationship between anxiety and déjà vu.Case presentationA 23-year-old White British man presented ...
(PDF) Deja vu case report
This study is the first to report the signal correlations of intracerebral EEG signals between MTL structures during déjà vu, demonstrating large collaboration between these brain structures. a b s t r a c t Objective: The phenomenon of 'déjà vu' is caused by acute disturbance of mnemonic systems of the med-ial temporal lobe (MTL).
Subjective distinguishability of seizure and non-seizure Déjà Vu: A
We report the case of MN, a 25-year-old woman, who suffered a cerebral haemorrhage in the right thalamo-callosal region and experienced recurrent déjà vu episodes.
The case studies report
The case studies report - VU University, Institute for Environmental ... The case studies report - VU University, Institute for Environmental ... SHOW MORE . SHOW LESS . ePAPER READ . DOWNLOAD ePAPER. ivm.vu.nl. Create successful ePaper yourself. Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software. ...
Subjective Distinguishability of Seizure and Non-seizure Déjà Vu: A
1. Introduction. Déjà vu—the feeling of having experienced the current situation before despite that seeming impossible—has a long-appreciated link to some forms of epilepsy (reviewed by Brown, 2004, Cleary & Brown, 2022) [1-2].Medical descriptions and this link were provided by John Hughlings Jackson over a century ago [3-4].Today, it is widely recognized that déjà vu that occurs ...
Doñana Case Study Report
BT - Doñana Case Study Report. PB - European Union. CY - Brussels. ER - Brouwer R, Martin Ortega J, Aiking H. Doñana Case Study Report. Brussels: European Union, 2008. 34 p. (REMEDE report; D12, Version 4 (Final)). Powered by Pure, Scopus & Elsevier Fingerprint Engine ...
Case Study of an Ethnic Community-Based Organization in the United
A case study approach is used to explore how a Korean ethnic organization engages older adults in mental health services. The study provides an in-depth examination of the organization's responses to the increasing need for mental health services for older Korean adults by providing culturally grounded services in a nonstigmatized environment.
Library Guides: Master of Business: Analysing Case Studies
The Emerald Cases Hub has an online module ' L earning with case studies' specifically designed to teach students how to learn with the case study method. This shows you how to actively read and evaluate case studies. The content includes videos, questions and key points on: How to prepare for a case study lesson, How to establish facts from a ...
Subjective distinguishability of seizure and non-seizure Déjà Vu: A
Déjà vu—the feeling of having experienced the current situation before despite that seeming impossible—has a long-appreciated link to some forms of epilepsy (reviewed by Brown, 2004, Cleary & Brown, 2022) [1,2]. Medical descriptions and this link were provided by John Hughlings Jackson over a century ago [3,4]. Today, it is widely recognized that déjà vu that occurs with high frequency ...
PDF NYSERDA Clean Transportation Research & Development Evaluation Case Study:
presented in the case study as $200,000 per year if these fixtures were installed in the entire Canarsie Tunnel. The 5previous report estimated $11.6 million in savings from lighting fixture inspections over seven years and 460 miles of track. This finding was excluded from the final case study because these savings already appear as a subset ...
Use of a Second-Generation Irrigation Device May Shorten... : ACG Case
CASE REPORT. Six inpatient colonoscopies performed between October 2019 and February 2020 used the Pure-Vu system. ... However, during the selected study period, provider uptake of the Pure-Vu device was low (6 cases of 58), and simply having it available for use, for example, in the case it was required to salvage an inadequate bowel ...
PDF Cri-du-Chat Syndrome: A Case Report
This study presents a case report of 11 month old female exhibits Cri-du-Chat syndrome (CdCs). Karyotyping shows partial deletion of chromosome 5p [46, XX, del (5) (p13, p15.3)].Children with Cri-du-Chat syndrome usually exhibit low weight, microcephaly, micrognathia, typical cat like cry, abnormal dermatoglyphics.
The demise of Red Lobster is a perfect case study in how to kill a business
The move was not a smart one. While Red Lobster increased traffic somewhat, people coming in to chow down on all-you-can-eat shrimp was a money bleeder. The company blamed Endless Shrimp for its ...
Sources: NCAA in talks to settle NIL antitrust case
The case is scheduled to go to court in January 2025. If the plaintiffs win at trial, the NCAA and its schools could be liable to pay more than $4 billion in damages, which has motivated many ...
PDF Persistent psychogenic d j vu: a case report
between clinical levels of anxiety and debilitating déjà vu, indicating further research is required. Here, for the first time in the literature, we present a case study of a young man with anxiety and depersonalisation who reported experiencing persistent and debilitating déjà vu. This report therefore adds to the limited literature on the
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Infection in a Dairy
Sporadic human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus, with a wide spectrum of clinical severity and a cumulative case fatality of more than 50%, have been reported ...
World Intellectual Property Report 2024: Making Innovation ...
Geneva, May 2, 2024. PR/2024/916. A new WIPO report probes the intersection of human innovation, economic diversification and industrial policy and finds that the key to sustainable growth for countries is to focus policy making on developing local innovation capabilities. The biennial World Intellectual Property Report (WIPR) "Making ...
Gas Stove Pollution Risk Is Greatest in Smaller Homes, Study Finds
As with outdoor pollution, disadvantaged households may be more exposed, the researchers found. Because gas more easily spreads throughout smaller spaces, people in homes smaller than 800 square ...
Multiple Tesla lawsuits test claim drivers are responsible in Autopilot
In Riverside, Calif., last year, a jury heard the case of Micah Lee, 37, who was allegedly using Autopilot when his Tesla Model 3 suddenly veered off the highway at 65 mph, crashed into a palm ...

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Introduction

Case presentation

Conclusions

Abbreviations

Acknowledgements

Author information

Corresponding author

Additional information

Authors’ contributions

Rights and permissions

About this article

Share this article

Journal of Medical Case Reports

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Publication types

Search life-sciences literature (44,023,080 articles, preprints and more)

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report.

Abstract

Free full text

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Chris JA Moulin

Paige Ethridge

Nathan A Illman

Emma Davies

Full text links

Citations & impact

Déjà vu experiences in anxiety.

Overcoming familiarity illusions in a single case with persistent déjà vu.

Similar Articles

Déjà vu in unilateral temporal-lobe epilepsy is associated with selective familiarity impairments on experimental tasks of recognition memory.

Many Faces of Déjà Vu: a Narrative Review.

The persistence of erroneous familiarity in an epileptic male: challenging perceptual theories of déjà vu activation.

Is there anything distinctive about epileptic deja vu?

Deja vu in neurology.

Persistent psychogenic déjà vu: a case report

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Deja vu case report

Related Papers

RELATED PAPERS

RELATED TOPICS

Doñana Case Study Report

Publication series

Master of Business

What are Business Case Studies

Resources for students via Emerald Case Studies

Resources for staff for teaching Business Case Studies

Case Study databases

The fishy death of Red Lobster

About Discourse Stories

Most popular

College sports leaders in deep talks to settle NIL antitrust case vs. NCAA

World Intellectual Property Report 2024: Making Innovation Policy Work for Growth and Development

Case Studies Spotlight

Motorcycles Industry - full throttle on innovation

Agricultural Leveraging Technologies

The Rise of the Global Videogame Industry

World IP Report 2024: A Guide for Policy Makers

Gas Stove Pollution Risk Is Greatest in Smaller Homes, Study Finds

Learn More About Climate Change

Lawsuits test Tesla claim that drivers are solely responsible for crashes

More fatal crash details emerge

Change in defense strategy?

IMAGES

VIDEO

COMMENTS