sri lankan independence day essay

Everything You Need to Know About Sri Lanka's Independence Day

S ri Lanka's Independence Day, observed annually on February 4th, stands as a testament to the nation's triumph over colonial rule and its journey towards sovereignty. This article delves into the various aspects of this significant day, offering insights into its history, traditions, and celebrations.

A Historical Retrospective

Origins of Independence: Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, gained partial independence from British colonial rule in 1948, marking the beginning of a new chapter in its history.

Evolution into a Republic: On May 22, 1972, Sri Lanka transitioned into a full republic and adopted the name the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka, solidifying its status as a sovereign nation.

Key Figures and Milestones: Notable leaders such as Don Stephen Senanayake and Sirimavo Bandaranaike played pivotal roles in shaping Sri Lanka's path towards independence, leaving behind a legacy of resilience and nation-building.

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National Celebrations Across the Island

Unity in Diversity: Sri Lanka's Independence Day is a nationwide celebration, with festivities spanning from bustling urban centers to serene rural villages, showcasing the country's rich cultural tapestry.

Cultural Extravaganza: Expect to witness a kaleidoscope of cultural performances, including traditional dances, music recitals, and theatrical displays, providing a glimpse into Sri Lanka's artistic heritage.

Galle Face Green: Colombo's iconic Galle Face Green serves as the epicenter of Independence Day celebrations, hosting an array of events, from flag-hoisting ceremonies to military parades, against the backdrop of the picturesque coastline.

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Religious Observances and Multicultural Harmony

Drum player at a colourful Hindu festival in Nainativu Nagapooshani Amman Temple in Sri Lanka e7awi 1 Drum player at a colourful Hindu festival in Nainativu Nagapooshani Amman Temple in Sri Lanka

Diverse Religious Traditions: Sri Lanka's religious landscape is diverse, with adherents of Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, and other faiths coming together to commemorate Independence Day through prayers, rituals, and ceremonies.

Interfaith Unity: Pre-Independence Day religious observances underscore the nation's commitment to religious harmony and coexistence, with communities of different faiths joining hands in solidarity and celebration.

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Military Pageantry and National Pride

Saluting Sri Lanka's Defenders: The annual military parade stands as a testament to the nation's defense forces' prowess and commitment to safeguarding its sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Presidential Address and Symbolic Gestures: The President's address and ceremonial lighting of the lamp serve as poignant reminders of Sri Lanka's resilience and unity in the face of historical challenges.

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Symbolism of the Sri Lankan Flag

Meaning Behind the Colors: The Sri Lankan flag, with its vibrant hues of orange, green, and maroon, symbolizes the nation's multicultural identity, with each color representing a distinct ethnic group.

Historical Significance of the Emblem: The lion emblem, derived from ancient Sri Lankan heraldry, embodies strength and courage, reflecting the nation's indomitable spirit.

Sri Lanka's Independence Day transcends mere commemoration; it serves as a testament to the nation's enduring resilience, cultural richness, and unity in diversity. As Sri Lankans worldwide gather to honor their heritage and progress, they reaffirm their commitment to a future defined by peace, prosperity, and inclusivity.

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Everything You Need to Know About Sri Lanka's Independence Day

All that You Need to Know about the Sri Lanka Independence Day History!

British and Sri Lankan flags flying high, signifying the history of the Sri Lankan Independence day.

The graceful history woven around the splendid island of Sri Lanka is just simply wonderful. Starting from the civilization of Naga-Yakka tribe, with the arrival of Prince Vijaya and his 700 followers, passing a series of successive ancient kingdoms, the journey Sri Lanka came was full of delight, and excitement. However, next, Sri Lanka passed a period of colonization . Of course, it is this period that paved the path for the Sri Lanka independence movement. Thus, it is something that can never be missed. Specially, when studying about the history of Sri Lanka , as well as about the Sri Lankan independence day history.

Hence, we thought of sharing with you the story behind these incidents, helping you have a good overview on the olden days of this charming isle. So, why not? Let us start getting to know about this epoch of the Sri Lankan saga. For a better understanding, let us start with the British colonial period.

Who ruled Sri Lanka Before Independence?

If you have an idea about the colonization history timeline of Sri Lanka, you might know that Sri Lanka was first colonized by Portuguese. Next, Sri Lanka was under Dutch rule. Finally British colonized Sri Lanka, in 1815.

Of course, Sri Lankans were happy with the British rule. They proceeded ahead with their day to day lives at first. Yet, with time, Sri Lankans hated the British rule. They needed Sri Lanka to regain freedom, and to have a self-rule. Thus, the struggles against colonial power began. Many struggles came up, and all of them had an important role when considering the Sri Lanka independence day history. Some of them are as follows.

Uva Rebellion

Matale rebel.

Below sections highlight those most significant incidents that took place with regard in detail.

Accordingly, in 1817, the Uva rebellion took place. There were two closest incidents that led to this uprising. One was the obstacles Sri Lankans faced when enjoying the traditional privileges. The other was the appointment of a Moor loyal to British as an official. Keppetipola Disawe launched the rebellion. Moreover, several chiefs joined and supported the rebel. However, the rebel could not achieve the expected success, owing to poor leadership, and several other reasons.

And then in 1848, the Matale rebel came up. Hennedige Francisco Fernando (Puran Appu) and Gongalegoda Banda led it. The Sinhalese army left from Dambulla to capture Kandy from the British. They attacked the British buildings, and destroyed tax records as well. However, British troops took Puran Appu as a prisoner, and they executed him. Yet, Gongalegoda Banda and his younger brother escaped. Later, British issued a warrant to arrest Gongalegoda Banda. Moreover, they declared a reward for any who provided information about him. However, Malay soldiers were able to arrest Gongalegoda Banda, and the British kept him as a prisoner in Kandy.

The Buddhist Resurgence in Sri Lanka

From ancient times, Buddhism remained the main religion in Sri Lanka. Of course, there were instances where Hinduism flourished in this island owing to the South Indian invasions. Moreover, Islamism emerged from some parts of the island due to the foreign traders who arrived in Sri Lanka. Yet, the majority of the great monarchs were Buddhists. Thus, their main contributions were towards flourishing Buddhism in the island.

However, with the colonizations, Catholicism, and Christianity came up. The British worked hard with regard. Moreover, they attempted to provide Protestant Christian education to the younger generations of the country. Yet, the efforts could not reach a success as per their expectation. That was because of the Buddhist resurgence that took place during this period. Several eminent personalities aided this Buddhist resurgence. Further, foreigners such as Col. Henry Steel Olcott were among them as well. Owing to their activities, Buddhism flourished on this island again. Also a group of Buddhist institutions came up with their sponsorship.

In the course, Sinhala Buddhist revivalists such as Anagarika Dharmapala emerged influencing the society. Many individuals were with him. Hence, it was more like the emergence of a group of people striving towards a similar cause. However, Anagarika Dharmapala, together with his community, could create a Sinhala-Buddhist consciousness.

1915 Sinhala Muslum Riots

In 1915, an ethnic riot arose in the city of Colombo. It was against Muslims. Moreover, Buddhists, as well as Christians took part in it. Besides, British understood that this riot could later turn out to be against them as well. Hence, they heavy-handedly reacted to this riot. As a result, Dharmapala broke his leg. His brother passed away there. Also, the British government arrested several hundreds of Sinhalese Buddhists for supporting this riot as well. Among the imprisoned were several future leaders of the independence movement. Some of them highlighting characters among them were F.R. Senanayake, D. S. Senanayake, Anagarika Dharmapala, Baron Jayatilaka, Edwin Wijeyeratne, A. E. Goonesinghe, John Silva, Piyadasa Sirisena, etc.

Their imprisonment was indeed a great loss for the continuation of the struggles. Yet, nothing could hold back the Sri Lankan motive. Sir James Peiris, with the support of Sir Ponnambalam Ramanathan, and E.W. Perera, submitted a secret memorandum to the Secretary of States for Colonies. It was a plea to repeal the martial law. Also, it described the cruelty of the Police, led by the British, Dowbiggin. However, these attempts succeeded, as the British government ordered the release of the imprisoned leaders. Further, several British officers were replaced as well.

Founding the Ceylon National Congress

In December, 1919, a nationalist political party was founded. Yes, you guessed it right! It was named Ceylon National Congress (CNC) .

This group was a combination of the members from the Ceylon National Association and the Ceylon Reform League. However, the Ceylon National Congress played a vital role in Sri Lanka’s journey of attaining independence. The founding president of the CNC Party was Sir Ponnambalam Arunachalam. Later, eminent personalities such as Sir James Peiris, D. B. Jayatilaka, E. W. Perera, C. W. W. Kannangara, Patrick de Silva Kularatne, H. W. Amarasuriya, W. A. de Silva, George E. de Silva and Edwin Wijeyeratneled the party. However, it was this CNC party that paved the path for the formation of the United National Party as well.

Sri Lanka Independence Movements and the Youth Leagues

The youth of the country were highly interested and involved in the Sri Lanka independence movement. Moreover, their utmost motive was not only achieving freedom, but also seeking justice for the citizens of the country. It is no secret that it was Dharmapala’s ethnic group that paved the way for the youth to take part in the independence movement. However, it was the Tamil Youth of Jaffna, that gave the head start for the youth leagues. Accordingly, they formed Jaffna Students. It was later popular as the Jaffna Youth Congress (JYC). They argued that the Donoughmore reforms did not concede sufficient self-governance. Thus, they successfully led a boycott of the first state council elections that took place in Jaffna, in 1931.

Meanwhile, more youth leagues came up from South Sri Lanka. Intellectuals who returned from Britain, after completing their education in foreign states, supported these leagues. However, the ministers of the CNC demanded more power from the colonial government. They even petitioned the government in order to get their demands. Yet, they never demanded for independence, or at least the dominion statues. Nevertheless, owing to their demands, as well as due to a severe campaign of the Youth leagues, the CNC ministers had to withdraw their ‘Ministers’ memorandum’.

Nevertheless, the youth leagues that came up during that period actively took part in several activities. And of course yes! All those activities had some kind of an influence in the journey of the Sri Lanka Independence movement. Thus, we thought of having a quick glance over those highlights as well. Some of them are as follows.

Suriya- Mal Movement

Formation of Lanka Sama Samaja Party

Of course, they were some interesting movements. They had a uniqueness of their own. Continue reading, to get to know what they are!

Suriya-Mal Movement

As the British rule continued, a poppy sale was carried out in Sri Lanka. It was with relation to the Armistice Day, which was on 11th November. Moreover, it was a project to support the British ex-servicemen to the detriment of Sri Lankan ex-servicemen.

However, Aelian Perera, who could not tolerate this activity, started a rival sale of Suriya flowers (flowers of the Portia tree) focusing on the same day. It was with the aim of aiding the needy Ceylon ex-servicemen. Later, the South Colombo Youth League joined hands with this movement and revived it. British authorities tried to interrupt this effort of the youth. Yet, they failed. Thereafter, until the second world war, groups of youth sold Suriya flowers, in competition with the poppy sellers.

Indeed, this is one of the most significant milestones with regard to the involvement of youth leagues in the Sri Lanka independence movement. The Lanka Sama Samaja Party (LSSP), also known as the Marxist Lanka Sama Samaja Party was the first party that had the sole motive of demanding independence. And the speciality is that it grew out of the youth.

Moreover, their aims were specific, since what they aimed at was complete national independence. Also, re-gaining nationalism in terms of production, distribution, as well as exchange was associated with their objectives. Moreover, they also worked hard to abolish the ethnic inequality, caste inequality, and gender inequality as well. Going beyond, they also demanded that colonial authorities replace the official language by Sinhala and Tamil. Yet, the demanded replacement did not take place, and English continued to be the official languages until 1956. Still, their efforts were impressive. They could strengthen the Sri Lanka Independence day movement.

The Sri Lankan Society By Then

Owing to the Colebrook reforms, a number of opportunities and income paths emerged. Thus, the castes and status of the traditional Sri Lankan society diminished. Instead, a new middle-class was formed within the society.

Most of them were businessmen, and they were educated. Among them were even individuals who completed their education in foreign countries. Thus, they had a good exposure, and they had a good overview on the political status of the country. All these things made this new middle-class get involved and lead the political campaigns of Sri Lanka. Hence, their involvement can be seen significant when considering the Sri Lanka independence day history.

Solbury Reforms and the Sri Lanka Independence

However, the British government appointed the Soulbury Commission. Their task was to study and make recommendations for Sri Lanka constitutional reforms. The members of the commission arrived in Sri Lanka in December, 1944. The report of the commission came out in September, 1945. Accordingly, the commission had recommended a constitution that offers Sri Lankans the full power of the internal activities of the country. Schedules were made for the first parliament election under the Solbury reforms. Yet, the British authorities declared nothing with regard to the grant of independence for Sri Lanka. Meanwhile, Sri Lankan political leaders such as D. S. Senanayake argued detailing the rights that Sri Lankans have for independence. However, after much effort, and struggles, just two months before the scheduled parliament election, British authorities declared that they would grant Sri Lanka the freedom to enjoy the facilities of an independent country.

Then, in August 1947, the first parliamentary election took place. As per the results, having won the majority of the seats, the United Nationals Party with the leadership of D.S. Senanayake could establish the government. Yet, the British rule still had power in terms of foreign affairs, and military. The reason behind this was the significant geographical location of Sri Lanka, which was highly beneficial in terms of foreign affairs and military activities.

Nevertheless, D.S. Senanayake could recognize the wishes of the British authorities. Hence, he took actions to sign treaties with them. Time passed by, and later, the British government approved the Ceylon Freedom Act. Accordingly, the British government lost the power to interfere with the activities related to governing Sri Lanka from 4th February, 1948 . Of course, with that, Sri Lanka attained Independence, and it happened to be the independence day of Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka Independence Day Celebration

However, it was on 10th February, 1948 that the first parliament of the independent Sri Lanka assembled. On that day, D.S.Senanayake took down the British flag, hoisted the Sri Lankan national flag, and symbolized the establishment of Sri Lankan rule.

Yet, from 1948 onward, Sri Lanka celebrated independence day on 4th February each year, commemorating the national heroes, and the efforts behind this achievement. The official independence day celebration takes place having the president as the chief guest. The president hoists the national flag, and addresses the country. Parades, and cultural performances also take place as a part of this official celebration annually. Meanwhile, Sri Lankans all around the island, hoist the national flag on this day, and join the celebration.

The Bottom Line | Sri Lanka Independence Day History

Likewise, when considering the Sri Lanka independence day history, it is clear that the journey of achieving independence had not been that much easy. It was a collective effort of several hundreds. Moreover, it was the strength of the unity of Sinhalese. However, even after achieving independence on 4th February, 1948 Sri Lanka was under dominion state. It was only on 22nd May, 1972 that Sri Lanka achieved the status of a republic. It was after that Sri Lanka was called the ‘republic of Sri Lanka’. Besides, more than 70 years have passed after Sri Lanka gained independence. Sri Lanka passed several milestones after independence day as well. If you are willing to get to know about them as well, do not forget to check our article on, ‘ Significant milestones of Sri Lanka after independence ’.

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National Day of Sri Lanka – February 4, 2025

National Day of Sri Lanka, or Independence Day, is celebrated on February 4 every year. The day commemorates the country’s independence from British rule after years of being under colonial dominance. Citizens of Sri Lanka patriotically celebrate their identity and culture on National Day. The day is marked by a number of events throughout the country, including parades, flag-hoisting ceremonies, dances, and performances.

History of National Day of Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka is a pear-shaped island in the Indian Ocean, with the Palk Strait separating it from the Indian peninsula. Sri Lankan civilization goes as far back as the 6th century B.C. The country was once known as ‘Ceylon.’ It has also been referred to as ‘Taprobane’ by the Ancient Greeks and ‘Serendib’ by the Arabs, enjoying extensive economic and cultural relations with surrounding civilizations thanks to its strategic location in maritime routes. The geography of the region was exactly what made the country an important economic hub for the British Empire, which colonized Sri Lanka in 1815.

By 1948, Sri Lanka was granted a semi-independent status and became fully independent on May 22, 1972. Since then, it has been formally recognized as the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Don Stephen Senanayake was the first Prime Minister of Sri Lanka and is widely considered the father of the nation. William Gopallawa replaced the British Empire’s appointed Governor and became the first President of Sri Lanka in 1972. National Day is also celebrated by Sri Lankan communities in other countries, including Germany, Canada, Australia, and the United States.

National Day in Sri Lanka is marked by grand displays. The capital city of Colombo is where the grand military parade is organized, followed by airshows, singing of the Jayamangala Gatha (songs of victory), ceremonial double-ended drums (magul bera), important speeches by politicians and government officials, and other ceremonies. A series of festive cultural events take place for the rest of the day, which highlights the best of Sri Lankan history, food, music, and dance.

National Day of Sri Lanka timeline

The Portuguese arrive in Colombo, piquing European interest in the region.

The Dutch force the Portuguese out and take over the Island of Ceylon, except for the Kingdom of Kandy.

The whole island unites under the British administration.

Ceylon gains full independence from the British

National Day of Sri Lanka FAQ s

What is the founding date of sri lanka.

Sri Lanka, formerly known as Ceylon, was founded sometime in 543 B.C.

What is the national food of Sri Lanka?

The national dish of Sri Lanka is rice and curry. Most meals include rice and curry.

When did Sinhala become the official language?

The Official Language Act No. 33 proclaimed Sinhala the official language in 1956. The local language replaced English, which was imposed by the former colonial masters.

National Day of Sri Lanka Activities

Attend an event.

There will be no lack of entertainment in Sri Lanka on National Day! Witness the spectacular fireworks and airshows, or attend an event in your local area. Experience the best of Sri Lankan dance, music, arts and crafts, and more.

Eat Sri Lankan food

National Day is ideal for experiencing the flavors of Sri Lankan cuisine. Indulge in favorites like varai (fritters), kiribath (milk rice), hoppers (rice-flour bowls), and the irresistible variety of snacks.

Read about Sri Lankan history

Delve deep into the region’s rich history. Read all about it in books or watch a documentary.

5 Facts About Sri Lanka That Will Amaze You

Sri lanka’s nicknames.

Due to its unique shape and location, Sri Lanka is called the ‘Teardrop of India’ and the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean.’

The wildlife is incredible

Sri Lanka is home to 227 species of birds, 123 species of mammals, 178 species of reptiles, and 122 species of amphibians.

Tea is huge

Tea is big business in Sri Lanka.

Cinnamon is common

Sri Lanka is famous for its cinnamon, a major ingredient in its cuisine.

Gender forward

Sri Lanka had the first female head of government in the modern world, Sirimavo Bandaranaike.

Why We Love National Day of Sri Lanka

Celebrating sri lanka.

Almost every country in the world has a day that celebrates its identity. National Day celebrates the cultural, historical, and modern identity of Sri Lanka, and how it has been shaped over the years.

Learning from history and colonialism

Independence Day implies freedom. It is important to learn from history so that such takeovers and colonial rules don’t repeat themselves, and the sovereignty of nations is preserved.

A display of culture

National Day brings the best of Sri Lanka’s cultural heritage. Great food, good music, dances, entertainment, art, and more. What’s not to love?

National Day of Sri Lanka dates

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Home / Samples / Culture / Essay Example: Informative Essay on Independence Day in Sri Lanka

Essay Example: Informative Essay on Independence Day in Sri Lanka

Independence Day in Sri Lanka: A Celebration of Sovereignty and National Pride

Introduction:

Independence Day in Sri Lanka is a significant national event that commemorates the country’s liberation from colonial rule. Celebrated on February 4th each year, this day holds immense importance for the people of Sri Lanka, as it marks the moment when the nation asserted its sovereignty and embarked on a journey of self-governance. This informative essay explores the historical context, cultural significance, and the ways in which Sri Lanka commemorates its Independence Day.

Historical Background:

The history of Sri Lanka is marked by a complex tapestry of colonization. The island, known historically as Ceylon, was under the domination of various foreign powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and British. The struggle for independence was a protracted one, with the British finally ceding control in 1948. On February 4th of that year, Sri Lanka formally gained its independence, making it a sovereign nation.

The road to independence was not without challenges. The British colonial rule left a lasting impact on the social, economic, and political fabric of the island. The fight for freedom was characterized by the resilience and determination of the Sri Lankan people, who sought to shape their destiny and reclaim their cultural identity.

Cultural Significance:

Independence Day in Sri Lanka is a manifestation of national pride and identity. The celebrations are deeply rooted in the country’s rich cultural heritage, reflecting the diversity of its people. The day is an occasion to showcase the unity that transcends ethnic, religious, and linguistic differences.

The national flag, with its vibrant colors and symbols, takes center stage during Independence Day celebrations. The lion symbolizes the bravery of the Sri Lankan people, the maroon background represents the Sinhalese majority, the orange stripe represents the Tamils, and the green stripe represents the Muslims. The flag serves as a visual representation of the country’s commitment to inclusivity and diversity.

Celebratory Events:

Independence Day is marked by a series of events and activities that showcase the nation’s achievements and progress. The main celebration takes place in the capital city, Colombo, where the President of Sri Lanka raises the national flag and delivers a speech highlighting the country’s accomplishments and challenges.

The military parade is a focal point of the festivities, showcasing the strength and discipline of the Sri Lankan armed forces. The parade includes displays of precision marching, cultural performances, and military equipment, symbolizing the nation’s commitment to safeguarding its sovereignty.

Cultural performances play a significant role in Independence Day celebrations. Traditional music, dance, and art forms are showcased, providing a platform for artists to express the essence of Sri Lankan culture. These performances serve as a reminder of the country’s resilience and the preservation of its cultural heritage throughout its history.

In addition to the official events, communities across the country organize various activities, including parades, flag hoisting ceremonies, and cultural festivals. Schools and educational institutions play a vital role in instilling a sense of national pride among the younger generation, often organizing special programs and competitions to mark the occasion.

Reflection on Achievements and Challenges:

Independence Day is not only a time for celebration but also an opportunity for reflection on the nation’s achievements and challenges. The president’s address often highlights the progress made in various sectors, such as education, healthcare, and infrastructure. It also addresses the ongoing efforts to address issues like poverty, inequality, and social justice.

Sri Lanka has made significant strides in economic development since gaining independence. The country has diversified its economy, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, and services contributing to its growth. However, challenges persist, including political tensions, ethnic divisions, and regional disparities. Independence Day serves as a platform to acknowledge these challenges and renew the commitment to building a more inclusive and equitable society.

International Relations:

Independence Day in Sri Lanka is also an occasion to strengthen diplomatic ties and showcase the nation’s place in the international community. The event often sees the participation of foreign dignitaries and ambassadors, fostering collaborations and partnerships on the global stage.

Conclusion:

Independence Day in Sri Lanka is a momentous occasion that encapsulates the nation’s journey from colonial rule to a sovereign, independent state. The celebrations are a testament to the resilience, diversity, and unity of the Sri Lankan people. As the country reflects on its achievements and challenges, Independence Day becomes a catalyst for renewed commitment to building a future that embraces inclusivity, justice, and prosperity for all.

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What Independence Really Means — Some Reflections on Independence Day

An independent individual possesses the capacity to decide and behave according to their own volition without undue pressure or limitations from others.

Independence is no substitute for good government. ~ Sir Ivor Jennings

The 4 th of February marks the 76 th anniversary of “independence” of Ceylon from British rule. Simplistically put, independence means freedom from external control. In expanded terms, independence typically denotes freedom from external dominance or sway that could pertain to individuals, collectives, or countries. An independent individual possesses the capacity to decide and behave according to their own volition without undue pressure or limitations from others. Likewise, when a collective or country attains independence, it signifies their ability to self-govern and control their own affairs without external intervention.

Independence may materialize in diverse areas, including political, economic, or personal realms. It is commonly regarded as an essential human entitlement and a crucial element of self-rule.

From the perspective of the 4 th of February and its significance to Sri Lanka, the statement of Sir Ivor Jennings – first Vice Chancellor of the University of Ceylon – that independence is no substitute for good government, is linked to the fact that he frequently highlighted the importance of legal structures in creating and upholding organization, consistency, and administration in liberated countries. He understood that while legal frameworks offer a sense of order and direction, they might also encroach upon independence if not meticulously formulated or if excessively shaped by external pressures.

It’s evident that Jennings accepted that laws, when applied suitably, serve to protect personal liberties and entitlements, thereby fostering autonomy and sovereignty. Nonetheless, he also believed that laws could be exploited or distorted to curtail autonomy.

It can be assumed that every citizen of a country celebrating independence could inevitably ask the question “ Do I, as an individual, have independence in a system of governance that has not given me the unfettered right and freedom to meet my needs?”

This brings to bear the question of what those needs might be.

Hierarchy of Needs

Abraham Maslow introduced his theory of human motivation, known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, in 1943. This theory proposes that individuals have a hierarchical structure of needs that must be fulfilled in a specific order, beginning with basic physiological needs and progressing to more complex psychological needs. Maslow depicted these needs in a pyramid with five tiers: Physiological needs : fundamental needs for survival including food, water, medicine, shelter, sleep, and warmth; Safety needs : once physiological needs are met, individuals seek safety and security, encompassing physical safety, financial stability, health, and environmental stability; Love and belongingness needs : following the fulfillment of safety needs, individuals desire social connections, love, and a sense of belonging, which involve relationships with family, friends, romantic partners, and community engagement. Esteem needs : With social needs satisfied, individuals pursue self-esteem and the esteem of others, which entail feelings of achievement, recognition, respect, and confidence; Self-actualization needs : At the pinnacle of the hierarchy are self-actualization needs, focusing on realizing one’s full potential, pursuing personal growth, creativity, and fulfilling unique talents and aspirations.

Maslow posited that individuals are driven to fulfill each level of needs sequentially, with lower-level needs serving as motivators until satisfied, enabling progression to higher-level needs. Once a need is met, it no longer serves as a primary motivator, prompting individuals to ascend the hierarchy in pursuit of the next level of needs. Maslow’s hierarchy continues to wield significant influence in psychology and other fields, shaping our comprehension of human motivation and behavior.

The philosophy of Sir Ivor Jennings can be taken to mean that these needs can be subject to good governance but they must not be suppressed. In other words, the first two in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: basic physiological needs which ensures good health; and personal security take primacy in good governance and independence from outside control. Firstly, on the right to good health and sustenance, it can be said that throughout the course of human history, a fundamental truth has become evident: the prosperity of a nation hinges on the well-being of its population. This sentiment has been expressed by various thinkers across different eras.

Virgil emphasized the primacy of health, asserting that true wealth lies in one’s physical well-being. Ralph Waldo Emerson echoed this sentiment, stating that health is the foremost form of wealth. Li Keqiang conveyed a similar message, underscoring the vital role of a healthy populace in fostering national prosperity and happiness. Benjamin Disraeli linked good health with happiness, recognizing it as the cornerstone of a thriving society. Mahatma Gandhi contrasted the value of health with material wealth, emphasizing its true significance in comparison to material riches.

Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights emphasizes the entitlement of every individual to a decent standard of living, encompassing essential needs such as food, clothing, housing, medical care, and social services. It underscores the importance of healthcare in promoting health and well-being, highlighting the responsibility of nations to ensure universal access to medical services.

Similarly, Article 12 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), ratified in 1966, acknowledges the right to the highest attainable level of physical and mental health. This provision obligates countries to implement measures aimed at enhancing public health, preventing diseases, and controlling health-related challenges.

The second need – security – calls for public safety and freedom from punishment from exercising the freedom of speech, assembly, and protest.

Often corruption is the foremost restriction to a person’s independent demand and need for food, water, medicine and shelter. At its essence, corruption entails the misuse of power or authority by individuals, organizations, or governing bodies for personal gain. Typically, this exploitation comes at the expense of the common good or the welfare of others. Corruption encompasses deceitful, unethical, or illegal behaviors such as bribery, fraud, nepotism, favoritism, and other forms of abusing entrusted positions.

It is widely acknowledged that corruption can manifest in various ways and is pervasive across both public and private sectors, impacting governments, businesses, institutions, and society as a whole. This phenomenon undermines fundamental values like fairness, transparency, and accountability, eroding public trust in institutions and impeding social and economic progress. Recognizing corruption as a significant obstacle, many nations and global entities are actively engaged in combating it through legal reforms, enhancing transparency, fortifying institutional frameworks, and fostering public awareness. The battle against corruption is crucial for nurturing a society that upholds principles of justice and equality, ensuring that resources are utilized for the collective benefit of all.

True independence ultimately means good governance that provides the individual with the autonomy to meet his needs. Good governance is no longer confined to scholars and practitioners but has become a widespread concern among the general population. This increased interest can be attributed to higher levels of education and awareness, often referred to as “civic literacy,” as well as the emergence of complex global issues and a heightened international consciousness that transcends national borders.

As a result, there is now a pressing need for empirical evidence of good governance to equip the public with the tools necessary to shape governance models that meet their expectations. This in turn reflects the independence of a country and its citizens. While local methodologies exist for assessing quality of life and global review processes like those conducted by the World Bank evaluate governance on a national scale, there is a lack of general indicators to gauge whether governance is improving. Moreover, there is ongoing debate on whether evaluating governance can actually contribute to its improvement.

Finally, the education system of a country must promote autonomy of thinking and creativity that would provide the child with independence to grow, unfettered by parochial teaching methods.

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Sri Lanka Independence Day

Since the attainment of freedom from British rule, Sri Lanka has enjoyed a stable democracy and steady economic growth in spite of the conflict with a separatist military group, LTTE in the recent years.

The Independence Day of Sri Lanka is a great national occasion celebrated with parades and pageants combined with the spirit of patriotism and national pride. The celebrations begin with the hoisting of the national flag and singing of the national anthem, followed by the traditional lighting of the lamp ceremony. There are cultural programs as well as serving of refreshments.

This national day holds much significance for the people of Sri Lanka as it reflects the history of great sacrifices made by Sri Lankans in the attainment of its freedom.

It is the day to pay tribute to the Armed Forces that played a major role in the country’s freedom struggle.

W.L.V. Kiyara,

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76th National Independence Day Celebrations Proudly Led by President

Prime Minister of Thailand Joins as Guest of Honour.

Global Leaders Extend Greetings, Including His Holiness Pope Francis and King Charles III.

The 76th National Independence Day celebration took place with pride and grandeur at Galle Face Colombo, symbolizing a renewed commitment to “Let’s Build a New Country.” The event, chaired by President Ranil Wickremesinghe, was honoured by the presence of the Prime Minister of Thailand, Hon. Srettha Thavisin, and received greetings from world leaders, including His Holiness Pope Francis and King Charles III.

The festivities commenced with the Sri Lankan Army heralding the President’s arrival through trumpet calls. The Chief of Defence Staff, Commanders of the three armed forces, and the Acting Inspector General of Police escorted President Wickremesinghe to the main flagpole, where he raised the national flag amidst the beats of auspicious drums and the sound of conch.

Following the flag-raising ceremony, the President joined a special stage, where 100 students melodiously sang the National Anthem. Additionally, 25 schoolgirls performed Jaya Mangala Gatha and the auspicious chant “Devo Vassathu Kalena”. A poignant moment of silence honoured the Sri Lankans who sacrificed their lives for the country’s independence, sovereignty, and territorial integrity.

The ceremony continued with a 21-gun salute, followed by a vibrant Independence Day parade featuring the Tri-forces, Police, Civil Defence Force and National Cadet Corps, showcasing Sri Lanka as a sovereign state. The parade highlighted the strength and magnanimity of the nation, featuring personnel from the Army, Navy, Air, Police, Civil Security Department and the National Cadet Corps.

The parade also featured combat vehicles from the three armed forces, with 22 retired officers and 29 disabled soldiers participating. The cultural parade added musical splendor to the event.

Noteworthy was President Wickremesinghe’s presence on the special stage until the parade’s end, paying respects to all the war heroes in attendance.

The celebration included an impressive air show, featuring F7 aircrafts displaying Sri Lanka’s air power and a showcase of naval power. A parachute show with thirty paratroopers representing the armed forces and police added to the festivities.

The global significance of the event was underlined by congratulatory messages from world leaders, including His Holiness Pope Francis, His Majesty King Charles III of the UK, His Majesty the Emperor Naruhito of Japan, President Joe Biden of the United States, President Vladimir Putin of Russia, President Xi Jinping of China, President Yun Suk Yeol of South Korea, President Droupadi Murmu of India, President Tharman Shanmugaratnam of Singapore, President of Libya Dr. Mohamed Y. AL-Menfi, Governor General of Australia General David Hurley as well as the President of Pakistan, President of Bangladesh, Amir of the State of Kuwait and other dignitaries.

The ceremony was attended by the Maha Sangha and religious leaders, Prof. Maithree Wickramasinghe, Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena, Cabinet Ministers, State Ministers, Provincial Governors, Members of Parliament, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand Phumtham Wechayachai along with the delegation from Thailand, foreign Ambassadors & High Commissioners. Notable attendees also included the Senior Advisor to the President on National Security and Chief of Presidential Staff Mr. Sagala Ratnayaka, Secretary to the President Mr. Saman Ekanayake, Secretary to the Prime minister as well as various government officials and war heroes.

The 76th Independence Day celebration in Sri Lanka was a spectacular display of national pride, unity and resilience, symbolizing a collective commitment to building a new and prosperous future.

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Why do Sri Lanka celebrate Independence Day?

Sri Lanka , a small island nation located off the southern coast of India , celebrates Independence Day on February 4th each year. This day marks the country’s independence from British colonial rule in 1948. The celebration of Independence Day is an important event for the people of Sri Lanka as it recognizes their nation’s hard-fought freedom and marks the beginning of a new era in the country’s history.

“Sri Lanka Independence Day”

Independence Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm and pride throughout Sri Lanka. The streets are decorated with national flags and banners, and people gather to participate in parades, speeches, and other patriotic events. Schools and government offices hold special ceremonies, while private organizations and businesses also take part in the celebrations.

One of the most significant events that take place on Independence Day is the raising of the national flag. This ceremony takes place at the Independence Memorial Hall in Colombo, the capital city of Sri Lanka. The flag is raised by the President of Sri Lanka, who then delivers a speech to the nation. This speech is broadcast live on national television and radio, and is widely listened to by people all over the country.

In addition to the flag raising ceremony, Independence Day is also marked by cultural and sports events. Many communities organize cultural shows and competitions, such as traditional dances, music performances and drama competitions, to showcase Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage. The day is also celebrated with sports events, such as cricket and football matches, to promote national unity and encourage healthy competition among the people.

Another important aspect of Independence Day celebrations is the emphasis on national unity. The day is a reminder of the importance of coming together as a nation, regardless of differences in ethnicity, religion or language. As the President of Sri Lanka Maithripala Sirisena said in his Independence Day speech in 2016, “Independence Day is not only a day to remember our past, but also a day to look forward to a brighter future for our country, united as one nation.”

Independence Day is also an opportunity for Sri Lanka to reflect on its past struggles and achievements, as well as its current challenges and opportunities. The country has come a long way since 1948, but there is still much work to be done to ensure a better future for all Sri Lankans. As the former Prime Minister of Sri Lanka, Ranil Wickremesinghe said in his Independence Day speech in 2018, “We must continue to strive for a prosperous and peaceful Sri Lanka, where every citizen has equal opportunities to succeed.”

Q: When is Sri Lanka’s Independence Day?
A: Sri Lanka celebrates Independence Day on February 4th each year.
Q: How does Sri Lanka celebrate Independence Day?
A: Independence Day is celebrated with great enthusiasm and pride throughout Sri Lanka. The streets are decorated with national flags and banners, and people gather to participate in parades, speeches, and other patriotic events. Schools and government offices hold special ceremonies, while private organizations and businesses also take part in the celebrations.
Q: What is the significance of raising the national flag on Independence Day?
A: The raising of the national flag is one of the most significant events that take place on Independence Day. The ceremony takes place at the Independence Memorial Hall in Colombo and is led by the President of Sri Lanka. The flag raising ceremony symbolizes the country’s freedom and marks the beginning of a new era in Sri Lanka’s history.
Q: What is the importance of national unity on Independence Day?
A: Independence Day is an opportunity for Sri Lanka to reflect on its past struggles and achievements, as well as its current challenges and opportunities. The day is a reminder of the importance of coming together as a nation, regardless of differences in ethnicity.

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76th National Independence Day Celebrations Proudly Led by President Featured

The parade also featured combat vehicles from the three armed forces, with 22 retired officers and 29 disabled soldiers participating. The cultural parade added musical splendor to the event.

Noteworthy was President Wickremesinghe’s presence on the special stage until the parade’s end, paying respects to all the war heroes in attendance.

The 76th Independence Day celebration in Sri Lanka was a spectacular display of national pride, unity and resilience, symbolizing a collective commitment to building a new and prosperous future.

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Full text of the speech made by His Excellency President Gotabaya Rajapaksa on 73rd Independence Day – February 4, 2021

Today marks the 73rd anniversary of our nation gaining independence from colonial rule. On this day we pay our respects to all the leaders from the Sinhala, Tamil, Muslim, Burgher and other sections of the population who made various sacrifices to win our independence.

I also pay my tribute to the brave war heroes who sacrificed their lives and underwent great hardships to preserve our nation’s independence and sovereignty.

We have faced many challenges as a nation in the 73 years since our independence. From time to time, we have had to face religious and ethnic conflicts, racist and terrorist activities, undue external influences, constitutional crises, and many other obstacles. The challenges of establishing national security, achieving true reconciliation amongst various communities of our nation, and building a strong economy that can deliver sustainable economic development and eliminate poverty still lie ahead of us.

At a juncture when our nation’s heritage, its traditions, its national identity and patriotism were under serious threat, more than 6.9 million people elected me as President to provide the leadership needed to reestablish national security and overcome the many challenges facing our country.

I am a Sinhala Buddhist leader and I will never hesitate to state so. I govern this country in accordance with Buddhist teachings. Within the Buddhist philosophic tradition of peaceful coexistence which gives due respect to all religions and ethnicities, every person in this country irrespective of his or her ethnic or religious identification has the right to enjoy the freedom as equals under the nation’s legal framework.

Traitorous elements always band together and seek to marshal domestic and foreign forces against the leadership that upholds indigenous way of life and country’s sovereignty. Such elements mislead the public through false propaganda in a subtle way. I request the people of our nation to always think critically before acting. If people make assessments based on facts and take decisions only after finding out the truth, no one will be able to mislead the public.

The public has given the current Government a mandate to execute the policies articulated in my vision statement “Vistas of Prosperity and Splendour”.

I have sworn as the nation’s leader to always protect our nation’s independence, unitary status, territorial integrity and sovereignty on behalf of our future generations. I will always uphold that pledge.

Sri Lanka is a democratic nation. Every citizen who lives in this country has equal rights. We reject any efforts to divide our citizens based on ethnic or religious reasons. We always strive to protect the fundamental rights and human rights of all our citizens, and always stand for the principle of one nation, one law.

We always respect the rule of law. The public has rejected the undue influence that was exerted on law enforcement agencies and the judiciary by politicians in the past. However, the public also expects fair, unbiased and efficient service from the officials who enforce the law. As such, I have advised the Attorney General’s Department to swiftly act upon matters that have caused great concern to the public, such as the Easter Sunday Attacks and the Central Bank scam.

I have now received the final report of the Presidential Commission appointed to inquire into the Easter Sunday Attacks. I have already given instructions to implement its recommendations. Simultaneously, taking into account the recommendations of the previous Parliament’s Sectoral Oversight Committee on National Security, action will be taken against all parties involved in this tragedy. We will not allow those responsible for designing and enabling this tragedy to escape justice. We will never allow extremism to raise its head again, in this country.

At a time when the entire world is in crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our country has had to face many challenges. For more than a year, the pandemic has posed serious obstacles to carrying out the development activities and for people of our country to lead a normal life.

Several countries have by now successfully developed vaccines for the COVID19 virus. I have requested the leaders of India, China and Russia to support Sri Lanka to swiftly obtain these vaccines. This matter has also been discussed with the World Health Organization. Accordingly, we have obtained one vaccine and have already started our vaccination programme. This vaccination programme will be carried out without any disruption.

An important lesson learnt by all nations faced with the prevailing global crisis has been the need for a strong domestic production base. This experience has further underscored the appropriateness and timeliness of our policy of strengthening domestic agriculture to ensure food security and self-sufficiency.

The stimulus provided through distribution of free fertilizer, raising the floor price of paddy to 50 rupees, striking off the debts of farmers, reconstructing thousands of irrigation tanks around the country, and the encouragement provided to home gardening and urban farming has revived the agriculture sector. We will act to further increase agricultural productivity through the infusion of new technologies. We are already seeing the benefits of strengthening farmers through managing import taxes to encourage the production of paddy, maize, grains, potatoes and onions; by limiting imports of products such as turmeric which can be grown domestically and by limiting the re-export of spices such as pepper. Domestic production has increased, and export opportunities have expanded.

I have always maintained that in order to strengthen farmers economically we must encourage them to become agricultural entrepreneurs. It is our aim to further develop and strengthen the domestic agriculture sector so that it becomes a significant foreign exchange earner.

We have not forgotten the importance of the industrial and service sectors in economic development. The Government has taken action to encourage these sectors through the provision of tax incentives and by reducing interest rates. A great improvement is already visible in traditional handicrafts such as batik, cane, clay and jewellery through the state ministries that were established for this purpose.

We have paid attention to provide entrepreneurs engaged in small and medium enterprises as well as those who are self-employed avenues in minimizing delays in various approvals they require, in helping them to access financing at single digit interest rates and in obtaining required training.

Providing stimulus to the construction industry has been shown to be a successful means of reviving stalled economies. Initiatives such as the 100,000 kilometer roads programme; the 10,000 bridges programme; the reconstruction of thousands of irrigation tanks around the country under the ‘Irrigation Prosperity’ programme; the programme to construct 14,000 houses under the theme of ‘one village, one house’; the creation of 100,000 housing units for middle income earners, low income earners and urban shanty dwellers; the programme to construct 4,000 houses for estate workers; and the construction of walkways for densely populated areas around the country will provide great benefits to the public at large whilst directly supporting the revival of the economy.

Amidst striving to develop the agriculture, industrial and service sectors to strengthen the national economy, we are also taking steps to minimize obstacles to the promotion of foreign direct investments. While our policy of not selling national economic hubs to foreigners remains unchanged, I trust that the public will critically assess the misinformation and misinterpretations being propagated by those with ulterior political motives to deter foreign investors from investing in Sri Lanka.

I have established a Presidential Deregulation Commission to change the outdated laws and regulations that affect the general public as well as the domestic and foreign companies. This long discussed but unimplemented activity has finally commenced. I believe that implementing the recommendations of this Commission will provide significant impetus to the country’s future economic development.

The 21st Century is considered as the Knowledge Century.

Human resources are extremely important to the development of the nation. The “Vistas of Prosperity and Splendour” policy statement articulates the need for educational reforms to foster a knowledgeable and skilled future generation.

Accordingly, a separate State Ministry has been created to undertake the reforms needed in the education sector. Two task forces have also been created to obtain specialist assistance for these reforms. The recommendations they have provided are already being implemented.

During the course of this year, the number of students gaining admission to universities will increase by 10,000, or 30 percent. Provisions have been made to double the number of students entering the state Technical Colleges from 100,000 to 200,000. Approval has been granted for the creation of a system of city universities catering to every district in order to increase the capacity of universities. We are acting quickly to implement recommendations for educational reforms. As a result, we anticipate that there will be an appreciable qualitative improvement in the education sector within the next few years.

In order to fulfil our economic ambitions in the modern world, we must foster a society familiar with technology. In order to compete in the future, the agriculture, industrial and service sectors will need to be infused with technology. To support this, we look forward to fostering a culture of technological innovation that will uplift the living standards of the people.

In accordance with the policies contained in the “Vistas of Prosperity and Splendour” vision statement, the Government will encourage innovation through the use of technology in both the public and the private sectors. With this in mind, a range of tax incentives has already been provided to the technology intensive sectors.

In recent weeks, I established a dedicated Ministry of Technology and brought it under my purview. Through this Ministry, due attention will be paid to developing the policies and legal framework required to improve the technology sector, as well as to simplify the functioning of the state sector and markets through the use of information technology as a tool for broader digital governance. Action has already been taken to create five technology parks with all facilities in five identified districts in order to encourage entrepreneurs and start-ups in the technology sector. We will have an opportunity to create a revival in the technology sector through such incentives.

I request the intelligent public to remember that all of this has been achieved in little over a year, whilst facing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic that has debilitated the entire world.

Our tourism industry earned approximately US$ 4.5 billion annually and provided direct and indirect employment to three million people. These people are now in great difficulty as they are unable to make a living from tourism. We need to find solutions for these people as soon as possible. As such, whilst strictly adhering to health recommendations, we have acted to restart the tourism industry in a phased manner.

I have always loved and respected the environment. In the past, whilst serving as the Secretary to the Ministry of Urban Development, I strove to protect the environment when undertaking such activities as urban beautification, urban development, and the creation of walking paths and urban parks. Today, too, our Government has paid particular attention to preserving the environment for future generations. What the creation of urban forests, designing of green cities, promotion of green businesses, undertaking of nationwide tree planting programmes, reconstruction of irrigation tanks and canals, recultivating of fallow paddy fields, promoting the use of organic fertilizer, and limiting the use of plastics demonstrate is the implementation of this sustainable environmental management policy.

The foundation of our citizen centric economic policy is that the true potential of the economy cannot be unleashed without economic freedom. To achieve the Government’s aims of eliminating poverty, providing equal opportunity for improvement of all citizens, and developing domestic businesses, we require a clean and efficient public service. The public service is a powerful, nationwide mechanism. This represents an opportunity that many countries in the world do not possess. Therefore, I expect this powerful mechanism to make a significant contribution to the national decision making process. However, I observe that weaknesses currently prevail in decision making at every level. Even on very simple institutional matters, I have observed that officials avoid making decisions and refer them to the Cabinet of Ministers. They expect advice from circulars for every activity.

They avoid taking decisions even within the limits of their authority. If we do not change this situation, it will be extremely difficult for us to take this nation forward.

The legal reforms necessary to protect those in the public service who take correct decisions are currently being formulated. I therefore request all those in positions of authority to ease the limitations and practices that obstruct the general public through the state administration.

I personally participate in the ‘Conversation with the Village’ programme because rural development is one of my Government’s priorities. The public administration system at both the District and Divisional level is extremely important to achieving the citizen centric economic development articulated in my vision statement “Vistas of Prosperity and Splendour”. There is a clear responsibility incumbent on everyone involved in this development process, from the Governors, District Secretaries, Divisional Secretaries and Public Health Officials, to officials such as Grama Niladharis, Samurdhi Officials, Agriculture Research and Production Assistants, Family Health Service Officials and Development Officials at the village level. They have all provided tremendous support in controlling the spread of the COVID-19 virus and in providing other essential services. Similarly, I look forward to the unstinted support of all public servants in successfully overcoming the challenges that confront us in terms of our economic development.

The political leadership has a grave responsibility not only on matters at the national level but also in rural development. We have instituted mechanisms to ensure the active participation of Cabinet and State Ministers, Members of Parliament, and Members of Urban and Municipal Councils in the development activities at District and Divisional levels.

Corruption and waste are significant obstacles to a nation’s development. We are setting an example to eradicate corruption and waste in the public administration. We will not be lenient on anyone who is found guilty of corruption or waste. However, one of the difficulties we face in preventing corruption is the indirect support given willingly or unwillingly by the public to such activities. I request the general public not to encourage corruption either directly or indirectly. If anyone is found to be engaging in corrupt practices, please inform the relevant authorities.

I invite everyone to join in a national effort to mobilize public opinion against corruption and waste. Our future generations too must be educated in this regard. I appreciate the support that is being extended by the media for this initiative.

Various parties claim that they worked to ensure my election as President. That may be true. People from every section of society gathered around me to support my campaign. I believe that the vast majority of these people did so not in search of personal benefits but because they expected me to serve the nation diligently. I am always prepared to fulfil the genuine expectations of the public that supported me with honest intent. However, I will never take decisions that will damage the country and to please those who seek gains for themselves personally or for their businesses.

Throughout history, strong civilizations were built and nations developed by those who worked on targets by looking positively towards the future. At this juncture, our nations’ development requires precisely that kind of vision.

No contribution can be expected from pessimists and those who do nothing but criticize the work of others. What we require today is the support of citizens with a positive vision, who love their country, who contribute to society, and who do not make unfair criticism but offers practical solutions to the issues we face.

We are committed to achieve the principle of the ‘productive citizen, happy family, disciplined and ethical society, and prosperous nation’. If the majority of citizens in this country provide their due contribution towards this, we can make this principle a reality. I therefore once again request all the citizens of this country to think positively and join with us to build the future for all our children.

I am the leader that you searched for. I will discharge the responsibility you have entrusted to me, with commitment and dedication. May the blessings of the noble Triple Gem be with you.

Contact Presidential Secretariat

Presidential Secretariat Galle Face Center Road Colombo 1 Sri Lanka +94 11 2354354 +94 11 2340340 [email protected]

Everything you need to know about: Sri lanka Independence Day

September 14, 2020

Celebrating independence from the UK is a major national event in Sri Lanka – here’s the political, social, and cultural lowdown on its significance

Sri Lankan Independence Day (February 4) is usually marked by a grand military parade in the capital of Colombo ; there are significant political speeches and ceremonies, followed by a festive series of cultural programs that highlight the best and brightest of Sri Lankan music, dance, food, and history. This is a nation-wide celebration, so no matter where you are on the island, you’re bound to catch a glimpse of regional pageants and festivities; travellers in Colombo will be able to get an up-close and personal view of the military parade, airshows, fireworks, ceremonial double-ended drums ( magul bera ), the chanting of the Jayamangala Gatha, and the President’s iconic flag-hoisting ceremony. The holiday is also known as National Day.

A brief history of Sri Lankan independence

Once known as Ceylon, Sri Lanka was a major economic hub and port for the British Empire, which granted it semi-independent ‘dominion’ status in 1948. Sri Lanka became a full republic on May 22, 1972 and is formally known as the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. The first Prime Minister of Sri Lanka was Don Stephen Senanayake, who is widely considered the Father of the Nation. In 1972, William Gopallawa became the first President of Sri Lanka, replacing the British Empire’s Governor. Independence Day is also observed by Sri Lankan diaspora communities in other countries, including Australia, Canada, Germany, Singapore, and the United States. (Fun fact: Sri Lanka had the first female head of government in the modern world, Sirimavo Bandaranaike, who was elected in 1960 and served for three terms).

What to expect

Bars, clubs, and liquor stores will be closed. Independence Day is considered to be an extremely important national holiday, which means that banks, post offices, and other public institutions won’t be open either, so plan ahead if you need anything official done. In the capital city, Colombo, traffic detours and road closures are also common during this period; leading up to February 4 – and of course, on the day itself – there are usually rehearsals held at Galle Face Green that cause road congestion along on Galle Main Road, from Colpetty Junction to the old parliament roundabout.

Locals in front of the Indra Wine Shop in Hikkaduwa, Sri Lanka.

Get ready for plenty of intricate, traditional dances, as well as music, and arts-and-crafts pageants all across the country – no matter where you are, locals will be celebrating with the best of Sri Lanka’s cultural offerings. On a local level, schoolchildren participate in elaborate drama and music competitions in tribute to Independence Day, usually with themes of unity and multiculturalism to represent Sri Lankan’s different demographics. This is an excellent time to experience the full spread of traditional Sri Lankan food, including favourites like kiribath (milk rice), varai (fritters), hoppers (thin, fermented rice-flour 'bowls'), and of course, the irresistible variety of Sri Lankan ‘short eats,’ or snacks.

Kiribath or milk rice is a traditional Sri Lankan food made from rice and coconut milk.

Galle Face Green

Galle Face Green is the usual site for Colombo’s Independence Day celebrations – this bustling 12-acre coastal park was once the site of cannon warfare between the Dutch and Portuguese; there are still historic cannons sitting along the beach (and a yearly Cannonball Run to commemorate an unfortunate misfiring in 1840). It features a 1.6km-long oceanside promenade and is considered to be the largest open-air space in Colombo. Everyday sights here include food and drink vendors, busy families, joggers, young people on dates, and kite-flying. Due to its location and size, Galle Face Green is also a popular site for major political rallies and civic events, although everyone tends to put their differences aside for Independence Day preparations. Today, it hosts an extravagant annual parade to pay tribute to the role of the military in Sri Lanka’s struggle for freedom, and its peaceful transition to independence.

Pre-parade religious ceremonies

Sri Lanka is home to several major religions, including Buddhism, Hinduism, Islam, Roman Catholicism, and other Christian denominations. Each community celebrates Independence Day by holding religious ceremonies at their respective temples and mosques during the week preceding February 4. Visitors in Colombo can observe the diverse, multicultural range of celebrations that includes Buddhist pirith chanting at Independence Square, and Hindu puja ceremonies at major kovils (temples).

Drum player at a colourful Hindu festival in Nainativu Nagapooshani Amman Temple in Sri Lanka

A united front

The annual military parade usually steals the spotlight, featuring a patriotic joint effort between the army, navy, and air force, as well as the police, Special Task Force, Civil Security Department, and National Cadet Corps. Parade-watchers can expect neat rows of infantry, armoured tanks, planes, helicopters, mounted cavalry, and navy craft. The President gives an annual address – considered a significant annual event for the country, in which he covers the nation’s past sacrifices and struggles – and leads a two-minute period of silence to commemorate past war heroes.

Photo 5: Independence Day parade rehearsal in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

The lighting of the lamp

Oil lamp lighting ceremonies are used to mark major events in Sri Lanka, and Independence Day is no exception. For many Sri Lankans, the oil lamp symbolises of a person’s journey through life, marriage (sometimes called ‘second life’), and ultimately, death. On a larger scale, lamp lighting often represents unity, which is deeply representative of Sri Lankans peacefully coming together to achieve independence from colonial rule. The National Museum of Colombo boasts a wonderful collection of oil lamps, which are often embellished with beautiful brasswork animals and other decorative details.

Exhibits inside the National Museum of Colombo in Sri Lanka

Flags, flags, and more flags

What else could be more symbolic of national pride than the hoisting of one’s national symbol? Expect to see the fluttering orange, green, and maroon flag – complete with a gold lion holding a kastane sword – adorning houses, businesses, and flagpoles. The three main colours of the flag represent the three main demographics in Sri Lanka – the maroon for the majority Sinhalese, the orange for Sri Lankan Tamils, and the green for Sri Lankan Muslims. The lion symbol dates back to 486 BC, when the first king of Sri Lanka, Vijaya, brought a royal standard with a lion from India to Sri Lanka.

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My country Sri Lanka My country is Sri Lanka. It is an island situated in the Indian Ocean. It is known as the ‘Pearl of the Indian Ocean’. It is a beautiful country. The largest river in Sri Lanka is the Mahaweli and the highest mountain is Piduruthalagala. The highest waterfall is Bambarakanda. The capital [...]

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Sunday, July 17, 2016

Kids Essays

The capital of my country is Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte and the commercial capital is Colombo. The president of my country is Hon. Maithripala Sirisena and the prime minister is Hon. Ranil Wickramasinghe.

Our national flag is called the Lion Flag. Our national flower is the Blue Water Lily, national tree is Na tree, national bird is the Jungle Fowl, national animal is the Giant Squirrel and our national sport is Volleyball. But Sri Lanka is famous for Cricket. The world’s best tea comes from Sri Lanka.

On February 4, 1948 Sri Lanka gained independence. Our national anthem is ‘Sri Lanka Matha’. The official languages in Sri Lanka are Sinhala, Tamil and English.

My country is a peaceful country where all the religions such as Buddhists, Christians, Muslims and Hindus all live in harmony. I am so proud to be a Sri Lankan. I love my motherland Sri Lanka a lot.

Naqeeb Shamroz (7 years) Zahira College, Colombo 10

My father My father’s name is Sampath. He is 35 years old. He has curly hair. He drops me to school. I love my father.

Pabalu Dikkumbura (6 years) Musaeus College

Myself My name is Thenulya. I am eight years old. I live in Maharagama. I study at Logos College. My favourite colour is pink. My best friend is Atara and I love to play with her. I have one sister and no brothers. My hobbies are drawing pictures and making models with clay. I love to eat chocolate cake and drink Milo. Out of all the countries I have visited, my favourite country is Dubai.

Thenulya Weerawardhana (8 years) Logos College

Ramazan Ramadhan is the month of fasting. Every Muslim of all ages takes part in the fast. Ramadan, the annual fast, falls in the ninth month of the Muslim calendar. Those who fast, must neither take food nor drink throughout the hours of daylight. Above all, they must keep away from things shameful, and telling lies.

Fasting can be a little difficult when it falls during summer. Though it will be a little difficult, a Muslim fasts joyfully in any season, obeying the orders of Allah. There are Muslims who love summertime fasting the most. There is a deep relationship between Ramadhan and the Holy Quran. Those who fast, turn again and again to the Holy Quran because Allah revealed it in the month of Ramadhan to our Holy Prophet Muhammed.

Shaifna Aroos (10 years) Ilma Int. Girls’ School

How could TV be better?

We all enjoy watching television. One of the main reasons which we watch television is to gain knowledge. Some knowledgeable channels are NatGeo, Discovery, NDTV Good times, NatGeo Geography etc. These channels are based on all about the world and types of people, natural disasters, ancient and historical places and many more.

There are also other useful as well as fun and interesting channels. For example, FoxLife is a channel which displays different types of food and recipes. They tell us about types of food eaten in various parts of the world. We as kids love watching animated programmes which can be found on Cartoon Network, Nickelodeon, Pogo and many more. We can watch cartoons such as Tom and Jerry which have a moral.

It teaches us not to fight and quarrel and instead to live in peace, friendship and harmony. News is one of the most important programmes that we must watch. We must make it a habit of watching at least one news episode a day as there are many news updates daily from early morning until midnight.

By watching these types of important programmes we can develop our brain and learn a lot about the world. We can also watch cartoon but not too much as it may affect our eyesight and brain.

Amal Gaffoor (11 years) Royal Institute Girls’ School

My best friend My best friend is Sandra. We both go to Kudapaduwa Sinhala Mixed School in Negombo. She is eleven years old. Her favourite food is grapes and her favourite colour is red. She has a pet dog. Her favourite subject is Science and she would like to be a teacher. Sandra likes to read English books. She has a very good heart. I love my best friend very much.

Anne Hansika (Grade 6) Kudapaduwa Sinhala M.S., Negombo

Importance of trees Trees are one of the most important things in the world. They give us shade. When we are going somewhere in the sun, when we are tired, we sit under a tree to rest. We choose a tree because it is shady. Trees give us food. We take fruits, vegetables, grains and green leaves from trees. We also eat roots like carrots, sweet potatoes, manioc and beetroot. Trees give us wood to make houses, buildings, furniture etc. The most important things is that they give us oxygen to breathe. Trees make our earth clean and beautiful. We must not cut trees. It takes only a few minutes to cut a tree but it takes years to grow.

Sanduni Jayathilake (Grade 7) Little Flower Convent, Bandarawela

The moon In the evening when the moon sets, The eyes of bats open wide. Children stop playing and go back home.

Shops are closed for the day, Darkness appears little by little And the night dominates.

Children go to sleep, At midnight thieves come to steal, But they cannot hide from the moon.

The sun rises and the children open their eyes Moon disappears and day begins.

Aysha Amani (Grade 5) Royal Int. School, Kegalle

An unforgettable trip We went on a trip to England for a few months. I had lots of fun while we were travelling. It was a great experience for us. We went there after two days. I was so excited. After we went there we had lots of fun playing tennis. Then at night we settled in a great five-star hotel. We had our dinner from that hotel. It was very delicious. Then in the morning we went to our uncle’s house. It was near the hotel. All of us went to Bits Park to play. We were very fortunate because it was winter season as well as snowy days. We made a snowman and played with snowballs. Then after a few days, my parents as well as my uncle entered me into a famous school in England. It is called ‘Richard Rose Morton Academy.’ It was a turning point in my life. I learned to speak English properly from my school. That’s why I respect my school. My life was changed from that day. I met a myriad of friends called Daisy, Molly and Kara. My sister and my brother also entered into a school. I have never seen snow before that day. We went to see a duck park. It was a fantastic park. That’s how I spent my trip. I can’t forget it forever.

Dilmi Nipuna (Grade 10) Tangalle B.V.

My hobby A hobby is nothing but to have a change in the routine work. It is a happy union of profit and pleasure. Hobby is also man’s past time. There are varieties of hobbies. My hobby is gardening.

I spend my leisure hours in my garden. My garden is in front of my house. I have prepared the flower beds and planted varieties of flowering plants. The plants give out a sweet scent in the evening. I love being in the garden and I watch the butterflies. I water the plants and enjoy the nature of the pure air in the evening. I water the plants twice a day during the summer. I dig out the withered plants and plant new ones.

I talk to the plants and sing to them. I feel as if my plants nod their heads in agreement. All plants are living things. My hobby gives me happiness and some exercise for my body. My hobby satisfies my inner urge and gets an emotional response.

S. Shimeshika (Grade 6) Tamil C.C., Bandarawela

My pet My pet is a dog. Its name is Blacky. It has four legs and a nice tail. It likes to eat meat. It likes to drink milk. My pet runs with me in the garden. My dog loves me and my mother. When I am going to school, he is looking at me. My brother loves my dog. He likes to jump. I have one small cat. When I am doing my homework it stays near me. I love my pet very much.

Julia (Std. 3) Jennings Int. College, Nainamadama

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The primary school students of gateway college staged their, cinnamon peelers.

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Home Sri Lanka Guardian Essays Sri Lanka at 76: Independence or in-dependence?

Sri Lanka at 76: Independence or in-dependence?

By Sri Lanka Guardian • February 03, 2024 • Essays feature Raj Gonsalkorale Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Guardian Essays • Comments : 0

The country’s public health system is in crisis, and so is the education sector. Poverty levels have increased, as has malnutrition, especially among children.

No territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom.
Territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned.
All people had a right to self-determination.
Trade barriers were to be lowered.
There was to be global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare.
The participants would work for a world free of want and fear.
The participants would work for the freedom of the seas.