research paper topics for cultural analysis

Top 200+ Engaging Culture Research Topics: Ideas to Explore

Culture is all about the beliefs, traditions, art, and ways of living that make up different groups of people worldwide. Cultural studies open up interesting paths for learning. Researchers can explore how people express themselves, their identity, and their interactions.

Cultural research gives a view into our diverse world, whether studying traditions over time, how cultures mix, or the impacts of globalization. This blog lists the top 200+ engaging cultural research topics from varied topics and perspectives to excite researchers, students, and anyone interested in exploring questions that highlight human cultural diversity.

Studying culture covers art, stories, social rules, beliefs, and how communities shape their environments. By exploring cultural research, we gain insights into shared experiences, histories, and worldviews that unite people and cultural uniqueness.

Researchers untangle complex threads weaving a culture’s identity and meaning through expressions like religion, language, food, and art.

As our world interconnects, understanding cultural differences grows important. Digging into these areas builds cross-cultural understanding, appreciates diverse views, and works towards inclusive societies.

This blog explores potential research paths, encouraging scholars and students to take learning journeys highlighting the rich tapestry of human cultures.

How Does Culture Impact Various Aspects Of Society?

Table of Contents

Culture deeply affects nearly every part of society. It influences how we interact, build communities, govern, teach, create art, approach healthcare, and make economic choices. Understanding the role of culture is key to analyzing social issues and dynamics.

Social Rules and Beliefs

Culture lays the foundation for the shared beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that define what is considered okay or not okay within a society. It shapes gender roles, communication styles, concepts of privacy, rules of politeness, and moral principles.

Family and Relatives

Cultural traditions largely decide family structures, parenting styles, marriage practices, and generational relationships. Rituals surrounding birth, becoming an adult, marriage, and death are deeply rooted in culture.

Education Systems

Cultural contexts and education philosophies heavily influence the subjects taught, teaching methods, classroom setup, grading approaches, and even the idea of learning itself.

Religious and Spiritual Beliefs

Culture and religion are closely linked, with faith and spiritual practices playing a profound role in an individual’s identity, worldview, ethics, and community connections.

Art and Stories

Creative expression through art, music, dance, folklore, and literature reflects a culture’s collective identity, history, and artistic values passed down over generations.

Food and Eating

Food is intimately tied to culture, with food traditions, ingredients, cooking methods, and dining customs reflecting agricultural practices, values, and social hierarchies.

Health and Medicine

Cultural backgrounds shape attitudes towards physical and mental health, preferred treatment methods, views on the human body, and institutional structures around healthcare delivery.

By understanding how culture underpins so many areas of society, we gain critical insights into resolving conflicts, bridging gaps between communities, and creating policies and initiatives that resonate across all groups of people.

Topical Diversity in Culture Research

Cultural research covers various fascinating topics and angles that give us insight into human societies worldwide. Researchers explore everything from the arts and traditions to belief systems, languages, social structures, etc.

Exploring Various Sides of Culture

Art and Creative Expression (music, dance, stories, visual arts, theater, etc.)
Traditions and Customs (holidays, rituals, milestone celebrations, folk practices)
Food and Eating Ways (ingredients, cooking methods, dining customs)
Language and Communication Styles
Clothing and Decorative Styles
Social Rules and Value Systems
Gender Roles and Family Structures
Spiritual and Religious Beliefs
Cultural Identity and Sense of Belonging

Different Ways to Study Culture

On-the-Ground Research: Observing and documenting cultural practices and perspectives firsthand by living in the community
Historical and Archaeological Study: Examining artifacts, records, and evidence to understand cultural evolution
Comparing Cultures: Identifying similarities and differences across cultures.
Sociological and Anthropological Views: Studying cultures through theoretical frameworks
Mixed Methods: Combining insights from fields like psychology, linguistics, economics, and more
Personal Stories and Oral Histories: Exploring culture through first-hand accounts and stories
Digital Research: Researching cultures and communities online and in digital spaces

By considering the diverse topics and varied approaches, cultural researchers gain a multi-angle understanding of the rich tapestry of human experience worldwide.

Recommended Readings: “ Top 201+ Narrative Project Ideas To Spark Your Creativity! “.

Top 200+ Culture Research Topics For Students

Here is the list of the top 200+ culture research topics, provided in different categories; let’s look.

Arts and Literature

Evolution of modern art movements.
Impact of digital technology on literature.
Representation of gender in classical literature.
Role of art in social change movements.
Cultural significance of traditional folk music.
Influence of literature on societal norms.
The intersection of art and politics.
Comparative analysis of different art forms.
Cultural implications of street art.
Depiction of war in literature and art.

Media and Communication

Effects of social media on cultural identity.
The portrayal of race and ethnicity in mainstream media.
The role of memes in contemporary culture.
Influence of advertising on consumer behavior.
Evolution of journalism in the digital age.
Cultural impact of reality TV shows.
Representation of the LGBTQ+ community in media.
Cultural appropriation in fashion and media.
Role of censorship in shaping cultural narratives.
The rise of streaming services and cultural consumption.

Language and Linguistics

Evolution of slang and its impact on language.
Language revitalization efforts and their effectiveness.
Influence of colonialism on indigenous languages.
Sociolinguistic variations in different cultures.
Language acquisition in multicultural societies.
Impact of globalization on language diversity.
Language and identity formation.
Cultural implications of bilingualism.
Role of language in preserving cultural heritage.
Linguistic relativity and cultural cognition.

Religion and Belief Systems

Rituals and ceremonies in different religions.
The role of religion in shaping moral values.
Impact of globalization on religious practices.
Interfaith dialogue and cultural understanding.
Evolution of religious art and architecture.
Influence of religion on political ideologies.
Religious syncretism and cultural fusion.
Sacred texts and their interpretation across cultures.
Secularization and its effects on cultural norms.
Religion and cultural conflicts throughout history.

History and Heritage

Cultural impact of colonialism and imperialism.
Oral history and its role in preserving culture.
Cultural significance of historical monuments.
Impact of migration on cultural identity.
Evolution of family structures over time.
Cultural exchange along ancient trade routes.
Archaeological discoveries and cultural insights.
Cultural legacy of ancient civilizations.
Historical trauma and its effects on culture.
Preservation of intangible cultural heritage.

Sociology and Anthropology

Cultural differences in concepts of beauty.
Social hierarchies and cultural stratification.
Cultural perceptions of mental health.
Gender roles and expectations in different cultures.
Cultural aspects of food and culinary traditions.
Rituals surrounding birth, marriage, and death.
Cultural expressions of love and intimacy.
Impact of globalization on cultural homogenization.
Cultural practices related to education.
Cross-cultural communication and misunderstandings.

Politics and Governance

Cultural factors influencing voting behavior.
Nationalism and its impact on cultural identity.
Cultural diplomacy and soft power.
Role of culture in international relations.
Cultural policies and government funding.
Indigenous rights and cultural preservation.
Cultural dimensions of conflict resolution.
Impact of authoritarian regimes on culture.
Cultural movements and political activism.
Cultural implications of refugee crises.

Technology and Innovation

Cultural attitudes towards emerging technologies.
Digital divides and cultural disparities.
Cultural appropriation in technology design.
Impact of AI on cultural production.
Virtual reality and cultural experiences.
Ethical considerations in technological advancements.
Technological innovations in cultural preservation.
Cultural resistance to technological change.
Cultural implications of genetic engineering.
Technological determinism and cultural evolution.

Education and Learning

Culturally relevant pedagogy in education.
Indigenous knowledge systems in education.
Role of cultural competence in teaching.
Cultural factors influencing learning styles.
Education and cultural reproduction.
Multicultural education and curriculum development.
Cultural barriers to access education.
Language diversity in educational settings.
Cultural perspectives on childhood and adolescence.
Impact of globalization on educational systems.

Identity and Diversity

Intersectionality and cultural identity.
Cultural assimilation versus cultural preservation.
Cultural hybridity and identity negotiation.
Cultural stereotypes and their impact.
Cultural identity and belonging in diaspora communities.
Cultural representations of disability.
LGBTQ+ rights and cultural acceptance.
Cultural dimensions of age and aging.
Cultural perceptions of beauty standards.
Ethnocentrism and cultural relativism.

Environment and Sustainability

Indigenous perspectives on environmental stewardship.
Cultural attitudes towards climate change.
Impact of consumer culture on the environment.
Traditional ecological knowledge and conservation.
Cultural practices promoting sustainability.
Environmental justice and cultural disparities.
Cultural dimensions of food security.
Indigenous land rights and cultural survival.
Cultural influences on consumption patterns.
Eco-tourism and cultural exchange.

Health and Wellness

Cultural variations in healthcare practices.
Traditional medicine and cultural beliefs.
The stigma surrounding mental health in different cultures.
Cultural factors influencing diet and nutrition.
Cultural representations of illness and disability.
Cultural rituals related to healing and well-being.
Access to healthcare in diverse cultural contexts.
Cultural attitudes towards body image and health.
End-of-life care and cultural practices.
Cultural barriers to health education and promotion.

Migration and Transnationalism

Cultural adaptation and acculturation processes.
Transnational communities and cultural exchange.
Impact of remittances on cultural dynamics.
Diaspora identities and cultural preservation.
Cultural challenges faced by immigrants.
Cultural hybridization in multicultural societies.
Cultural dimensions of refugee resettlement.
Transnational media and its cultural effects.
Cultural nostalgia and longing in migrant communities.
Cultural integration policies and their effectiveness.

Economics and Globalization

Cultural dimensions of economic development.
Globalization and cultural homogenization.
Cultural branding and marketing strategies.
Cultural industries and creative economies.
Cultural value chains and commodification.
Cultural entrepreneurship and innovation.
Cultural tourism and economic impact.
Intellectual property rights and cultural heritage.
Global supply chains and cultural production.
Cultural implications of income inequality.

Leisure and Recreation

Cultural significance of sports and games.
Festivals and celebrations across cultures.
Cultural norms surrounding leisure activities.
Tourism and cultural authenticity.
Cultural representations in entertainment media.
Indigenous forms of entertainment and recreation.
Cultural rituals of relaxation and rejuvenation.
Impact of technology on leisure habits.
Cultural perspectives on outdoor recreation.
The role of leisure in community building.

Family and Kinship

Cultural variations in family structures.
Cultural expectations of parenthood.
Intergenerational transmission of cultural values.
Cultural rituals surrounding marriage and partnership.
Cultural attitudes towards child-rearing.
Kinship systems and cultural identity.
Cultural perceptions of caregiving.
Family dynamics in multicultural households.
Cultural practices related to eldercare.
Cultural representations of family in media.

Urbanization and Urban Culture

Cultural diversity in urban environments.
Urbanization and the erosion of traditional culture.
Cultural gentrification and displacement.
Street art and graffiti as cultural expressions.
Cultural communities within urban spaces.
Urban legends and folklore.
Cultural aspects of urban planning.
Impact of migration on urban culture.
Cultural revitalization projects in cities.
Subcultures and countercultures in urban settings.

Governance and Policy

Cultural rights and human rights discourse.
Multiculturalism policies and their effectiveness.
Cultural diplomacy in international relations.
Cultural heritage preservation laws.
Indigenous land rights and sovereignty.
Cultural dimensions of public policy.
Cultural sensitivity training in government.
Cultural impact assessments in policy-making.
Cultural representation in political institutions.
Cultural heritage protection in conflict zones.

Memory and Commemoration

Cultural memory and collective trauma.
Commemorative practices and cultural identity.
Museums and cultural representation.
Oral history projects and cultural preservation.
Memorialization of historical events.
Cultural heritage sites and tourism.
Digital archives and cultural heritage.
Cultural monuments and their meanings.
Cultural responses to historical revisionism.
Rituals of remembrance in different cultures.

Cultural Capital and Social Mobility

Cultural capital and its role in social stratification.
Cultural barriers to upward mobility.
Cultural capital and educational attainment.
Cultural capital and access to resources.
Cultural capital and employment opportunities.
Cultural dimensions of social capital.
Cultural capital and political participation.
Cultural mobility and globalization.
Intergenerational transmission of cultural capital.
Cultural capital and urban development.
Cultural capital and well-being outcomes.

These topics cover various cultural aspects and can be a starting point for further research and exploration.

Tips For Choosing the Right Culture Research Topic

Picking a good topic is super important when researching culture. The topic you choose decides what your whole project will be about. If you pick the wrong topic, you might get bored or not learn anything useful.

But if you pick a cultural topic that interests you, your research will be more fun and valuable. With so many fascinating cultural issues, choosing just one to study can feel overwhelming. But by considering a few key points, you can find the perfect research topic that fits your interests, goals, and resources as a cultural researcher.

Pick a topic you’re genuinely interested in and passionate about. Your enthusiasm will make the research process much more engaging.
Consider cultural issues or phenomena that puzzle you, or you’ve personally experienced and want to understand better.
Look for gaps in existing research on cultural topics. Identifying an understudied area can make your work more novel and valuable.
Think about the practical applications of your research. Work that provides insights into reducing cultural misunderstandings or conflicts can greatly impact.
Choose a topic that is narrow enough to explore in-depth within the scope of your project yet still broadly relevant.
For a cross-cultural study, select cultures that provide an interesting contrast to compare and analyze.
Ensure you have access to the necessary data sources, whether archival materials, interview subjects, survey populations, etc.
Consider the ethical implications of your research, especially if studying vulnerable populations. Prioritize, not harm.

The right topic sparks your curiosity, fills a need, and is feasible to execute thoroughly and responsibly with your resources.

Trends To Come in Culture Research

Researchers are looking at lots of new and interesting cultural topics these days. Here are some of the latest areas scholars are studying when it comes to culture:

Culture and Technology Research Topics

How social media is changing cultural values and norms
Comparing how different cultures use and adopt new technologies
Whether technology helps preserve cultural traditions or makes them disappear
The rise of global digital cultures and subcultures online
Cultural impacts of artificial intelligence and automation

Environmental Culture Research Topics

What indigenous cultures know about living sustainably in the environment
How climate change is affecting cultural practices and traditions
Where environmental justice and cultural identity overlap
The role culture plays in environmental-friendly (or unfriendly) behaviors
Different cultural views on humanity’s relationship with nature

Contemporary Cultural Issues Research Topics

Cultural experiences of immigrants, migrants, and refugees
How popular culture (movies, TV, music, etc.) shapes cultural attitudes
The cultural side of social movements like #MeToo, Black Lives Matter, LGBTQ+ rights
Impacts of globalization on mixing and blending cultures
How culture factors into political conflicts and clashing worldviews

These new and emerging cultural topics give researchers a chance to learn things that are very relevant to today’s world.

How can I choose the right culture research topic?

Consider your interests, societal relevance, and the availability of resources. Choose a topic that resonates with you and contributes to existing discourse.

Are there any ethical considerations in cultural research?

Researchers must respect cultural sensitivities, obtain informed consent, and avoid misrepresenting or exploiting cultural practices.

Can I conduct cross-cultural research as an undergraduate student?

Absolutely! Cross-cultural research offers valuable insights and can be conducted at various academic levels with proper guidance and supervision.

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List of Interesting Cultural Research Paper Topics

Cultural research paper topics allow students to explore people’s historical aspects, actions, ideas, and narratives that they have copied or altered over time. People express their cultures via various symbols and language. Additionally, different aspects of culture affect people’s mindsets.

When pursuing cultural students, students write research papers, essays, and articles on varied topics. However, most learners struggle to select the best titles for their papers. That’s because the topic that a student selects influences the path they take when completing this assignment. For this reason, we’ve come up with this guide with a list of interesting cultural research topics for learners to consider.

Discover a vast array of captivating cultural research paper topics with the expertise of our professional dissertation writers . Our dedicated team is ready to assist you in selecting compelling topics and crafting high-quality research papers that meet the highest academic standards.

How to Choose Cultural Research Topics

The internet is awash with cultural research ideas from which students can choose what to explore. However, not every topic you come across will be suitable for you. For that reason, consider the following aspects when choosing your cultural topic for research.

Select a topic that meets your writing assignment requirements
Settle on a topic you find interesting
Pick a topic that meets the scope of your assignment

In addition to these criteria, check the available research to select a topic you will find sufficient information for before you start writing your paper. Also, brainstorm concepts and create a research question around the topic. Here are different categories of cultural research paper topics from which you can choose your favorite title.

Cultural Anthropology Research Topics

If you find cultural anthropology interesting, pick your topic from the following ideas.

How traditional food can reflect a nation’s history
Analysis of the refugees’ impact on the cultures of the European countries
How Christian traditions differ from one culture to another
How countries in the Soviet Union moved from communism
Effects of liberalism on the education system
Analysis of a communistic nation’s cultural values
Causes of political division in the United States
Why most people in the Netherlands love cycling
How people view the death concept in Africa
How the English language influences the American culture as the common language

Cultural Diversity Research Paper Topics

Perhaps, you’re interested in cultural diversity. In that case, consider these ideas for your research paper.

Analysis of cultural diversity’s role in schools
How cultural diversity influences modern society
How significant is cultural diversity in this century?
How multiculturalism and pluralism affect the American citizens’ lives
Psychological counseling associations to cultural diversity
How cultural diversity affects the medical industry
How migration affects cultural diversity of the Asian land
How cultural diversity affects people’s interactions
Demonstrating critical thinking with special attention to diversity and multicultural issues
Cultural diversity as a reason for not tolerating racism

Cross-Cultural Communication Research Topics

Cross-cultural communication is among fields with excellent topics for cultural research. Here are some of the best ideas in this field.

Approaches to cross-cultural information exchange
Practical cross-cultural dialogue strategies
Intercultural dialogue and translation
Teaching cross-cultural communication and culture
Cross-cultural information exchange artifacts
Factors enhancing cross-cultural dialogue competence
Cultural and health-related issues between ethnic minorities and healthcare providers
The adaptation of international students to American campuses
Low-context cultures versus high-context cultures- Cross-cultural perspective
Assessing cross-cultural effectiveness

Cultural Psychology Research Topics

If interested in cultural psychology research, consider these ideas for your papers and essays.

How cultural psychology has evolved over the years
How cultural psychology affects diversity
Filial piety and personality among the British citizens
Impacts of famous artists on the global culture
Impacts of COVID-19 on the US political atmosphere
Comparing women’s emotions and gender stereotypes as exhibited by men’s superior thinking
Influences of cross-cultural psychology
Social and self behavior among the United States’ Red Indians
Analyzing the unemployed graduates’ experiences in the United Kingdom
How parenting stress relates to the stigma of a mother with an autistic child

Cross-Cultural Research Topics

Cross-cultural research paper topics cover psychological behavior and processes across different cultures. Here are topic samples in this category.

Communication styles among different cultures
How attitudes towards conflicts differ among cultures
How people from different cultures approach the same task differently
How different cultures approach knowing
Why humans should respect and work with people from different cultures
The attitudes of different cultures towards disclosure
How decision-making styles differ among cultures
How non-verbal communication promotes a culture
What determines business communication across cultures?
How history and social organization affect modern society

Cultural Studies Research Paper Topics

When pursuing cultural studies, writing research papers is unavoidable. Here are cultural research paper topics to consider for your papers and essays.

How stigma affects the efforts to prevent sexually transmitted diseases from spreading
Challenges encountered by people with social disorders and anxiety
How films influence the audiences’ cultures
How songs promote feminism
Coping mechanism for culturally different people
How cultural studies facilitate the promotion of brands in global markets
How people perceive the old and the youths in their cultures
How cultural studies can help in promoting businesses internationally
Cultural traits exhibition in exotic and indigenous animals
Influence of associating with a particular language on a person’s culture

Cultural Geography Research Topics

Cultural geography focuses on cultural changes in various geographical settings. Here are topics to explore in this category.

Explaining the cultural concept
Analyzing a culture area and the culture itself
Analysis of cultural landscapes
Cultural ecology and culture history
Focusing on the institutions
Understanding cultural geography
The history of cultural geography
Understanding feminist geography
Explain the evolution of urban geography
Analysis of the geography of space and sexuality

Chinese Cultural Research Topics

Are you interested in studying Chinese culture? If yes, this list has the best cultural topics for research paper that you can explore.

Evaluating Cultural Revolution in China
The Chinese government and Tibet
Culture-bound psychiatric syndromes in China
The Chinese culture and silk road
Cross-cultural competency in China
How culture influences the Chinese politics
Effects of Buddhism on the Chinese culture
Chinese medicine and culture
Childhood illness treatment in traditional China and religion
The cultural perspective of the human stomach in China

Research Topics on Community-Centered Cultural Adaptation

Are you interested in community-centered cultural adaptation research? If yes, here are topics to consider for your papers.

Stage-setting and professional consultations for cultural adaptation purposes
Preliminary cultural content adaptation
Iterative cultural content adaption with members of the community
Cultural adaptation with meetings and community feedback
Role of language during cultural adaptation
The concept of cultural adaptation
Factors that limit community-centered cultural adaptation
How conflict of interest can hinder community-centered cultural adaptation
How gender influences community-centered cultural adaptation
How to enhance community-centered cultural adaptation

Cultural Analysis Topics for Research

Perhaps, you’re interested in analyzing a cultural aspect or phenomenon. In that case, consider these ideas for your research paper.

Analysis of cultural phenomenon in your community
Analyzing the influence of TikTok on local culture
Analysis of “the dab” popularity
Analyzing the effects of bandwagon on the culture
Analysis of the normalization of the holocaust in some cultures
Analyzing religious beliefs as a cultural phenomenon
Analyzing the popularity of sitcoms
Analyze the fan base of your favorite celebrity
Analysis of social media as a cultural phenomena
Analyzing cross-cultural fashion trends

Cultural Analysis Essay Topics

If interested in analyzing the culture, pick the idea to write about in this list.

Analyzing drug use by sportspeople
Analyzing homelessness in America
Communication differences between males and females
Analyzing obesity trends across age brackets
How sports influence culture
Analyzing multicultural identity
Analysis of modeling and body size aspects of a culture
Effects of multicultural families on the involved parties
Analysis of gender role changes over time
How being raised by a single parent affects a child- A cultural perspective

Unique Cultural Analysis Paper Topics

Are you looking for a unique topic for cultural research? If yes, this section has a good idea for you.

Why are cultural studies essential?
How society treats people based on their cultures
How the minorities cope in a different culture
How feminism affects the culture
How isolated communities can conserve their cultures
How religion influences culture- Use the Muslim community as a case study
Describe the cultural commonalities among human beings
Explain the correlation of sex and attitude as cultural tools
The influence of associating with a particular language on a person’s culture
How exotic and indigenous groups exhibit cultural differences

Pick your topics from this list and then take your time to develop them through research to come up with solid papers or essays that will earn you the top grades.

Frequently Asked Questions

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151 interesting cultural analysis topics for students.

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As a broad concept, cultural analysis is an area of study that looks at the social and cultural aspects of everyday living and life in general. It focuses on the analysis of all the ways we develop interactions and relations with human society.

When writing a cultural analysis paper, students should remember that it affords them an excellent opportunity to explore various experiences through their chosen cultural themes.

Students are often assigned cultural analysis paper writing in school because it serves to conduct extensive research. Through selected topics and research, students are enabled with the ability to analyze global topics, investigate topics on various issues, as well as to understand the significance of different cultural backgrounds.

When assigned to write a cultural analysis essay, the first approach is to research topics filled with rich experiences and ideas, as this gives you room for so many things to write on. While writing your cultural essay, your abstract, introduction, main body, and conclusions are relevant. For more context, your article has to be detailed, flowing seamlessly for easy reading and understanding.

Interesting Analytical Essay Topics for Students

When writing an analytical essay paper, emphasis is paid majorly on the topic you are selecting because your topic affords you the level of depth necessary to carry out the needed analysis. Analytical topics writing demands interesting analytical topics to come out well. Here are some analytical essay topics to consider for your essay writing assignment:

Analyze the impact of religion on our thinking and perception of life
Analyze the core distinction between Islam and Christianity
Write extensively on the health importance of Marijuana
How is technology influencing human inertia
What is the cultural symbolism of Halloween
Analyze the effect of the Spooky season over time
Explore the origin story of Halloween
Explore the social impacts of religious doctrines and how it impedes growth
Analyze the limitations of spiritual principles and how they negatively impact social life
Analyze the importance of self-care practice to developing one’s mental health
Analyze the effect on cultural differences and how it affects people’s perception of various subjects
Analyze fast fashion as an unsustainable social lifestyle
Effects of fast fashion on an economy
Explore ways through which the social impact of fast fashion can be curbed
Analyze the importance of therapy and why it’s essential for better mental health
What factors promote peace and unity in multicultural states
Why does Christianity frown on intermarriage between Christians and Muslims
Exploring the limiting social and cultural beliefs of Christianity
Exploring the cultural limitation of religion
Analyze in well-constructed details the modern-day effects of slavery
Analyze how technology is taking over the educational sector
Explore the benefits of marketing beyond digital marketing

Critical Analysis Essay Topics for College Essays

There is a significant distinction between analysis paper topics and critical analysis topics. It is in its complexity. Your analysis topic changes shape the moment it requires you to carry out criticism. In this situation, your work on the topic moves beyond analyzing the work but also mirroring your work from a critical lens. In your critical analysis essay, you are not just exploring but picking up salient points and facts to help you form a solid judgment.

Exploring in detail the inherent racism of the Olympics
Exploring misogyny, misogynoir and racism in the entertainment industry
A critical outlook structural racism
Ways through which the implementation of gender roles confines genders in boxes
A look into how excessive video game impacts health
Exploring how video games influence children’s mental health
A look into addiction, how it affects a system, and possible ways through which it can be curbed
An exploration on how technology impacts educational growth
Critically evaluate the pros and cons of the gradual decline of traditional learning and the burgeoning development of online learning
Assess the benefits of single-parent families
Critically evaluating the effects of global warming
A look into how social media promotes freedom of speech
Exploring in detail the importance of virtual communities
Atheism: a form of religion on its own?
Veganism and its social effect on healthy living
Anti-drug campaign and the study of drug abuse and addiction
Critical research on the concept of body positivity
Interracial marriages and the origin of its social perception
Inter-religious marriage and the challenges associated with it
Study into the inherent nature of homophobia in the human society
A study into how homophobia and religion connect
The distinction between the positive and negative impacts of social media in young adults.

Good Cultural Criticism Essay Topics to Explore

As an integral part of human living, culture is multifaceted. What this entails in any essay writing or criticism through a cultural lens is that there are many subjects to touch on. To conduct and write a good essay on this topic, attention should be drawn towards exploring the complexity of culture and the various dimensions of living. Here are some cultural criticism topics to look into:

The history of racism and how it has continued to affect healthy coexistence in Western societies
Understanding the limitations of religion
A look into the distinction between spirituality and religion
A study of the history of the Olympics and its impacts on sports over the years
A survey of literature and how it impacts various aspects of human lives
Critical analysis on the subject of black hair
How safe abortion ban translates to dictatorship
Dictatorial tendencies prevalent with Western philosophies and ideas
The cultural impact of Brexit on Europe
The cultural impact of Brexit on the United Kingdom
Critically evaluating structural racism in the workplace
A study of overt and implicit racism
Analyzing the influence of colonial rule on Africa
How imperialism morphs into new slavery
Exploring the concept of ethnicity
The cultural impact of literature
Analyzing the role of literature in shaping human consciousness
A study of misogyny and how it affects human relationships
Analysis of the cultural aspects within the literature
A study of the importance of situating a literary work within a cultural context
Importance of cultural context in writing
Exploring literature from a cultural lens

Controversial Cultural Analysis Essay Topics

Your cultural analysis essay topics will differ slightly from your critical analysis topic. Unlike your critical analysis paper, the cultural analysis only requires that you situate your topic within a cultural context and does not require the bringing up and exploration of facts. It just simply requires you to analyze your topic within a cultural context.

Discuss the impacts of Interracial marriages
Discuss the strength and weaknesses of inter-religious marriages
A study on the popularity of Tiktok today
A study on how Tiktok culture has influenced music promotion
How Tiktok and Instagram Reels is rewriting the terms of social engagement
Does social media have an impact on culture?
The cultural effect of fast fashion culture
A study of the social preference of Ape products
A study on the weakness and strengths of Apple products
What Apple products have to say about capitalism
The effects of television on society
How Television sitcoms have effects on culture
A discussion on how TV builds and promotes the culture
The importance of representation in popular culture
The influence of classical literature on life to date
The cultural impacts of social media trends
Effects of classical movies today
Social media blackout: How social media blackout has been ingrained into society
A cultural analysis of social media in creating bandwagons
Exploring the impact of psychology on culture
The cultural implications of following trends
Elaborate on social media herd culture

Exceptional Literary Analysis Essay Topics for your Quality Essays

Just like in culture analysis essay topics, in literary analysis essay topics, the goal is to situate your essay topic within an academic context. It means that what you’re writing and what you’re going to write on must be drawn from a literary work. Here are some topics that fit within the category:

A study of the symbolic nature of the “green light” in the Great Gatsby
Understanding ethnicity within literary work of Langston Hughes
The cultural impact of James Baldwin’s literary works
The Harlem Renaissance literature and how it shaped the future of literature in America
The symbolic depiction of the title “The Invisible Man” from Ralph Ellison’s Invisible Man
Discuss Queerness through the study of Giovanni’s Room by James Baldwin
An intensive review of the negro movement through the works of W.E.B Dubois.
A comprehensive literary analysis of Double Consciousness by W.E.B Du Bois
From a cultural perspective, a literary analysis of Audre Lorde’s collection of essays I am your Sister
The continued relevance of Jane Austen’s literary works to date
A realistic study of D.H Lawerence’s Lady Chatterley’s Lover
Explore the concept of realism and romanticism in the novel Jane Eyre
The social relevance of James Baldwin’s Just Above my Head
Social implications of Toni Morrison’s Sula
An overview of the racist connotation in Joyce Cary’s Mister Johnson and Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness.
Detail how The Great Gatsby pictures came to be in the 1920s America.
A cultural analysis of Bell Hooks All About Love
The cultural impact of black literature
A literary study of Samuel Selvon’s Ways of Sunlight
A cultural analysis of Edwidge Danticat’s Breathe, Eyes, Memory
The Societal relevance of Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women

Textual Analysis Essay Topics on Engrossing Subjects

A textual analysis essay looks into the analysis of the writing technique of an author. The student pays attention to the language of the literary work and, in turn, draws out ideas from it to elaborate on the inherent message of the work or how the author’s language influences ideas. All of this is done using the student’s thoughts. Here are some topics within this category.

Analyze the plays written by William Shakespeare
Analyze the recurring theme within the various works of James Baldwin
Discuss the theme of “the American Dream” that is prevalent within The Great Gatsby
The theme of race and hardship in Lorraine Hansberry’s A Raisin in the Sun
The theme of a quest for belonging in Langston Hughes’s poem I Too
A textual analysis of James Baldwin’s Another Country
The exploration of the effects of racism in James Baldwin’s Go Tell it on the Mountain
A study on the subject of marriage in the 19 century through Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice
Write a textual essay on any literary work of choice
Write a textual analysis of any artwork of choice
Analyze the characters in Baldwin’s Another Country
A textual analysis of Alice Walker’s The Color Purple
A textual analysis essay on the New Testament
Analyze the characterization in any selected literary text of choice
Write an analysis of any of Obama’s past speeches
A textual reading of the work of Alice walker
A study of the writing style and identity representation in Toni Morrison’s works.
The use of language to draw attention in Toni Morrison’s novels
The use of language to compel action in the literature of the Harlem Renaissance
Write an essay on the importance of Zora Neale Hurston’s works
A textual study of James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time

Critical Response Essay Topics for Study

A critical response essay is a more in-depth version of a textual analysis essay. Although you’re summarizing and analyzing the author’s works, at the same time, you’re making critical remarks and arguments through the various points you earn by highlighting outstanding things from the work. Here are some of them:

Jane Austen literature is as relevant today as in the 19th century
A study of salient points highlighted from Baldwin’s essay The Fire Next Time
Write a critical personal response to F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby
Write a critical personal analysis on selected Obama’s speeches.
Using contemporary measures in the study of The Merchant of Venice
Critical analysis of Alice Walker’s inclusion of lesbianism in The Colour Purple
The portrayal of society in Oliver Twist
The exploration of human desires in Lady Chatterley’s Lover
A response to the depiction of black lives in Mister Johnson
How care is portrayed in Audre Lorde’s The Cancer Journals
A critical analysis of Audre Lorde’s poem “A Litany for Survival.”
A critical overview of the role of art in human lives
A study of how literature influences the perception of reality
An analysis of the cultural context of literary works
A critical response to the need for representation in literature
The impact of art on revolution
A critical study of revolutionary art
An analysis of identity politics in literature
Study of race relation in The Fence
A critical overview of Toni Morrison’s Beloved
The study of the cultural impact of revolutionary literature.

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Cultural Research Paper Topics: Exploring Heritage and Society

Culture is interconnected and ever-changing. It influences how we think, behave, and interact with everything around us. It is also a significant source of variation, as various cultures have varying values, beliefs, and practices.

Understanding different cultures is more important than ever in today’s globalized world. Cultural research can aid in creating a more inclusive and tolerant society by bridging cultural divisions.

Through a range of cultural research paper themes, such as pop culture essay topics , this article investigates the characteristics of human civilizations and diversity. These issues cover everything from the significance of culture in developing human identity to the influence of cultural variety on disagreements and partnerships.

How to Choose Research Paper Topics about Culture?

Culture is a vast and complex topic, so it can be difficult to choose a research paper topic that is both interesting and manageable.

Listed are a few tips for choosing research paper topics about culture:

Consider your own interests

What aspects of culture are you most interested in? What do you know a lot about? Choosing a topic you are interested in will make the research process more enjoyable and rewarding.

Consider your target audience.

Who is going to read your paper? What background in culture do they ask for? Choosing a topic that is intriguing and helpful to your readers will improve the quality of your paper.

Conduct preliminary research .

Once you’ve developed a few concepts, perform some early research. This will assist you in selecting your topic and figuring out the sources you will use.

Make it specific .

To what extent do you want the subject to go? A broader topic will allow you to examine more facets of culture, though it will also be more difficult to investigate.

Consult with your lecturer.

Talk to your professor if you need help deciding on a cultural research topic. They can assist you in filtering your alternatives and selecting the best topic for you.

List of Interesting Culture Topics to Write About

Culture is a diverse and intriguing subject that may be approached from various perspectives. There are several interesting cultural research topics to write about, ranging from multiple civilizations’ history to culture’s influence on the arts and media.

This list is an excellent place to begin if you’re looking for fascinating cultural research topics to write about.

Cultural Anthropology Research Topics

The study of human societies and their traditions is known as cultural anthropology. Cultural anthropology research subjects might range from the study of distinct civilizations to the study of cross-cultural comparisons. These subjects in anthropological perspectives go into the cultural practices, rites, and norms of multiple cultures across all nations worldwide. They may include studies on kinship systems, gender roles, religious ceremonies, language development, and cultural adaptation.

Some examples of cultural research topics include;

Cultural Adaptation and Assimilation of Immigrants in Modern Society
The Impact of Globalization on Indigenous Cultures and Traditional Knowledge Systems
Cultural Expressions and Identity Formation Among Marginalized Communities
The Role of Rituals and Ceremonies in Shaping Cultural Beliefs and Practices
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Gender Roles and Sexuality
Cultural Responses to Environmental Change and Sustainability
The Influence of Technology on Cultural Performance and Communication Process
Cultural Perspectives on Healthcare Practices and Healing Rituals
Cultural Preservation and the Role of Museums in Safeguarding Intangible Heritage
Comparative Study of Cultural Practices Related to Death and Mourning

Cultural Psychology Research Paper Topics

Cultural psychology research paper topics focus on the intersection between culture and human psychology. These subjects explore how cultural factors shape our thoughts, emotions, behaviors, and mental processes.

By examining these topics, researchers aim to unravel the complex interplay between cultural psychology, shedding light on the cultural influences that shape our individual and collective experiences.

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Cultural research topics in this section are:

Cultural Variations in Cognitive Processes and Perception
The Influence of Culture on Personality Development and Individual Differences
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Emotion Expression and Regulation
Cultural Factors in the Development and Treatment of Mental Disorders
Cultural Influences on Parenting Styles and Child Development
Cultural Variations in Moral Reasoning and Ethical Decision-Making
The Role of Cultural Narcissism in Shaping Attitudes and Behaviors Towards Authority
Cultural Differences in Motivation and Achievement
The Impact of Acculturation and Bicultural Identity on Psychological Well-Being
Cultural Factors in Intergroup Relations and Prejudice

Socio-Cultural Essay Topics

Socio-cultural topics explore a wide range of issues related to society and culture. The essays in the socio-cultural context examine the relationship between humanity and culture. Research topics in this field can range from the study of social institutions to the norms and values of cultural studies.

Among the possible cultural research topics are:

The Societal Fabrication of Race and Its Consequences for Identity and Inequality
Mass Media’s Involvement in Creating Cultural Norms and Values
Perspectives on Economic Disparity and Hardship From a Socio-Cultural Perspective
Social Media’s Influence on Interpersonal Relationships and Self-Esteem
The Impact of Cultural Diversity on Academic Success in Schooling
Socio-Cultural Variables Influence Health Inequalities and Access to Healthcare
Religious Beliefs Influence Societal Attitudes and Behaviors
Migration and Refugee Integration Have Socio-Cultural Elements
Cultural Phenomena Influence Environmental Views and Sustainable Practices
Race, Class, and Gender Intersectionality in Human Beings’ Socioeconomic Inequity

Cultural Diversity Research Topics

This area of study may investigate the impact of cultural diversity on healthcare inequalities, the role of cultural characteristics on psychological outcomes, or the efficacy of ethnically customized therapies in enhancing patient care and health results.

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Being aware of various cultural aspects is essential for establishing inclusive and equitable healthcare systems that meet the specific requirements of varied groups.

The following are some cultural research topics to write on:

The Effect of Cultural Diversity on Workplace Efficiency and Fulfillment
The Impact of Ethnic Diversity on the Medical Industry and How Patients Respond
Investigating the Importance of Cultural Phenomenon in Developing the Education System and Practices
Cultural Diversity’s Impact on Team Dynamics and Collaboration in a Social Organization
Cultural Diversity and Its Consequences for International Advertising Tactics
The Link Between Cultural Diversity and Technological Innovation
Understanding the Upsides and Challenges of Cultural Diversity in a Multicultural Society
The Influence of Cultural Competence on Conflict Resolution and Peacebuilding Initiatives
Multicultural Diversity’s Impact on National Identity and Social and Emotional Development
Investigating and Preserving Native Culture Uniqueness

Cross-Cultural Research Paper Topics

Intercultural studies compare and analyze different cultures and their effects on many parts of society. Exploring disparities in healthcare beliefs and practices, investigating the efficacy of cross-cultural perspectives in hospital settings, or researching the influence of globalization on cultural practices and medical behaviors are all possible research subjects.

Cultural studies facilitate competence in healthcare and ensure culturally sensitive and effective care to individuals from a particular culture.

Writing a very good research paper is tedious, so you may need to find the best research paper topics to get ideas flowing.

Cultural research paper topics in this category include:

A Comparative Analysis of Cross-Cultural Business Communication Across World Culture
Cross-Cultural Communication Challenges and Strategies in International Business Negotiations
The Impact of Cross-Cultural Interactions on Intercultural Competence Development
Economic Classes in Parenting Styles and Their Effects on Child Development
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Sexually Transmitted Diseases Stigma and Its Implications for Non-verbal Communication
Exploring Cross-Cultural Fashion Trends Variations and Experiences of Beauty and Body Image
The Influence of Culture on Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Environmental Sustainability
Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Aging and Elder Care Practices
Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology in Ethical Decision-Making Processes
The Role of Western Culture History in Shaping Attitudes Towards Gender and Sexuality

Art Culture Research Topics for Assignments

The intersection of art and culture provides a rich landscape for research. Research in this field contributes to our understanding of art’s therapeutic and cultural significance and highlights its potential as a tool for healing, self-expression, and cultural values.

Potential cultural research paper topics are:

The Influence of Ancient Art on Contemporary Artistic Expressions
Exploring the Cultural Significance of Street Art and Graffiti in Urban Environments
Female Culture in Art Throughout Ancient Britain
Art as a Form of Cultural Resistance and Social Activism
Analyzing How Traditional Food Reflects the Cultural Heritage
Cultural Appropriation Versus Cultural Appreciation in Art and Its Ethical Implications
The Intersection of Art and Technology: Exploring Digital Art and Its Cultural Implications
The Importance of Museums in Maintaining and Displaying Various Works of Art and Cultural Artifacts
The Study of How Art Reflects and Affects the Stories of Culture
Therapeutic Art as a Technique for Boosting Mental Health and Well-Being Across Different Cultures

Good Essay Topics about Culture

Culture is an enthralling and varied part of human society. Cultural essay topics include customs, cultural interchange, cultural identity, cultural appropriation, and cultural preservation. Exploring these themes provides a more in-depth understanding of the values, religious practices, cultural clashes, and conventions that define different cultures.

The following are the best cultural studies selections in this category:

Globalization’s Influence on Indigenous Cultural Practices
A Critical Appraisal of Cultural Theft
The Impact of Cultural Background on Individual Growth
Language’s Impact on Cultural Norms and Values
Issues and Benefits of Preserving Cultural Diversity in the Workplace
A Systematic Examination of Gender Roles and Cultural Expectations
Protection of Historic Resources in the Face of the Modern World
Finding an Equilibrium Between Cultural Integration and Maintaining Culture
Gender Stereotypes and Their Effects on Intercultural Relationships
The Influence of Pop Culture on Societal Norms and Values

Topics on Globalization

The process of globalization has changed the global culture into an interlinked village. Globalization essay themes can cover a wide range of issues, including its influence on economics, politics, technology, interpersonal relationships, and cultural interaction in modern society.

Evaluating globalization’s good and bad consequences, investigating its place in influencing global politics, and debating the difficulties and possibilities it brings may provide significant insights into the complex dynamics of our increasingly linked world and mitigate cultural ignorance.

Among the more intriguing cultural research topics include:

The Impact of Economic Globalisation on Developing Countries
Viral Diseases Spread and Globalization
Multinational Corporations’ Role in Globalization
The Impact of Globalisation on Isolated Communities
Cultural Diversity Versus Globalization in a Modern Society
Environmental Sustainability and Globalization
Globalization and Trends of Labor Migration
Globalization’s Political Implications
The Age of Technology and Its Impact on Globalization
The Growth of Global Governing Institutions Is a Result of Globalization

American Culture Research Paper Topics

The richness and diversity of American culture make it an appealing subject for study. American culture research paper topics may include the global impact of American pop culture, the development, and history of American cuisine, the representation of American identity in movies and novels, the impact of immigration on modern United States society, or the part of Christian traditions in defining American and African culture.

Popular cultural research topics include:

American Political Culture’s Development
The Influence of Hollywood on American Culture
The Role of Mass Media in Shaping American Societal Norms
The Impact of Immigration on American Cultural Diversity
American Exceptionalism: Myth or Reality?
American Pop Culture and Its Consequences
The History and Significance of Jazz Music in African Culture
The Portrayal of Race and Ethnicity in American Pop Culture
The Influence of American Literature on National Identity
The American Dream: Its Changing Meaning and Societal Implications

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373 Culture Research Topics & Ideas for Essays and Papers

18 January 2024
13 min read

Culture research topics include various human behaviors and beliefs, offering a deep dive into societal norms, values, traditions, and symbols that have shaped and continue to shape civilizations across time and space. Themes encompass many areas, such as linguistics, anthropology, sociology, psychology, history, and arts. Topics also may include investigating the effects of globalization on indigenous cultures, the role of pop culture in shaping societal values, impacts of cultural assimilation, or tracing the evolution of language in a particular region. Studies in this field illuminate the tapestry of human existence, providing rich insights into unique human histories. Thus, culture research topics are not only intrinsically fascinating but also have crucial implications for policy, education, and understanding of identity, community, and coexistence in an increasingly diverse and interconnected world.

Hot Cultural Topics

Unearthing Indigenous Histories Through Technology
Cryptocurrency’s Influence on Art and Culture
Ethical Dilemmas in Genomic Data Sharing
The Intersection of Environmentalism and Fashion Trends
Debating Authenticity in Social Media Influencer Culture
Exploring Minority Representation in Hollywood
Augmented Reality as a Cultural Experience
Redefining Gender Norms in Video Gaming
Street Art as a Political Commentary
Future of Libraries in the Digital Age
Culinary Trends Sparked by Plant-Based Movements
Cultural Shifts in Privacy Perception Post-Social Media
Language Preservation in a Globalized World
AI and the Transformation of Creative Industries
Mental Health Narratives in Popular Music
Eco-Cities: Blending Urbanism and Sustainability
Cross-Cultural Understanding Through Travel During Pandemic
Consumerism and Minimalism: Contrasting Cultural Phenomena
Unconventional Family Structures in Contemporary Literature
Futurism in Architectural Design and Cultural Identity

Culture Research Topics & Ideas for Essays and Papers

Easy Cultural Essay Topics

Influence of Digital Art on Cultural Identity
Food Traditions as Cultural Symbols
Relationship Between Language and Cultural Heritage
Rise of E-Sports and Its Cultural Significance
Virtual Reality in the Realm of Cultural Preservation
Social Media as a Tool for Cultural Exchange
Influence of Climate Change on Cultural Practices
Anime and Manga: Japanese Culture’s Global Reach
Cultural Perception of Privacy in the Era of Big Data
Reality TV’s Effect on Cultural Stereotypes
Cultural Implications of Urban Green Spaces
Nostalgia and Culture in Retro Fashion Trends
Understanding Cultural Context in Classic Literature
Cultural Diversity in Modern Cinema
Significance of Cultural Festivals in Building Community
Influence of Sci-Fi on Our Perception of Future Cultures
Cultural Perspectives on Mental Health in Popular Literature
Globalization’s Effect on Indigenous Cultures
Street Food and Its Connection to Local Culture

Interesting Culture Topics to Research for Essays and Papers

Maori Culture and Traditions
Intricacies of Japanese Tea Ceremony
Voodoo Practices in Haitian Culture
Celtic Traditions and Mythology
Arab Bedouin Traditions and Nomadic Lifestyle
Native American Tribes and Their Cultural Diversity
Balinese Rituals and Spiritual Practices
The Complexity of Tibetan Buddhism
Greek Orthodox Customs and Traditions
Culture of the Sami People in Scandinavia
Andean Cultures: Incas and Their Descendants
Mayan Civilization: Ancient Practices and Beliefs
Yoruba Religion and Cultural Traditions in West Africa
Nomadic Culture of the Mongolian Steppes
Diverse Cultural Practices of Australian Aboriginals
Culture of the Maasai Tribes in East Africa
Persian Poetry and Its Cultural Significance
Dance Forms and Culture of Polynesian Islands
Cultures of the Amazon Rainforest Tribes
Korean Hanbok and Traditional Dress Culture

Cultural Anthropology Topics for a Research Paper

Decoding Symbolism in Ancient Mayan Art
Understanding Power Structures in Tribal Societies
Exploring Ritualistic Practices of the Australian Aborigines
Influence of Globalization on Indigenous Cultural Practices
Rituals and Customs: A Comparative Study Between Maasai and Zulu Tribes
Investigating Linguistic Diversity in the Amazon Rainforest
Dynamics of Cultural Adaptation in Refugee Communities
Indigenous Knowledge and Biodiversity Conservation
Comparative Study of Death Rituals Across Cultures
Cultural Contexts of Folklore and Mythology in Slavic Societies
Digital Anthropology: Social Media and Cultural Practices
Cultural Perspectives on Gender and Sexuality in Pacific Island Societies
Transcultural Psychiatry: Mental Health Across Cultures
Insights into Cultural Healing Practices of Native American Tribes
Foodways and Culture: A Study of Mediterranean Societies
Dynamics of Social Change in Post-Colonial Societies
Material Culture: Analysis of Ancient Egyptian Artifacts
Cultural Interpretations of Climate Change in Arctic Communities
Cultural Factors in Public Health: A Case Study of Sub-Saharan Africa
Sacred Spaces and Cultural Identity: An Exploration of Hindu Temples

Cultural Criticism Essay Topics

Postmodernism and Cultural Representation in Media
Interrogating Orientalism: Western Perception of Eastern Cultures
Deconstructing the Beauty Standard in Pop Culture
Eco-Criticism and Interpretation of Environmental Narratives
Analyzing Power Structures in Classic Literature
Cultural Bias in Artificial Intelligence Systems
Culture and Censorship: Freedom of Expression in Various Societies
Unpacking Gender Stereotypes in Advertising
Culture of Fear: Media Representation of Terrorism
Colonial Narratives and Indigenous Voices in History Textbooks
Cyber Culture: The Dark Side of Online Communities
Cultural Appropriation vs. Appreciation: A Thin Line
Cultural Hegemony and Minority Representation in Film Industry
Ethnocentrism in Anthropological Research: A Critique
Understanding Whiteness: Critique of White Privilege
Body Image and Self-Esteem: A Critique of the Fashion Industry
Religion and Cultural Bias in Western Feminist Discourses
Consumer Culture and Critique of Fast Fashion
Mental Health Stigma: Cultural Perspectives and Criticisms

Cultural Diversity Topics for an Essay

Navigating Cultural Diversity in Multinational Corporations
Multilingualism and Cultural Identity in Diverse Societies
Cultural Diversity in Urban Design and City Planning
Influence of Cultural Diversity on Public Health Policies
Diverse Cultures: Integration Challenges in Immigration Policies
Cultural Diversity and Ethical Considerations in Clinical Trials
Understanding Cultural Diversity in Early Childhood Education
Cultural Diversity in Contemporary Literature: A Critical Analysis
Representation of Cultural Diversity in the Animation Industry
Multiculturalism and Its Influence on National Identity
Promoting Cultural Diversity through Public Broadcasting
Cultural Diversity and Inclusivity in Tech Industry
Managing Cultural Diversity in International Space Missions
Challenges of Cultural Diversity in Peacekeeping Missions
Influence of Cultural Diversity on Artistic Expression
Linguistic Diversity and Cultural Preservation
Cultural Diversity in Global Climate Change Dialogues
Cultural Diversity and Adaptation Strategies in Sports Teams
Diversity in Cuisine: Culinary Traditions Across Cultures
Cultural Diversity and Conflict Resolution in Global Diplomacy

Culture Heritage Research Topics

Preservation of Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Exploring Cultural Landscapes and Their Conservation
Digital Archiving and Cultural Heritage Preservation
Protection of Intangible Cultural Heritage
Cultural Heritage Tourism: Balancing Preservation and Promotion
Intersections of Cultural Heritage and Climate Change
Restitution of Cultural Artifacts: Ethical Considerations
Reconstructing Cultural Heritage in Post-War Regions
Maritime Cultural Heritage: Underwater Archaeology Challenges
Cultural Heritage and Memory: Significance of Oral Histories
Revitalization of Endangered Languages: Strategies and Challenges
Historic Urban Landscapes: Conserving Cultural Heritage in Cities
World Heritage Sites and Their Sustainability Issues
Conservation of Ancient Manuscripts and Rare Books
Sacred Sites and Cultural Heritage: Managing Religious Tourism
Cultural Heritage and Identity in Diaspora Communities
Management of Archaeological Sites: Balancing Research and Preservation
Investigating Looting and Illicit Trafficking of Cultural Property
World Cuisine as an Element of Intangible Cultural Heritage

Cultural Phenomena Topics

Unraveling the K-Pop Phenomenon: Cultural and Global Implications
Cryptocurrency Culture: A New Financial Phenomenon
Cross-Cultural Analysis of Conspiracy Theories
Spread of Internet Memes: A Modern Cultural Phenomenon
Cultural Aspects of the Global Wellness Movement
Globalization and the Cultural Phenomenon of Fast Food
Cyberculture and the Emergence of Virtual Communities
Reality TV and Its Cultural Repercussions
Influence of Celebrity Culture on Youth Values
Pandemic Culture: Changes in Behavioral Patterns Due to COVID-19
Examining the Cultural Phenomenon of Social Activism in Digital Spaces
Coffee Culture: A Global Phenomenon With Local Variations
Influence of Anime and Manga on Global Pop Culture
Cultural Phenomena of Aging Societies in Developed Countries
Nerd Culture and Its Influence on Entertainment Industry
Fashion Trends as Reflections of Cultural Change
Online Gaming Communities as Cultural Phenomena
Cultural Shifts in Attitudes Toward Mental Health
The Phenomenon of Remote Work and Cultural Implications
Cultural Perception and Adoption of Renewable Energy Solutions

Cultural Psychology Research Topics in Culture Studies

Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Emotional Expression
Psychology of Superstitions in Various Cultures
Analysis of Collectivist vs. Individualistic Cultural Psychologies
Cultural Factors Influencing Child Development
Cultural Psychology of Grief and Mourning Rituals
Understanding Perception of Time in Different Cultures
Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication Across Cultures
Examining the Cultural Context of Dreams
Cultural Influences on Human Memory
Cultural Diversity and Its Effects on Learning Styles
Cognitive Biases and Cultural Influences: A Comparative Study
Cultural Influences on Risk Perception and Decision-Making
Psychological Perspectives on Folklore and Mythology Across Cultures
Understanding the Cultural Aspects of Empathy
Interplay of Language and Thought in Cultural Psychology
Cultural Differences in Coping Strategies for Stress
Cultural Influences on Perception of Pain
Influence of Culture on Self-Esteem and Self-Concept
Psychological Analysis of Taboos Across Different Cultures

Environmentalism and Culture Research Topics

Cultural Practices in Biodiversity Conservation
Green Architecture: Cultural and Environmental Interactions
Cultural Perceptions of Climate Change in Island Nations
Understanding Indigenous Knowledge Systems in Environmental Stewardship
Environmental Ethics in Native American Cultures
Ecotourism and Its Influence on Local Culture
Influence of Environmental Movements on Contemporary Art
Cultural Factors Affecting Renewable Energy Adoption
Influence of Traditional Farming Practices on Biodiversity
Cultural Aspects of Waste Management Practices
Sacred Natural Sites and Their Role in Conservation
Cultural Landscapes and Strategies for Their Preservation
Impact of Climate Migration on Cultural Identity
Rituals and Myths Related to Nature Across Cultures
Impact of Environmental Policies on Indigenous Cultures
Understanding Cultural Dimensions of Urban Green Spaces
Influence of Culture on Perceptions of Genetically Modified Organisms
Culture and the Transition to a Circular Economy
Perceptions of Water Scarcity in Different Cultures
Cultural Responses to Deforestation in Rainforest Communities

Gender and Culture Research Topics

Exploring the Cultural Construction of Masculinity
Perception of Beauty Standards Across Different Cultures
Cultural Interpretations of Transgender Identities
Influence of Cultural Norms on Gender Equity in Education
Understanding Gender Roles in Indigenous Cultures
Implications of Matrilineal Societies for Gender Equality
Cultural Factors Affecting Women’s Political Participation
Gender Dynamics in Traditional Rituals and Festivals
Intersectionality of Gender, Culture, and Religion
Gender Representation in Global Advertising
Investigating Gender Stereotypes in Children’s Literature
Cultural Perception of Non-Binary Gender Identities
Influence of Gender Roles on Career Choices Across Cultures
Cultural Factors Influencing Maternal Health
Gender Dynamics in Migration and Displacement
Influence of Culture on Men’s Mental Health
Gendered Spaces: A Cultural Perspective
Culture and Gender Inequity in Access to Healthcare
Cultural Perspectives on Domestic Roles and Responsibilities

Globalization and Culture Topics

Understanding the Cultural Implications of Globalized Media
Cultural Resistance to Globalization in Indigenous Communities
Globalization and the Spread of English: Implications for Linguistic Diversity
Influence of Globalization on Local Music Genres
Exploring Cultural Homogenization in Global Cities
Food Culture in the Age of Globalization: A Case Study
Globalization and the Commodification of Indigenous Cultures
Globalization and the Transformation of Traditional Art Forms
Diaspora Communities: Navigating Globalization and Cultural Identity
Transnational Cinema: Cross-Cultural Influences and Globalization
Implications of Globalization for Indigenous Knowledge Systems
Globalization and Changing Gender Norms: A Cross-Cultural Study
Cultural Hybridity in Globalized Fashion Trends
Internet Culture and Globalization: A Complex Relationship
Globalization and Its Effect on Cultural Heritage Preservation
Influence of Globalized Education on Cultural Diversity
Cultural Adaptation in Global Marketing Strategies
Globalization and Transformation of Religious Practices
Impact of Global Migration on Cultural Diversity
Understanding Globalization’s Effect on Cultural Autonomy

Intercultural Communication Topics

Intercultural Communication in Multinational Corporations
Exploring Communication Barriers in Intercultural Marriages
Interpretation of Non-Verbal Cues Across Cultures
Intercultural Communication in Virtual Teams
Analysis of Humor in Intercultural Communication
Influence of Cultural Stereotypes on Intercultural Communication
Examining Intercultural Communication in Healthcare Settings
Challenges of Intercultural Communication in Diplomacy
Influence of Social Media on Intercultural Communication
Impact of Language Proficiency on Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Communication in International Development Projects
Implications of Cultural Taboos in Intercultural Communication
Intercultural Miscommunication: Case Studies and Analysis
Influence of Cultural Dimensions on Communication Styles
Intercultural Communication in Refugee and Immigrant Integration
Strategies for Effective Intercultural Communication in Education
Investigating the Role of Empathy in Intercultural Communication
Impact of Intercultural Communication on Global Marketing Strategies
Ethics in Intercultural Communication: A Critical Review

List of Culture Research Topics

Cultural Perspectives on Death and Afterlife
Influence of Pop Culture on Youth Identity Formation
Understanding Culturally Specific Healing Practices
Martial Arts as Cultural Phenomena: A Comparative Study
Street Art and Its Cultural Significance
Dynamics of Food Culture: Traditional vs. Modern
Exploring the Cultural History of Tattoos
Cultural Aspects of Aging: East vs. West
Cultural Factors Influencing Childbirth Practices
Language Revitalization in Endangered Cultures
Cultural Significance of Traditional Dress Codes
Examining Body Modification Practices Across Cultures
Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainable Agriculture
Analysis of Cultural Aspects in Cybersecurity
Influence of Culture on Parenting Styles
Representation of Culture in Animated Films
Cultural Practices in Disaster Management and Preparedness
Cultural Transformation in Post-Colonial Societies
Cultural Understanding of Mental Health Disorders
Decoding Cultural Symbolism in Mythology and Folklore

Multiculturalism and Diversity Research Topics

Multiculturalism in Children’s Literature: A Content Analysis
Exploring the Dynamics of Multicultural Teams in Organizations
Multicultural Education and Student Achievement: An Empirical Study
Influence of Multiculturalism on Urban Design and Architecture
Multiculturalism and Its Effect on National Identity
Implications of Multiculturalism for Social Justice Education
Perceptions of Diversity in the Media Industry
Understanding the Challenges of Multicultural Counselling
Cultural Diversity and Innovation in Start-Up Ecosystems
Effect of Multiculturalism on Interpersonal Relationships in Diverse Societies
Diversity and Inclusion in the Tech Industry: Case Studies
Cultural Diversity in the Judiciary: An International Comparison
Multilingual Education in Multicultural Societies: Best Practices
Multiculturalism and Its Influence on Public Health Policies
Social Cohesion in Multicultural Neighborhoods: A Field Study
Cultural Diversity in Political Representation: A Global Perspective
Inclusion of Minority Cultures in National History Curriculum
Multiculturalism and Its Influence on Contemporary Art Movements
Challenges of Managing Diversity in Higher Education Institutions
Multiculturalism and the Transformation of Urban Food Culture

Sociology of Culture Research Topics

Sociological Perspectives on Cultural Taboos
Culture and Social Class: Interplay and Implications
Cultural Factors in the Sociology of Deviance
Exploring Cultural Capital in Educational Achievement
Sociological Analysis of Food Culture and Social Status
Subcultures and Their Influence on Mainstream Society
Sociology of Cultural Assimilation in Immigrant Communities
Cultural Factors Affecting Social Mobility: An Empirical Study
Sociological Dimensions of Popular Culture
Understanding Cultural Factors in Health Disparities
Sociology of Aging in Different Cultural Contexts
Exploring the Sociology of Cultural Trauma
Cultural Context of Social Movements
Sociological Analysis of Celebrity Culture
Cultural Dimensions of Urban Sociology
Influence of Culture on Social Networks
Sociological Perspectives on Cultural Appropriation
Cultural Factors in Gender Inequality: A Sociological View
Understanding the Cultural Aspects of Gentrification
Sociology of Culture and Social Change: Case Studies
Cultural Transformation and Its Sociological Implications
Understanding Cultural Stigma in Mental Health
Body Image Perceptions Across Different Cultures
Cultural Influences on Societal Trust and Cohesion
Sociology of Music: Exploring Cultural Genres
Cultural Factors in Youth Gangs and Deviance
Cultural Nuances in the Sociology of Emotions
Exploring the Cultural Context of Aging Societies
Cultural Perspectives on Social Stratification
Sociological Implications of Intercultural Marriages
Cultural Narratives in Gender Identity Construction
Sociology of Art: Understanding Cultural Expressions
Understanding Cultural Perspectives on Human Rights
Cultural Factors in Environmental Sociology
Cultural Interpretations of Religious Symbols
Sociology of Language and Cultural Identity
Cultural Influences on Children’s Socialization Processes
Exploring the Cultural Dynamics of Social Protests
Sociological Perspectives on Cultural Heritage and Identity
Cultural Context of Intergenerational Relationships

Subculture Research Ideas

Gothic Subculture: A Sociological Perspective
Exploring the Culture of eSports Enthusiasts
Punk Rock: An Ethnographic Study of Rebellion and Resistance
Exploring the Vegan Subculture: Beliefs and Lifestyle
Cosplay Subculture: Identity and Community
Street Art: A Study of Subcultural Expression
Influence of Hip-Hop Subculture on Urban Fashion
In-Depth Study of the Online Gaming Subculture
Psychedelic Subculture: Perception, Art, and Social Norms
Understanding the Straight Edge Subculture: Music and Morality
Subculture and Identity Formation in Adolescents
Tattoo Subculture: Expressions of Individuality or Conformity?
Exploring the Subculture of Comic Book Fandom
Bodybuilding Subculture: Discipline, Lifestyle, and Body Image
Subcultural Study of Skateboarders: Rebellion or Recreation?
Hacker Subculture: Values, Beliefs, and Ethos
Exploring the Subculture of Minimalist Lifestyle
The Culture of Craft Beer Enthusiasts: A Subcultural Analysis
Unveiling the Mysterious World of Secret Societies

Western Civilization Essay Topics in Culture Research

Democracy and Its Origins in Ancient Greece
Influence of Renaissance Art on Western Culture
Exploring the Cultural Significance of the Magna Carta
Western Civilization and the Emergence of Scientific Thinking
Christianity’s Influence on Western Morality and Ethics
Enlightenment Thought and Its Influence on Modern Western Society
Fall of the Roman Empire: A Pivot Point in Western Civilization
Imperialism and Western Civilization: A Historical Analysis
Historiography of the French Revolution in Western Discourse
Industrial Revolution: The Engine of Western Progress
Influence of Western Civilization on Global Legal Systems
The Age of Exploration: Western Civilization Expands
Western Civilization: From Gutenberg’s Press to the Internet
Interpretations of the American Revolution in Western Thought
Historical and Cultural Analysis of Western Romanticism
Contribution of Western Civilization to Modern Medicine
Development and Influence of Western Classical Music
The Influence of Western Philosophy on Modern Thought
The Role of Western Civilization in Shaping Modern Economics
Western Civilization and Its Influence on Modern Democracy

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50+ Out of the World Cultural Research Paper Topics

You have all needed to develop fast and quality articles, essays and research projects by examining and selecting your chosen topic. The writing ideas in this post were developed by experts and professionals in the cultural field, and thus we highly recommend the topics to all writers, including online writers.

With our back, you will waste none of your energy and time figuring out what and how to write about a given topic. Select your topic today as it makes time and energy cheap.

Let’s begin with defining what culture is:

Culture refers to the way of life of a particular group of people – the behaviours, values, beliefs, and symbols they accept, generally without thinking about them. They are passed on through communication and imitation from one generation to the next.

Below are some of the professionally tailored cultural research paper topics guaranteed to give you a first-class in your assignment. Be sure to use them as inspirations towards substantive writing prompts.

Cultural Research Paper Topics

Investigating the benefits of cultural studies in promoting brands in international markets.
Perception differences among youth and the old population of disabled people.
Examination of different coping mechanisms of being culturally different in society.
Impact of films, songs, and feminism on promoting women equality.
Conservation of culture in isolated communities.
Influence of religion on culture: A case study of the Muslim community
Cultural commonalities for all human beings on earth.
Correlation between attitude and sex as tools of culture.
Exhibition of cultural traits in indigenous and exotic animals.
How association to particular languages influences culture.

Cultural Anthropology Research Paper Topics

An evaluation of the cultural anthropology of our time

The effects of cultural anthropology to the missionary.

The role of women in modern society as opposed to the traditional roles.
What are the peculiarities of the Zulu community culture in Southern Africa?
Examination of various religious practices in the United States of America.

The influence of English as a common language on American culture.

Exploration of the long-term impacts of physical labour on the physical appearance of humans.
How stigma affects efforts on stopping the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
How is the concept of death viewed in Africa?
What is the anthropological perspective on the development of the modern United States of America?

Cultural Diversity Research Paper Topics

Evaluate the significance of preserving cultural diversity in the 21st century.
What is the role of cultural diversity in modern society?
How pluralism and multiculturalism have impacted the lives of American citizens.
Associations of psychological counselling to cultural diversity.
Demonstrate critical thinking about psychology with a special mention on multicultural issues and diversity.
Effects of cultural diversity in the medical industry as a whole.
Evaluate the role of cultural diversity in schools
Impacts of migration on the cultural diversity of Asian land, especially on mental health.
Cultural diversity’s impact on the interaction process and performance.

Cultural Psychology Research Paper Topics

Personality and filial piety among British citizens.
What are the cross-cultural perspectives on human developments in Central America?
The self and social behaviour among Red Indians in the United States of America.
Factors that influence cross-cultural psychology.
Implication of cultural psychology on diversity.
Life experiences of unemployed graduates in the United Kingdom.
The relationship between parenting stress and stigma with parent-child interactions in mothers with autistic children.
Comparative analysis of gender stereotypes of superior thinking in men and emotions in women among students
How has Covid-19 affected the political atmosphere in the United States of America?
Analyze the impact that famous artists have on world culture.
Discuss the evolution of cultural psychology as a topic since the 17th century.

Cross-Cultural Research Paper Topics

How does culture affect social and emotional development?
Compare and contrast the features of language and culture.
Impacts of social organization and history in modern society.
Members of any culture perceive their behaviour as logical. Validate this statement.
Determinants of cross-cultural business communication.
The roles of attitudes toward accents and dialects in creating barriers in international business communication.
Description of socio-linguistic as a tool of differentiating economic classes.
Influence of environmental factors on the development and character of cultures.
Climate and topography affect the transport and logistics, settlement, and territorial organization. Elucidate.
Describe how Africa’s population size and its density and the availability of natural resources influence the continent toward export and domestic markets.
Discuss ways in which conceptions of authority affects cross-cultural psychology, more so in India.
The role of non-verbal communication in promoting culture.

Best Cultural Research Paper Topics

The evolution of the amount and type of sexism over the years.
Analysis of the impact of Michael Jackson on popular culture in the world.
How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
Reasons for the emergence of female culture in closed communities.
Influence of native culture on human psychology.
Causes of assimilation of people in the foreign culture.
How cultural studies in colleges and universities have helped demystify cultural myths and misconceptions.
Why children need to stay with their grandparents at least once in a while

You might have considered this task a hard nut to crack, but with the comprehensive guide and topics above, I am sure that you can now navigate your way easily.

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Cultural Analysis

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Sarita Ray Chaudhury

“Laugh like Surpanakha:” Modern Literary Re-Imagining of a Famous Villainess in Indian Folkloric Traditions

Tiago Pires

Ethnopsychiatry of the Devil: Demonic Possession as a Cultural Language for Subjective Suffering in Contemporary Italy

Book Review

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Becoming Folkwise: Sustaining Digital Community While Socially Distant (Essay)

Juwen Zhang

Making Sense of the Pandemic of Racism: From the Asian Exclusion Act in 1924 to the COVID-19 Hate Crimes Act in 2021

Response by: Fariha I. Khan

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Refrigerators, Cupboards, and Canning Jars: Emergent Meanings and Subversive Practices in Food Preservation and Storage During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Response by: Janet C. Gilmore

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God is My Vaccine: Religious Belief and COVID in the United States (Essay)

Levi Bochantin & James I. Deutsch

The Folkloric Roots and Pandemic Popularity of the QAnon Conspiracy Theory (Essay)

Interrogating Social Distancing: Pandemic and Farmers’ Protest in India

Adam Hinden, Ziying You, & Zhen Guo

Online Activism and Grassroots Memorialization in the Age of COVID-19: Dr. Li Wenliang's Virtual Wailing Wall

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Cultural History Research Paper Topics

Exploring cultural history research paper topics opens the door to understanding humanity’s diverse societal heritage. This comprehensive guide, presented by iResearchNet, is a valuable resource for students tasked with writing a research paper on this rich and wide-ranging subject. Through this guide, you will delve into an extensive list of cultural history research paper topics categorized into ten distinctive areas. We provide a deep-dive into what cultural history encompasses, offering you a range of exciting research paper topics. Moreover, we guide you on selecting the most suitable topic, as well as tips on writing an exceptional research paper. iResearchNet takes a step further to offer professional writing services, presenting an array of features that guarantee top-quality, custom research papers. Ultimately, we aim to equip you with the tools to excel in your academic journey. This guide extends an invitation for you to uncover the vibrancy of cultural history.

100 Cultural History Research Paper Topics

Cultural history is a fascinating field of study that delves into the various aspects of human culture, including beliefs, customs, traditions, arts, and social practices. Researching cultural history provides valuable insights into the development and evolution of societies and helps us understand the complexities of human civilization. In this section, we present a comprehensive list of cultural history research paper topics, covering a wide range of categories. These topics will inspire students to explore different dimensions of cultural history and uncover intriguing research possibilities.

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Cultural Identity and Representation

The construction of cultural identity in colonial societies.
Depictions of cultural diversity in art and literature.
The influence of cultural identity on political movements.
Cultural appropriation and its impact on marginalized communities.
Cultural heritage preservation and its significance in contemporary society.
Cultural symbols and their role in shaping collective identity.
Cultural assimilation and the preservation of indigenous traditions.
Representations of gender and sexuality in popular culture.
The role of language in cultural preservation and identity.
Cultural memory and its portrayal in museums and exhibitions.

Rituals and Festivals

The significance of religious rituals in ancient civilizations.
The cultural meanings behind traditional wedding ceremonies.
The evolution of holiday celebrations and their cultural implications.
Folklore and storytelling traditions in different cultures.
Rituals of passage and their cultural significance.
Cultural festivals as a means of cultural expression and community bonding.
Indigenous rituals and their survival in modern society.
The role of music and dance in cultural celebrations.
Symbolism and symbolism in traditional ceremonies.
The transformation of rituals and festivals in the modern world.

Cultural Exchange and Cross-Cultural Influences

The impact of globalization on cultural homogenization.
Cultural exchange and trade routes in ancient civilizations.
The influence of colonialism on indigenous cultures.
Cultural diffusion and the spread of ideas and practices.
Intercultural communication and its role in promoting understanding.
The cultural exchange between East and West in the modern era.
Diaspora communities and their cultural contributions.
Cultural fusion in contemporary art, music, and fashion.
Transnationalism and its effects on cultural identity.
The role of technology in facilitating cross-cultural interactions.

Art, Literature, and Culture

The portrayal of cultural values in visual arts.
Literary movements and their reflection of cultural shifts.
Architecture as a representation of cultural identity.
The impact of cinema on cultural perceptions.
The role of music in cultural expression and preservation.
Theater and performance arts as cultural showcases.
Cultural artifacts and their significance in museums.
The evolution of fashion and its connection to cultural trends.
Cultural icons and their impact on popular culture.
The intersection of art, politics, and cultural movements.

Cultural Transformation and Resistance

Cultural responses to social and political revolutions.
The role of cultural institutions in challenging power structures.
Cultural movements and their impact on social change.
Cultural resistance against colonial rule.
Cultural preservation as a means of resistance.
Indigenous cultural revitalization and its impact on communities.
The role of cultural leaders in promoting social justice.
Artistic expressions of protest and dissent.
Cultural memory and resistance in post-conflict societies.
The impact of digital media on cultural activism.

Language and Cultural Communication

The role of language in shaping cultural identity.
Language revival and its impact on cultural preservation.
Multilingualism and its effects on cultural interactions.
Translating cultural nuances and challenges in intercultural communication.
Sign language as a cultural mode of expression.
The influence of language on cultural perception and worldview.
The evolution of slang and its cultural implications.
Language policies and their impact on cultural diversity.
The role of storytelling in preserving cultural heritage.
Language barriers and their impact on cross-cultural understanding.

Social Movements and Cultural Change

The impact of the civil rights movement on cultural attitudes.
Feminism and its influence on cultural norms and gender roles.
LGBTQ+ rights movements and their effect on cultural acceptance.
Anti-war movements and their impact on cultural consciousness.
Cultural responses to environmental activism and sustainability.
Disability rights and the challenge to cultural perceptions.
Cultural movements for racial equality and social justice.
Youth subcultures and their influence on cultural trends.
Countercultural movements and their impact on mainstream culture.
The role of social media in facilitating cultural mobilization.

Material Culture and Everyday Life

The cultural significance of food and culinary traditions.
The impact of technology on material culture.
Housing and architectural styles as reflections of cultural values.
Clothing and fashion as expressions of cultural identity.
The significance of religious artifacts and symbols.
Tools and technology in ancient civilizations.
Cultural meanings of body adornments and jewelry.
Sports and games as cultural practices.
Transportation and its influence on cultural development.
The role of consumerism in shaping cultural practices.

Cultural History of Specific Regions

Cultural history of ancient Egypt.
The impact of colonialism on African cultures.
Indigenous cultures of the Americas before European contact.
Cultural history of medieval Europe.
Cultural transformations in Asia: From feudalism to modernity.
The cultural legacy of ancient Mesopotamia.
The influence of religion on cultural practices in the Middle East.
Cultural developments in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica.
Cultural history of the Pacific Islands.
Cultural diversity in contemporary Australia.

Cultural Heritage Preservation and Museums

The role of museums in preserving cultural heritage.
Challenges in repatriating cultural artifacts to their countries of origin.
Cultural heritage sites and their preservation.
The impact of tourism on cultural heritage preservation.
Digital technologies and their role in cultural heritage conservation.
Cultural heritage and indigenous rights.
The ethical considerations in curating cultural artifacts.
Museums as spaces for intercultural dialogue.
Cultural heritage and sustainable development.
The role of education in promoting cultural heritage awareness.

This comprehensive list of cultural history research paper topics provides students with a diverse range of possibilities for their research endeavors. Whether exploring cultural identity, rituals, art, language, social movements, or material culture, there is an abundance of fascinating topics to delve into. By delving into these subjects, students can gain a deeper understanding of the intricate tapestry of human culture and its impact on societies past and present.

Cultural History: Exploring the Range of Research Paper Topics

Cultural history is a vibrant field of study that examines the ways in which societies have shaped and been shaped by their unique cultural practices, beliefs, values, and expressions. It delves into the rich tapestry of human experiences, exploring everything from art, literature, and music to language, rituals, and social movements. Researching cultural history allows us to better understand the complexities of human existence and the diversity of human cultures throughout time. In this section, we will embark on a journey through the vast range of research paper topics within cultural history, showcasing the diverse aspects of human culture that you can explore in your own research.

Art and Culture : Art has always been an integral part of human expression, reflecting cultural values, beliefs, and societal norms. Within this category, you can explore a multitude of cultural history research paper topics, including the influence of art movements on cultural perceptions, the role of art in social and political commentary, the representation of cultural identity in visual arts, and the impact of technology on artistic practices. You can also investigate specific artists or art forms that have significantly contributed to the cultural landscape.
Literature and Culture : Literature provides us with a window into the past, offering insights into the thoughts, emotions, and experiences of people from different cultures and time periods. Within this category, you can delve into various aspects of literature, such as the representation of cultural values in literary works, the influence of literature on cultural and social movements, the role of storytelling in cultural preservation, and the exploration of cultural identity in literary texts. You can also examine the impact of translation and cross-cultural literary influences.
Music and Culture : Music has the power to transcend language barriers and convey cultural expressions. Within this category, you can explore cultural history research paper topics such as the role of music in cultural rituals and ceremonies, the influence of music on cultural identity formation, the impact of globalization on music and cultural fusion, and the relationship between music and social movements. You can also examine specific genres or musicians that have made significant contributions to the cultural history of a particular region or era.
Language and Culture : Language is a fundamental aspect of culture, shaping our worldview and serving as a medium for communication and expression. Within this category, you can explore topics such as the relationship between language and cultural identity, the impact of language policies on cultural diversity, the role of language in cultural preservation, and the influence of language on social and political movements. You can also delve into the study of dialects, slang, and language variations within specific cultural contexts.
Rituals and Traditions : Rituals and traditions play a vital role in shaping cultural practices and beliefs. Within this category, you can explore topics such as the significance of religious rituals in different cultures, the evolution of cultural traditions over time, the role of rituals in cultural identity formation, and the impact of globalization on traditional practices. You can also investigate the cultural meaning behind specific rituals or explore the preservation of indigenous rituals in contemporary society.
Gender and Sexuality : The study of gender and sexuality within cultural history offers insights into the ways in which cultural norms and expectations have shaped the experiences of individuals throughout history. Within this category, you can explore topics such as the representation of gender and sexuality in art, literature, and popular culture, the impact of cultural beliefs on gender roles, the history of LGBTQ+ movements and their influence on cultural acceptance, and the intersectionality of gender and other aspects of identity within different cultural contexts.
Social Movements and Cultural Change : Cultural history is intertwined with social movements that have challenged the status quo and brought about cultural transformations. Within this category, you can explore topics such as the impact of civil rights movements on cultural attitudes, the role of cultural resistance against colonial rule, the influence of countercultural movements on mainstream culture, and the cultural responses to environmental activism and sustainability. You can also investigate the role of social media in facilitating cultural mobilization and the cultural legacy of specific social movements.
Material Culture and Everyday Life : Material culture refers to the physical objects and artifacts that reflect the values, practices, and beliefs of a particular culture. Within this category, you can explore topics such as the cultural significance of food and culinary traditions, the influence of technology on material culture, the relationship between clothing and cultural identity, and the impact of consumerism on cultural practices. You can also investigate housing and architectural styles as reflections of cultural values, the significance of religious artifacts and symbols, and the role of transportation in shaping cultural development.
Colonialism and Postcolonial Studies : The legacy of colonialism has had a profound impact on cultural history. Within this category, you can explore topics such as the cultural implications of colonial encounters, the influence of colonialism on indigenous cultures, and the processes of decolonization and cultural revitalization. You can also investigate the representation of colonial experiences in literature and art, the role of museums in preserving and interpreting colonial history, and the impact of postcolonial theories on cultural studies.
Globalization and Cultural Exchange : The era of globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas, practices, and cultural expressions across borders. Within this category, you can explore cultural history research paper topics such as the impact of globalization on cultural homogenization and hybridization, the role of cultural diplomacy in fostering international relations, the influence of transnational media on cultural values, and the cultural implications of migration and diaspora. You can also investigate the challenges and opportunities that arise from cultural interactions in the globalized world.

The field of cultural history offers an expansive range of research paper topics that allow students to explore the intricate connections between culture, society, and human experiences. By delving into the diverse aspects of cultural history, students can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of human culture and its impact on societies throughout time. Whether you are interested in art, literature, music, language, rituals, social movements, material culture, colonialism, or globalization, there is a wealth of fascinating topics waiting to be explored. So, embark on your research journey and unravel the captivating stories that cultural history has to offer.

Choosing Cultural History Research Paper Topics

Choosing a research paper topic in cultural history can be an exciting yet challenging task. With the vast array of cultural practices, beliefs, and historical periods to explore, it’s essential to narrow down your focus and select a topic that aligns with your interests and academic goals. In this section, we will provide you with expert advice on selecting cultural history research paper topics that are engaging, relevant, and offer ample opportunities for exploration and analysis.

Follow Your Passion : When choosing a research paper topic, it’s important to select a subject that genuinely interests you. Consider your personal passions, curiosities, and areas of expertise. Think about the cultural aspects that intrigue you the most—whether it’s art, literature, music, social movements, or any other cultural facet. By selecting a topic that aligns with your passion, you will be motivated to delve deeper into the subject and produce a well-researched and engaging paper.
Conduct Preliminary Research : Before finalizing your research paper topic, conduct preliminary research to familiarize yourself with the existing scholarship in the field of cultural history. Read scholarly articles, books, and research papers to gain an understanding of the current debates, gaps in knowledge, and emerging trends. This will help you identify potential research areas and refine your topic to ensure its relevance and originality.
Consider Chronological and Geographical Scope : Cultural history encompasses a wide range of historical periods and geographical regions. Consider the chronological and geographical scope that interests you the most. Do you prefer to focus on a specific time period, such as ancient civilizations, the Renaissance, or the 20th century? Are you drawn to a particular region, such as Asia, Europe, Africa, or the Americas? Narrowing down the chronological and geographical scope will help you create a more focused and manageable research paper topic.
Explore Understudied or Emerging Areas : One way to contribute to the field of cultural history is by exploring understudied or emerging areas of research. Look for topics that have received limited attention or have recently gained significance in cultural studies. For example, you can investigate the cultural history of marginalized communities, explore the impact of technology on cultural practices, or analyze the cultural dynamics of globalization in a specific region. By delving into these uncharted territories, you can make a unique and valuable contribution to the field.
Interdisciplinary Approaches : Cultural history is a multidisciplinary field that intersects with various disciplines, including anthropology, sociology, literature, art history, and more. Consider incorporating interdisciplinary approaches into your research paper topic. For example, you can examine the intersection of cultural history and gender studies, explore the relationship between cultural practices and environmental history, or analyze the cultural significance of technological advancements. By embracing interdisciplinary perspectives, you can offer a more comprehensive and nuanced understanding of cultural phenomena.
Analyze Primary Sources : To enhance the authenticity and depth of your research, incorporate primary sources into your analysis. Primary sources can include historical documents, artworks, literary works, music recordings, oral histories, and archival materials. Analyzing primary sources allows you to directly engage with the cultural artifacts and voices of the past, providing firsthand insights into the cultural practices and beliefs of a specific time and place. Incorporating primary sources can add richness and authenticity to your research paper.
Consider Ethical and Social Implications : Cultural history research often raises ethical and social implications, especially when studying sensitive topics or marginalized communities. It’s important to consider the ethical dimensions of your research and approach your topic with sensitivity and respect. Take into account the potential impact of your research on communities, ensure that your research adheres to ethical guidelines, and consider ways to present diverse perspectives and voices in your analysis.
Consult with Your Advisor or Instructor : Don’t hesitate to consult with your advisor or instructor during the topic selection process. They can provide valuable guidance, suggest relevant sources, and offer insights based on their expertise. Discuss your research interests, proposed topics, and research goals with them to receive feedback and refine your ideas. Their support and expertise can greatly enhance your research paper.
Be Open to Revision : As you delve deeper into your research, be open to revising your research paper topic if necessary. Sometimes, new insights or challenges may arise that require you to adjust or refine your focus. Embrace this iterative process and remain flexible in adapting your topic to ensure its coherence and relevance throughout your research journey.
Stay Organized and Manage Your Time : Researching and writing a cultural history research paper requires careful organization and time management. Create a research plan, establish a timeline, and allocate sufficient time for conducting research, analyzing sources, and writing. Break down your research paper into manageable tasks, set deadlines for each stage, and make sure to leave ample time for revisions and proofreading.

Choosing a cultural history research paper topic requires careful consideration, passion, and a solid research plan. By following these expert tips, you can select a topic that aligns with your interests, engages with the current scholarship, and offers opportunities for original analysis and contribution to the field of cultural history. Remember to stay organized, consult with your advisor, and approach your research with intellectual curiosity and sensitivity to the cultural contexts you explore. With the right topic and diligent research, you can produce a compelling and impactful research paper in cultural history.

How to Write a Cultural History Research Paper

Writing a cultural history research paper requires a systematic and thoughtful approach to ensure a comprehensive and engaging analysis of your chosen topic. In this section, we will provide you with guidance on how to write a cultural history research paper, from developing a strong thesis statement to effectively analyzing primary and secondary sources. By following these steps, you can craft a well-structured and compelling paper that contributes to the field of cultural history.

Define Your Research Question : Before diving into the writing process, it’s crucial to define a clear and focused research question. Your research question will guide your investigation and provide a framework for your paper. Consider the specific aspects of cultural history you want to explore and formulate a research question that encapsulates the key issues or themes you aim to address. A well-defined research question will ensure the coherence and direction of your research paper.
Conduct In-Depth Research : A successful cultural history research paper relies on thorough and comprehensive research. Explore a range of primary and secondary sources, including books, scholarly articles, archival materials, oral histories, artworks, and other relevant cultural artifacts. Analyze and critically evaluate these sources to gather evidence and support your arguments. Take comprehensive notes and organize your research material to facilitate the writing process.
Develop a Strong Thesis Statement : Crafting a strong thesis statement is essential to guide your research paper and present a clear argument. Your thesis statement should reflect your research question and articulate the main argument or perspective you intend to explore in your paper. It should be concise, specific, and capable of generating insightful analysis and discussion. Your thesis statement will serve as the foundation upon which you build your research paper.
Outline Your Paper : Creating an outline is an effective way to structure your cultural history research paper and ensure a logical flow of ideas. Start with an introduction that provides background information on your topic, introduces your thesis statement, and outlines the main points you will address in your paper. Divide the body of your paper into sections or paragraphs, each focusing on a particular aspect of your research. Finally, include a conclusion that summarizes your findings, restates your thesis, and offers insights for further research.
Analyze Primary and Secondary Sources : In cultural history research, the analysis of primary and secondary sources is crucial to support your arguments and provide a deeper understanding of the cultural phenomena you are studying. When analyzing primary sources, consider their historical context, authorship, intended audience, and cultural significance. Use these sources to provide direct evidence and insights into the cultural practices, beliefs, and values of a specific time and place. Secondary sources, such as scholarly articles and books, offer critical perspectives and interpretations that enrich your analysis.
Engage with Theory and Scholarship : Cultural history research benefits from engaging with relevant theoretical frameworks and scholarly debates. Familiarize yourself with the key concepts and theories in cultural history that are applicable to your research. Analyze the work of prominent historians and cultural theorists in the field and consider how their ideas inform your analysis. Engaging with theory and scholarship will provide depth and context to your research paper and demonstrate your understanding of the broader intellectual discourse.
Structure Your Arguments and Evidence : Organize your arguments and evidence in a coherent and logical manner. Present your ideas in a way that supports your thesis statement and contributes to the overall narrative of your research paper. Use topic sentences to introduce new sections or paragraphs and provide smooth transitions between ideas. Incorporate evidence from your research, such as direct quotations, statistical data, or visual representations, to support your arguments and add credibility to your analysis.
Provide Context and Analysis : While presenting facts and evidence is important, a cultural history research paper also requires critical analysis and interpretation. Contextualize your findings within the broader historical, social, and cultural contexts. Explain the significance of the events, practices, or phenomena you are examining and consider their impact on the culture and society of the time. Analyze the motivations, beliefs, and ideologies that underpin the cultural practices you are studying. This analytical approach will add depth and nuance to your research paper.
Use Clear and Concise Language : Write your research paper using clear and concise language to ensure your ideas are effectively communicated. Avoid jargon or overly complex language that may hinder understanding. Use precise terminology and define key terms to facilitate reader comprehension. Maintain a consistent writing style and ensure your sentences and paragraphs flow logically from one to another.
Revise and Edit : Once you have completed the initial draft of your research paper, take the time to revise and edit your work. Review your paper for clarity, coherence, and logical organization. Check for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Trim any unnecessary or repetitive content. Consider seeking feedback from peers or instructors to gain fresh insights and identify areas for improvement. Revision and editing are crucial steps to ensure your research paper meets high academic standards.

Writing a cultural history research paper requires careful planning, thorough research, and effective communication of ideas. By defining a clear research question, conducting in-depth research, developing a strong thesis statement, and engaging with primary and secondary sources, you can produce a compelling and insightful research paper in cultural history. Remember to analyze and interpret your findings, provide context, and revise and edit your work for clarity and coherence. With these guidelines, you will be well-equipped to craft a research paper that contributes to the understanding of cultural history.

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612 Culture Essay Topic Ideas & Examples

If you are writing a culture essay, topics are easy to find. However, their abundance can quickly become overwhelming – so we prepared this handy list of culture title ideas, along with writing tips and examples.

🤫 Culture Essays: Topics and Writing Tips

🏆 best culture topic ideas & essay examples, 👍 good essay topics about culture, 🎓 simple & easy culture title ideas, 📌 cultural topics and writing prompts, 🥇 most interesting culture topics to write about, ❓ research questions about culture.

Describing culture is a challenging task. You have probably stumbled across the concept if you study sociology, media, or a variety of other subjects. There are many cultural differences across the Earth. Each nation, community, and subgroup of people have its own values, vocabulary, and customs. In the 21st century, we can document and share them thanks to cross-cultural communication.

Since there is an almost infinite number of things to consider about this broad topic, our team has collected 582 topics about culture. Check them out on this page!

Culture essays present excellent opportunities for conducting extensive research. They allow students to analyze acute global problems and investigate the topic of diversity, customs, and traditions, as well as the significance of individuals’ cultural backgrounds. You can choose one of the many topics for your culture essay. You can find culture essay ideas online or ask your professor.

We suggest the following culture essay topics and titles:

The significance of cultural identity in an individual
Culture as a political instrument in the modern world
The differences between the Eastern and the Western culture
The role of culture in people from mixed origins
The impact of religious views on culture
Cultural diversity in the workplace
Are there similarities among different cultures?
The link between culture and gender roles

After selecting culture essay questions for discussion, you can start working on your paper. Here are some secrets of the powerful paper on the topic:

Conduct preliminary research on the selected issue. Remember that you should find as much relevant information as possible while presenting a multifaceted perspective on the issue. Ask your professor about the sources you can use and stick to the instructions. Avoid using personal blogs or Wikipedia as the primary sources of information. Do not make a statement if you cannot support it with evidence.
If you are writing a paper about a particular culture, think about whether you can talk to someone coming from this background. Such an approach can help you to include all the relevant information in your paper and avoid possible crucial mistakes.
Remember that a well-organized culture essay outline is key for your paper. Think of the main points you want to discuss and decide how you structure your paper. Remember that each topic or subtopic should be stated in a separate paragraph, if possible.
If it is necessary, check out essay examples online to see how you can organize the information. In addition, this step can help you to evaluate the relevance of the issue you want to discuss. Remember to include an introductory and concluding paragraph in which you will state the main points and findings of your paper.
Avoid discriminating against some cultures in your essay. Remember that even if you do not understand the causes of some behaviors or norms, you should not criticize them in your paper. Instead, help the reader to understand them better and provide insight into important differences between cultures.
Be accepting and try to be as accurate as possible. Support your claims with evidence from your preliminary research.
If relevant, include graphs and charts to represent significant information. For example, you can visualize the presence of diversity in the workplace in different countries.
Remember that the reader should understand the goal and idea of your paper clearly. Define all terms and avoid using overly complex sentences. Be concise but provide enough relevant information on the topic.
Make sure that you use correct grammar and sentence structures in your essay. Even an excellent essay can look bad with grammatical mistakes. Grammar-free papers allow the reader to see that your opinion is credible. Check the essay several times before sending it to your instructor.

Do not forget to find a free sample in our collection that will help you get the best ideas for your writing!

How Does Media Influence Culture and Society? The media has been instrumental in trying to explain to the people the meaning of culture and in the end enabling them to have a cultural identity.
How Do Celebrities Influence Society? Celebrity Culture Positive Effects Introduction Negative Effects Positive Effects Conclusion Student Name Professor Name Course Date
There Is No Place for Traditional Values in Modern Society Essay The value of culture in society is rapidly fading away as people continue to adjust to the patterns of modernisation. Modernisation, on the other hand, is the process of adopting new trends of life in […]
Raymond Williams’ “Culture Is Ordinary” Williams discusses the Marxist’s ideas on the interpretation and discussion of the culture and disagrees with some of the raised views.
6 Barriers of Intercultural Communication Essay Cross cultural or intercultural communication is a part of the interaction of different people from different backgrounds and heritages. In this way, prejudice is inevitable blockage of cross-cultural communication as it is a source to […]
Is Culture Essential? The Role of Culture in Human Life Culture is an integral part of human life, and its significance may be observed from several perspectives: as a powerful means for people to adapt to the environment they have to live in, as a […]
Cancel Culture: The Adverse Impacts Only recently, Gen Z created the term cancel culture to refer to the modern form of public shaming. Topic Sentence: The increased awareness of cancel culture has promoted sudden judgments and simplified complex problems.
Impact of Culture on Communication Reflective Essay And also the differential consideration by the society to men and women, the approach of people in the lower strata of the society towards the social difference and the attitude of people to avoid uncertainty […]
Filipino Food Essay However, because of the Spanish and American influence, meat, especially pork and chicken, are also served. So, Philippines is a country of festivals and a diversity of traditional dishes and beverages.
Social Cultural Impacts of Tourism The tourist-host relationship and thus the social cultural impact of tourism is affected by the differences between tourists and hosts, the type of contact between tourists and hosts, the importance of tourism in a community, […]
Relationship Between Language and Culture Essay The purpose of the essay is to clearly highlight the issue of intercultural communication with reference to language. Language is the first element that helps an individual to distinguish the cultural orientations of individuals.
James Rachels’ The Challenge of Cultural Relativism Essay The article “The Challenge of Cultural Relativism” by Rachels explores the issue of ethics. According to Rachels, cultural relativism fails to support the existence of universal moral standards.
Four Types of Corporate Management Culture After studying such aspects of the work of large organizations as the relationship between employees, the subordination system in the company, and employees’ attitudes and views on the development of the MNCs, Trompenaars states that […]
Pakistan: Culture and History Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a large culturally diverse country located at the crossroads of the strategically significant expanses of South Asia, Central Asia and Western Asia, and borders Afghanistan and Iran […]
What Is Popular Culture? Definition and Analysis Therefore, Storey observes that the incorporation of the true meaning of the word culture as a way of life and culture should be in the form of ‘signifying practices’ named above.
Culture in Human Behavior Essay The act of changing a culture can only be minimal because of the complexities of the study complexity Culture, serving as a categorical idea of people, is a school of thought that has anthropologists all […]
Culture and Anarchy by Mathew Arnold This is due to the lack of awareness to the new culture. The entire book of Arnold takes culture as collection of everything what is the best and perfect in the world.
The Advantages of Living in a Multicultural City Living in a multicultural city provides one with multiple benefits such as having opportunities to learn about other cultures, developing a better understanding of different cultures, and having more chances to improve one’s personality.
Cultural Influences on Students Academic Performance Indeed as the definition is rightly put, practicing our culture is akin to cultivating our lives, with the help of tools and symbols that the society has bestowed on us. Others are of the opinion […]
Cultural Comparison: The United States of America and Japan First of all, it is important to note that both the United States of America and Japan have notable similarities as far as their cultures are concerned.
Celebrity Culture Is Harmful to Society In this paper, it is argued that celebrity culture is harmful to society because of its effects on childhood development and the glorification of wrong behaviors based on its tendency to nurture bad role models.
Attend a Cultural Event: Different Ethnic Communities’ Identities The warm and incredible welcome of the Turkish citizens adds spice to this event and helps the visitors to be more enthusiastic throughout the festival.
Zara: Corporate Structure and Culture In Luthans, due to the large size and diversity of the organization, Zara has departmentalized itself in terms of the services and products it offers in the market.
Coca-Cola Company’s Cross-Cultural Management The company also possesses a vision, which is a guiding factor to the units of the business, which is achieved by laying out whatever they need to achieve in order to sustain their progress and […]
Festivals and Their Importance for Modern Culture Thematic festivals are trendy and vital for today’s culture: different music festivals, art and design festivals, and even sex festivals. Modern-day festivals are widespread around the Earth, and they often combine the elements of local […]
McDonald’s Cultural Issues in India Some of the issues which are discussed include Mcdonald’s historical background, the cultural and ethical issues at the organization’s operations, and the social responsibility issues in different regions where the organization has operations.
Food Habits and Culture: Factors Influence The food habits of a group of people/community can be described as the reasons for eating, the methods used while eating, the types of food eaten, and the mode of storage.
UAE and Culture UAE’s society is multicultural. UAE culture has been defined by the Islamic religion as it is the most dominant in the region.
Power and Culture: Relationship and Effects The relational determination in a particular society is a product of the role and function of power in a designated society.
Amazon Corporate Culture Issues Term Paper Problem Scenario: Amazon’s employees report about multiple cases of workplace disregard, the lack of benefits and praise as well as unfair ranking system that creates the need to analyze the corporate culture of the organization […]
The Influence of Ramayana on the Indian Culture If one considers the image provided in the work with the work itself, one notices the detailed depiction of the life and activities of the protagonist.
Culture in Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe I also kill a cock at the shrine of Ifejioku, the god of yams” Ibo culture is shown through the world look of the Western society that is why the aspect of behavioral brutality was […]
USA And Nigeria: Hofstede’s Six Cultural Dimensions Comparison Considering the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the U.S.and Nigeria are similar in terms of masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long- term orientation, the half of all the suggested factors by Baack.
Comparison of US and Germany Cultural Differences Power distance is the degree to which power is shared evenly in a community as well as the extent in which the community recognize and accepts this variation in power distribution among itself; this is […]
Wal-Mart Company’s Cross Cultural Communication This system of operation has resulted in one of the labor activists called Wang Shishu led demonstrations in order to convince the management not to cut the pay of the employees.
Globalization and Food Culture Essay The interviewee gave the examples of France, America, and China in her description of how food can affect the culture of a place and vice versa.
Porsche’s Strategy, Structure, and Culture The change of the legal form of the company allowed other people who were not members of the Porsche family to become members of the Executive Board of the company.
Nok Culture’s Main Characteristic Features One of the most significant pieces of art is the Nok art, a testament of the Nok culture. Discovery of the sculptures in 1943 indicate the use of iron, the practice of smelting for tools […]
The Bhagavad Gita: The Role of Religion in Relation to the Hindu Culture From this point, it is important to focus on the Bhagavad Gita and its role for the Hindu culture in the context of the role of religion in the Hindu society because the scripture contains […]
Cultural Differences Between Turkey and USA Spanish, Polish and Greek languages are also part of the oral communication of the people in America. The use of suffixes in Turkish language is very important and we can feel the grammatical functions of […]
The Literature of the Renaissance Period The main features of the Renaissance culture which also determine the elements of the Renaissance literature are the philosophy of humanism, the secular character of the art pieces, and the orientation on the antique patterns.
Pashtun Culture: Cultural Presentation This presentation will overview one of such groups – the Pashtun culture and the challenges a nurse may face working with its representatives.
Chinese Traditional Festivals and Culture Of all the Chinese festivals, the Spring Festival has the greatest value to the Chinese people with its value equated to the value of the Westerners attachment to Christmas.
Birthing Traditions and Practices Among Russian-Speaking Cultural Group Many things about Russia, its people, and its traditions remain a mystery for the average American, as a history of geopolitical and military confrontation, as well as the distance between the two countries, cause many […]
Philippines Dressing Culture and Customs The country borders South China Sea to the North and West, the Sulu Sea and Celebs Sea to the southwest, and the Philippines Sea to the east.
Japanese Animations’ Effects on the Japanese Economy and Their Cultural Influence on Foreign Countries These artists incorporate the characteristic anime stylizations, gags and methodology in their piece of work to produce animations that are a bit similar to Japanese anime. The growing interest among foreign artists in anime is […]
Reasons for Not Appreciating Different Cultural Point of View One of the reasons why people may not appreciate the cultural point of view of others is because of the differences in cultural values.
Cancel Culture: A Persuasive Speech Cancel culture is a phenomenon of modern society that has arisen thanks to the development of social media. However, in this situation, it is difficult to determine who sets the boundaries of the morally correct […]
Japan vs. Germany: Cultural Differences The first aspect of the matter is people’s activity in Japan and Germany within businesses as determined by culture and their habits and preferences in terms of distinguishing their work time and families.
Cultural Competence: Indian Culture and Healthcare They also believed that, the disease was heredity and that if one member of the family suffered from one of the diseases, chances that somebody from the same family would contract the disease are high.
Intercultural Communication Essay: Differences in Cultural, Religious, and Ethnic Backgrounds Identity management theories are also a form of intercultural communication theory developed to explain the cross-cultural aspect of communication where intercultural communication under this theory is seen to originate from the intercultural and intracultural types […]
How to Avoid Ethnocentrism – Essay on Promoting Cultural Relativism In an effort to understand ethnocentrism which is defined as, the tendency to believe that one’s cultural beliefs and their culture’s ethnic values to be superior to others.
Ramen Culture as a Vital Part of the Traditions in Japan Studying the history of the transformation of ramen culture and the role it plays in modern Japanese popular culture helps to explore the uniqueness of the phenomenon and understand the origins of its immense popularity.
The Effect of Globalization on a World Culture The net result is a global culture; the effect and extent that global culture has gone in the world varied among nations and continents; developed countries have their culture more diffused and uniformity can be […]
Cross-Cultural Management Major Theories The study of different languages helps one in comprehending what people have in common and also assist in comprehending the diversity that underlies languages, methods of creating and organizing knowledge and the several different realities […]
Egypt’s History, Culture, Religion, and Economy Over the next three millennia, Egypt would see the rise and fall of several civilizations, including the Old Kingdom, the Middle Kingdom, and the New Kingdom.
Diverse Contexts and Intercultural Communication at Work As the world moves to the global environment, the modern workplace becomes more and more diverse. When individuals are educated about intercultural differences are more likely to alter their communication styles to suit the needs […]
The Importance of Organizational Culture Essay Organizational culture and change is most valuable to an aspiring manager because it they form the basis of organizational success. It is imperative for managers to introduce change in the organization to encourage innovation and […]
Toyota’s Culture and Leadership Strategy Toyota’s Leadership and Culture Irrespective of numerous difficulties, the company is still one of the leaders of the industry. To understand the essence of the lean leadership, it is crucial to consider some peculiarities of […]
Communication Challenges in Intercultural Interactions This essay aims to show that communication in intercultural interactions is hindered by the communication style, body language, stereotypes, the tendency to evaluate, high anxiety, and differences in ways of completing tasks.
ABC Manufacturing Company’s Organisational Structure and Culture So, the owner has vast knowledge in this sector, which helps him to contribute the company for future development; Resources: Now, the company has two brand new large and modern CNC centres with all essential […]
Impacts of Culture on Consumer Behaviour In addition, the impacts of the environment on the conduct of these consumers are made evident. For example, in the field of marketing, the phrase refers to acts and patterns of purchasing and buying.
Importance of Cultural Diversity Campaigns such as the Black Lives Matter may be attributed to lack of inclusion and appreciation of different cultures. For instance, the discussion of inclusivity in the 1970s focused on primary and secondary dimensions of […]
Communication Culture: Hall’s High and Low-Context Model of Culture The differences in the modes and styles of communication are due to diverse cultures of the people from different countries. The aim of this report is to evaluate the concept of different communication cultures through […]
Managing Cultural Diversity: A Case Analysis of Hilton Hotels Corporation The hospitality industry, in particular, is at the core of recent developments in globalization and labor migration as can be witnessed by the increasing mobility of the workforce and attempts within the industry to expand […]
The Kikuyu Community: Religion and Culture The community speaks the Kikuyu language. Kenya’s Kikuyu people are the most popular and largest ethnic group.
Celebrity Culture and Its Influence on Society Before discussing the way Angelina Jolie and other celebrities affect modern society, it is necessary to identify the origins of the celebrity culture.
My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) Cultural Analysis And the root of the word Miller is Greek and means apple in Greek. Overall, the treatment of the Greek culture in the movie is inelegant.
The United States of America’s Culture These are however just general views on what the American culture really is, the next section of this paper will go to the specifics, and zero in into the following factors that determine the true […]
Cultural Assimilation: Benefits and Challenges The mass migration of people leads to the fact that the population of the country is constantly growing, new nations come, and cultures are mixed, forming the so-called “melting pot”.
Social and Cultural Aspects of Pre-Colonial Africa in Chinua Achebe: Things Fall Apart The novel emphasize on the encounters of the pre-colonial Africa and the effect of British colonialism during the 19th century. Gender disparity is clear in this village and the crimes are identified with gender where […]
Cultural Diversity in the UAE: Social and Economic Development This view is in line with Rabah’s emphasis on the importance of respecting cultural diversity in the process of nation-building because the concept is useful in solving conflicts and developing solutions that are beneficial to […]
Managing Cultural Diversity in the Hospitality Industry This is common due to confusion and the inability to interact with others in the society. This refers to the level of integration in the society.
Religion and Cultural Belonging: “The Flea Palace” by Elif Shafak The old and the new, the Christianity and Islam, the East and the West are shown closely interconnected for example in the description of the two ancient cemeteries in Istanbul and in the development of […]
The Zulu Nation’s History and Culture The Zulu people live on the continent of Africa, in the southern part of it, which is known as KwaZulu-Natal. In this family, the husband stands for the chief, and institution of marriage is hallowed.
Ethnicity Essay: Cultural Background in the Daily Lives of Children and Young People The idea of a child according to Montgomery and Kellett refers to a representation of a whole category of young people that are identified by their age and intellectual development and also their social maturity […]
Tolerance and Respect for Cultural Differences The author concludes the essay in the third section by revisiting the thesis statement and highlighting the various approaches used to develop attitudes that promote respect and tolerance.
Apple’s Cross-Cultural Problems in China In the case of Apple, the main issues have to do with employee management issues mostly associated with working conditions and compliance to Chinese labor laws.
Culture and Development in Nigeria The following are some of the organizations that are concerned with cultural developments in Nigeria:- The African development bank is involved in major activities in the water sector and in sanitation projects across Nigeria.
Cultural Norms: Fair and Lovely and Advertising Is the advertising of Fair & Lovely demeaning to women or is it portraying a product not too similar to cosmetics in general?
Heritage Tourism and Cultural Tourism In the preservation of the sites for tourism purposes, it is clear that what is termed as the “culture of today” becomes the heritage of the future. There is a need to unveil the complexity […]
Cultural Pollution:Traditions and Historical Concepts The cultures traditions and historical concepts of the Middle East have over the centuries been characterised as by a distinct sense of variety that stems from a whirlwind of customs and traditions.
The Beautiful Country of Kazakhstan: Kazakh Culture The report on the culture must broaden the audience’s ideas about the country and explain some of the most respected traditions every Kazakh follows.
British and Brazilian People: Cultural Differences It is critical to make appointments in advance, not to begin business discussions before the host, and to be on time for a business meeting.
Adolf Hitler’s Cultural Theories in “Mein Kampf” So, according to Adolf Hitler, the foreign Aryan spirit was the awakener of Japanese people hence the bore a culture that they did not create.
East Meets West: Culture Differences He described the Japanese as the best people known among the heathens.[2] “Portuguese Views of Chinese”[3] is an account of the first impression the Portuguese had upon encountering the Chinese.
The Culture Industry According to Adorno and Horkheimer, the culture industry refers to the collection of all the aspects of technology in the modern society that brings change in the lifestyles of many.
Culture and Agriculture: Nature and Significance Understanding Seeing that agriculture shapes the society and defines the course of its further development, promoting the ideas of environmentalism and sustainability, it will be reasonable to assume that agriculture belongs to the domain of cultures.
Convergence vs. Divergence of Culture and Literature – Examples The notion of culture emerged for the first time in the course of the 18th century. It was used to identify the culture of the people.
Existential Therapy and Multicultural Perspective Paying attention to the entire idea of existential therapy, the exploring meaning and values of the issue will be considered referencing to the authenticity of the ideas, priorities, and values.
Culture and Communication: Egypt Egypt is the origin of the earliest civilizations and has taken an important position in the Middle East as the connection between the Arab and Europe regions.
Cultural Analysis – China and the Us In a bid to survive in such a market, it is crucial for the American investors to conduct a broad analysis of the cultural differences between China and the United States.
Cultural Identity Theory: “How to Be Chinese” by Celeste Ng Thus, while recognizing the role that the specified cultural signifiers have for Asian American people in their attempts to retain their cultural identity, Ng also demonstrates the urge to introduce immediate change to prevent the […]
Cultural Pride and Cultural Baggage One of the articles that was written by Kincaid gives her experiences in England which portrays her cultural baggage as she finds it quite hard to fit in this society and to adopt a similar […]
Cross Cultural Management and International Business In this essay we will focus on the role of culture in international business situations and also the strategies and frameworks that are appropriate in cross-cultural management.
Culture and Health Beliefs in Korea Buddhism and Confucianism have had the most profound impact on the spiritual world and the life of the Korean people, and more than half of the country’s cultural heritage is associated with these two religions.
Social Cultural Causes of Crime There is need to highlight the social cultural factors of crime and describe the necessary positive measures to prevent the occurrences of crime.
Born Red: A Chronicle of the Cultural Revolution With the fine details included in the memoir, it helps a reader to walk through the Chinese revolutionary era and witness the havoc that the revolution triggered by Mao Zedong had on the Chinese people. […]
Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication Styles Across Ethnic and Cultural Backgrounds In the essay, I discuss verbal and non-verbal communication styles across ethnic and cultural background, communication styles that a counselor may come across when dealing with culturally diverse clients and how a therapist can succeed […]
The Luo Culture of Kenya The Luo people are the indigenous people of Kenya living around lake Victoria, which lies in the western part of the country.
Italian Culture There is no post of the vice president in Italy and in the event that the president dies, elections will have to be held.
Multicultural Education Benefits: Functioning in a Pluralistic and Egalitarian Society Students are thus required to acquire knowledge and skills necessary to function effectively in a pluralistic and egalitarian society. The teacher is thus able to enhance socialization and transmission of culture while providing academic skills […]
The Nature of People and Culture The first key point is the understanding that culture is the framework of life and influences the aspects of life for every individual.
The Fashion of the Hippie Culture Studying the fashion of the hippie culture is important because it illustrates the changes that society had undergone in the 1960s not only with regards to the style of clothing that people wore but also […]
Hofstede’s Cultural Model in Negotiations It is important to include terms and conditions of the relationship as a measure of reducing conflicts where third parties are involved.
Political and Cultural Impact of Alexander the Great’s Conquests Due to many territories that he conquered, the dominion that Alexander the Great had was regarded as one of the greatest in the history of the world.
The Impact of the Internet in Culture and Daily Habits The growth of the internet has greatly improved our culture and society today with services it offers in the enrichment of our lives at work and at home.
Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: Structuralism and Post-Structuralism In the fields of literature, and design, architecture, in addition to marketing business and the interpretation of culture, history and law are started to analyze on the basis of post-structuralism in the nineteen sixties of […]
Campinha-Bacote’s Model of Cultural Competence It is valid to specify that the original title of the model is the Process of Cultural Competence in the Delivery of Healthcare Services.
Cross-Cultural Environment Negotiations: Japan and America Based on this understanding, this paper shows that understanding the need for neutrality, cultural sensitivity, and flexibility is the key to having a positive outcome in a cross-cultural business negotiation. To have a proper understanding […]
Material and Nonmaterial Culture of Middle East The cultural heritage of the Middle Eastern countries is rooted in the deep history of humanity. The states of this territory almost entirely belong to the countries of the eastern part of the Islamic world.
The “Brave” Intercultural Film Analysis In their discourse in the forest, the princess and her mother realized the need for relationship rebuilding, mending the bond that led to a solution for the kingdom’s survival.
Jamaican Family Cultural Practices The history of the Jamaicans in the United States began in 1619 when some blacks from Jamaica, as well as from the Caribbean islands migrated to the United States.
Cultural Identity in “White Teeth” by Zadie Smith Exploring the thematic significance of the novels title “White Teeth” it would be instrumental to argue that the title touches on the aspects of cultural identity.
Cultural Differences Among Families in the “Hotel Rwanda” Film Arguably, the existence of cultural differences between families across the lifespan is the most significant problem affecting the family of Rusesabagina as he attempts to play the role of a corporate manager and a family […]
The Role of Ethnocentrism in Intercultural Communication The only way to control ethnocentrism is to avoid biases as we find better ways to understand other people’s point of view.
Hall Stuart: Questions of Cultural Identity Hall states that it is important to theorize the notion of identity to make it more applicable. However, Hall still claims that it is important to understand what identity is.
Importance of Cross-Cultural Management in International Business As earlier pointed out, a vital requirement for success in an international business setup is the ability of managers to comprehend and appreciate other cultures across the world.
Three Stages of Cultural Development The main goal of this paper is to describe my personal experience along the lines of the stages of cultural development.
Emerson’s, Whitman’s and Thoreau’s Cultural Impact This movement was based on the belief in the unity of the world and God. The doctrine of “self-confidence” and individualism was developed by convincing the reader that the human soul was connected with God […]
Organizational Culture & Leadership: Whirlpool Corporation At the heart of the discussion of management and leadership are the concepts of goal setting and results. Common to both managers and leaders is the focus on the results they produce, which are based […]
Cultural Identity and Heritage in the “Everyday Use” by Alice Walker In the broad context, Walker designs the story to underscore the conflict that African Americans faced concerning their cultural identity and heritage after the abolition of slavery.
A Comparison Between Swedish and Australian Culture Impact of Culture on Life Experience and Belief System The interviewee explained that having been born in Sweden, where Lutheran is the main church, he followed the teachings of the Lutheran church.
Deaf in America: Voices From a Culture by Carol A. Padden, Tom L. Humphries Carol Padden and Tom Humphries, the authors of the book, “Deaf in America: voices from a culture”, state their intent in writing the book as that of presenting the culture of Deaf people in America.
Comparison of the Australian and Indonesian Culture On the other hand, Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest population in the world and it has over two hundred ethnic groups who use different languages. Marriage is also important in the […]
Impact of Globalization on the Maasai Peoples` Culture This essay will therefore focus on the roles the aforementioned forces have played in changing the culture of the Maasai. Moreover, tourism has resulted in environmental degradation which is putting the Maasai on the brink […]
Western Culture Impacts on the UAE Local Lifestyle One of the countries that observe the impact of western culture on the life of the young generation in the United Arad Emirates.
Culture and Identity: “The House on Mango Street” by Sandra Cisneros The past is a driving force for the future and it is hard to erase that part of an individual’s life.
Gang Culture in the USA: Symbols, Norms, Values The term culture refers to the norms and social behavior of a given community or group of people. Having the objects makes them feel brave and ready to act in the interest of the group […]
Cultural Diversity in the Play “Othello” It is the role of men to support women in this society, and that is why Desdemona’s father goes to court immediately, he is convinced that his daughter was bewitched by Othello.
Cultural Aspects in Different Societies For example, in some cultures, funerals represent a time of feasting and making merry whereas in majority of cultures funerals represent a time of grief and mourning. Their different cultures enable them to tolerate the […]
The Preservation of Our Cultural Heritage: Music for Entertainment and Communication Similar to how music plays a significant role in the lives of many people, it is an important aspect of history and culture.
The UAE Cultural Analysis: Adherence to Traditions, Cultural Beliefs, and Values The other important information for the pavement industry with regards to location is that the region lies in a longitude range of 56 to 25 degrees north and in a latitude range of 22 to […]
Cultural Hybridization: The Beliefs, Language, and Social Habits The interaction between the Tai, Han and Zhuang was through conflicts between the majority group, the Han in the Northern regions and the minority Zhuang and the Tai in the southern regions of China.
The Overall Effects of Cultural Diversity in the Hospitality Industry The report focuses on analyzing the overall effects of cultural diversity in the hospitality industry. The nature of the industry’s workplaces and the way they deal with the issues concerning management of cultural diversity.
Adorno and Horkheimer ‘The Culture Industry’ Review The underlying principle of this theory was to encourage the liberation of the user from the oppression of the manufacturers by inducing the user, to subject attitudes and beliefs to questioning.
Culture of the Dominican Republic In the end, we attempt to relate the relationship between each aspect and the developments in politics, economics and social lives of the Dominicans.
Body Ritual Among the Nacirema: Cultural Study For instance, the research by Professor Linton is qualitative in the aspect that it tries to unearth the cultural practices and belief system of the Nacirema people.
Kazakhstani Culture Through Hofstede’s Theory The purpose of the research paper is to discuss cultural similarities and dissimilarities, challenges of acculturation, helpful patterns of behavior, and look at the featured culture through the prism of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory.
Cultural Competence: Jamaican Heritage Self-reflection as a way to improve one’s cultural competence Jamaican cultural ancestry Addressing social norms, cultural beliefs, behaviors, and the impact on health care Self-reflection has been regarded as an effective way to self-develop […]
Culture and Health Correlation People’s culture influences the type of food they purchase and the way they prepare it, which is a vital determinant of health.
Geography, Peoples and Culture Areas of Oceania Oceania is a geographical region of the planet that is located in the central and western parts of the Pacific Ocean and is mostly composed of a large number of small islands and atolls.
Multicultural Education: Action Plan for Professional Development of the School’s Staff Multicultural education has to be emphasized in the discussion to make it the core of a future action plan for the next academic year. It is a chance for teachers to recognize their roles in […]
Greek Culture and Traditions The current culture and traditions is rich and varied representing the region’s customs has an overlap between the western culture and the eastern culture.
Servant Leadership in Indian Culture and Hindu Religion The basis of this approach is the reorientation of the values of the leader, who considers the empowerment of followers as a means and goal of his activity.
Cross Cultural Management Strategies: Brazil vs. America The failures in cross-cultural management mainly arise from the weaknesses of managers to consider the impact of cultural differences in their management practices.
Culture Comparison Between China and Japan In Japan, it can be proved by the fact that the name Japan is written in the Chinese Kanji and not the Japanese Katakana or Hiragana.
Indian Custom and Culture Community For example, there were various activities used to illustrate this marking, and these would include invitation and welcoming of the bridegroom, exchange of flower garlands, presentation of the would-be wife, the ceremony of the sacred […]
The Mughal Empire: Culture and Heritage The combination of the regions’ economic independence, the tensions between Hindus and Muslims, and the penetration of the subcontinent by the European economic powers led to the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Racial and Cultural Identity Development Model At the stage of dissonance, a person is in a conflict between group-appreciating and depreciating within the attitude toward self as well as in a conflict between the emotions of shared experiences and group-depreciating views […]
Consumerism Culture: Challenges and Solutions In order to avoid further spread of consumerism and its influence on popular culture, the government should introduce change to the education of children and their parents.
The Marriage Traditions of Wolof Culture These include the role that marriage plays in the family formation in the Wolof society, what the economic background of the plural marriages is, and which traditions describe the marriage ceremony of the Wolof culture.
The Cultural-Individual Dialectic and Social Nature of Intercultural Relationships This specific type of dialectics is based on the idea that communication of persons depends not only on cultural aspects and differences but also on their individual attributes and visions. Thus, the cultural-individual dialectic is […]
eBay in Japan, Its Strategic and Cultural Missteps Its strategy of purchasing local companies in target countries as a measure of the quick establishment made it thrive in the European and the American markets.
The Erosion of Cultural Differences and Globalised Consumer Culture This paper looks into globalisation via cultural perspective whereby the mobility of people in the contemporary world has facilitated the understanding of new cultures and identities in a globalised world.
Hospitality Industry: Coping with Culture Shock This is the same case in business because if an employee is transferred to a new working station and decides to introduce a different menu from the previous one, this menu is likely to better […]
Saudi Arabian Culture In this view, observation of Islamic beliefs, norms, values, and traditions enables people to understand the Saudi Arabian culture and adopt it.
Concept of Globalisation and Cultural Diversity The Concept of Globalisation Globalisation can be defined as the minimisation of the differences between people of the world and the maximisation of their similarities through interactions, cooperation and communication.
Cultural, Political, Economic and Legal Aspects of Doing Business in France The economy of this country is very strong, considered as the second largest in Europe, and fifth largest in the world.
How Geography Has Impacted the Development of Ancient Cultures They include: the Gobi and Taklamakan Deserts, the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers, and The Himalayas. To the Egyptians, the Nile River was also a source of transport, facilitating the movements of the people up and […]
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Cultural Diversity and Cultural Integration in Western Societies
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Culture Identity: Asian Culture
Principles of Effective Cross-Cultural Communication Essay
Cultural Assimilation, Acceptance and Identity in Julia Alvarez’s Poetry
Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective by Brettell & Sargent
Football Impact on England’s Culture
Language and Culture Interaction in English Language Teaching
Taiwan and the U.S. Cultural Elements
Authenticity in Cultural Tourism Sites: A Critical Discussion
Cultural Convergence: The Interactions Between Different Cultures
Cultural Diffusion: Factors and Effects
Dance Analysis: Social and Cultural Context
Hamlet’s Renaissance Culture Conflict
Identity, Language, and Culture
Differences in Culture between America and Sudan
Subjectivism and Cultural Relativism: Objections and Differences
Disney and Its Impact on Popular Culture and Society
IKEA Company’s Organizational Culture
Anthropological Approach to Culture
Diversity of Jamaican Culture
African Cultural Traditions and Communication
Culture Influence on Intimacy and Human Relationships
Culture and Identity as Depicted in Kay’s “Trumpet”
Socialization for the Transmission of Culture
Sustaining a Culture in Multinational Corporations
Threats of Globalization on Culture of Individual Countries
The “Friends” TV Show as a Cultural Artifact
Leading a Culture of Excellence in Healthcare Industry
Multicultural Communication and Its Origin
IKEA’s and Home Depot’s Cross-Cultural Management
Cultural Factors and Their Influence on Individuals
Cross Culture Management
Chinese New Year Foods: Chinese Culture and Traditions
Five Cultural Dimensions for Understanding the Values
Culturally Sensitive Care For Jehovah’s Witnesses
The Impact of Fashion Marketing on Culture
African and Western Culture in the “Touki Bouki” Film
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The Renaissance and Its Cultural, Political and Economic Influence
The Spread of European Culture
Culture, Language and Influences on Development
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Music and Its Effects on Culture
Organizational Culture of Google Incorporation
Intercultural Awareness and Multicultural Society in a Global Village
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Cultural Differences in International Business
Islamic Culture and Civilization
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American Culture Pros & Cons
Youth Culture and Globalization
Intercultural Understanding in Hala Alyan’s Poems
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Heritage Tourism vs. Cultural Tourism Definition
Ways in Which an Organization’s Culture is Transmitted to its Members
Global Business Cultural Analysis: Japan
The Influence of the Cultural Current “Modernism” on the Conception of Music in the 20th Century
Cultural Prostitution: Okinawa, Japan, and Hawaii
History of Multicultural America by Ronald Takaki
Vanilla: History, Culture and Production
Cultural Traditions and Practices in the Novel the Namesake by Jhumpa Lahiri
Haiti History and Culture
Culture Clash as a Great Conflict
Paisà (1946) by Roberto Rossellini: Style, Theme, and Cultural Value
Dubai’s Food, Dress Code and Culture
Cultural Criminology: Inside the Crime
Race Matters, Cancel Culture, and “Boys Go to Jupiter”
Qantas Airways: Cross Culture and Safety Management
Food, Eating Behavior, and Culture in Chinese Society
Does Copyright Enhance Creativity and Culture?
Intercultural Relations: Physical, Economic, and Linguistic
Japanese and Emirati Cultural Differences
Starbucks in China and Cross-Cultural Values
History: Cultural Exchanges in the Medieval Period
Intercultural Communication Patterns in the U.S. and UK
Cross-Cultural Sleeping Arrangements in Children
Struggle to Retain Culture: McDonaldization in China
Columbia Under Hofstede’s Cultural Analysis
Intercultural Relationships Importance
Culture, Subculture, and Their Differences
Enron Company’s Organisational Culture Problem
Compare and Contrast the Political Culture of Australia and Saudi Arabia
Cultural Belief System: Experiences and Traditions
Handy and Schein Models in Organizational Culture
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Organizational Culture and Physical Structure
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Mass Society and Popular Culture Theories
Cultural Diversity Management in the Workplace
The Influence of Heavy Metal on Japanese Culture
Implications of Korean Culture on Health
Gender Roles and Family Systems in Hispanic Culture
Cross-Cultural Marketing and Cultural Differences in Markets
Cultural Diversity in Hotel Industry
Arab Music and Cinema Development: Western Culture Impact
Coping With Cultural Shock and Adaptation to a New Culture
Subculture Theories: Response to the Dominant Culture
Cultural Traditions: Arranged vs. Autonomous Marriage
Sushi: History, Origin and the Cultural Landscape
Chicano Culture in “First Communion” by T. Rivera
Influence of Political, Social, and Cultural Issues
Cultural Significance of Flynn Rider in “Tangled” by Greno
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Matthew Arnold’s and Raymond Williams’ Ideas About Culture
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The Effects of Modern Popular Culture on Personal Beliefs and Values
Google’s Corporate Culture and its Success
Classroom Behavior and Culturally Diverse
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Billboard as an Element of the Popular Culture
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Colombia’s and the US’ Cultural Dimensions
Culture and Communication Problems in HRM
Muriel’s Wedding as a Representation of Australian Culture
Intercultural Communication Led by UNESCO
The Educational Organization’s Culture
Disneyland’s Cultural Dimension: USA v. France
Globalization: Not a Threat to Cultural Diversity
Beauty and Culture
Culture Values Expression through Humanities
Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality
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Intercultural Communication: Paul Haggis’ “Crash”
Multicultural Literature. Juliet Kono’s “Sashimi” Poem
Cross-Cultural Differences Between the US and Pakistan
The Culture of Smartness in Education
The Culture of the Nacirema Society
The Role of Chinese Hats in Chinese Culture
Irish Culture and Stereotypes in The Quiet Man
Cultural Diversity: Diversification and Integration
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HR Managers and Cultural Differences
Fundamentals of Intercultural Communication
Cultural, Legal, Economic, and Political Aspects of Doing Business in China
People and Culture in Morocco
Challenges of Effective Intercultural Communication
Tribal Tattoos: Cultural Appropriation and Appreciation
Cultural Change: Mechanisms and Examples
Socio-Cultural Approach of Humanity Examination
American Culture and Indian Culture Comparison
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Food Preferences and Nutrition Culture
Cultural Bias in Counseling Practices
The Role of Culture in Gospel Communication
Starbucks Corporation Organizational Culture
What Is the Relationship Between the Social Definition of Deviance and the Media’s Role in the Dissemination of Popular Culture?
Ways to Improve Intercultural Communication
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Bombas Firm’s Organizational Structure and Culture
Socio-Cultural Issues and Health Assessment in Nursing
Appropriations, Prejudices and Cultural Cruise Control: Overview
Western Pop Culture and Street Fashion of Japanese Youth
Marriott International: Analyzing Culture
Adorno’s Concept of Culture Industry
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Google Inc. Employees’ Intercultural Competencies
Indigenous Australian Culture, History, Importance
Competent Care: Filipino Cultural Assessment Model
“High” and “Low” Culture in Design
General Motors Company: Organizational Culture and Strengths
Symbol: The Basic Element of Culture
Cross Cultural Impacts on the Non-Verbal Communication
The Impact of Cultural and Religious Tourism on Communities
Angels and Insects: The Issue of Incest in the Pop-Culture
Clovis People Origin and Culture
Efficient Intercultural Interaction and Communication
Cultural Heritage of Oyo Empire in Africa
Jewish Family Cultural Perspective
The Influence of American Popular Culture on the Heroes of “The Bluest Eye”
Linguistic Repertoire: Language Identity and Culture
Cultural Products in Strategic Plan Development
The Japanese and the US Cultural Dimensions
Umm Al-Nar: Geoarchaeology and Cultural Heritage
Pop Culture and Print Media: Trends Propagated by the Print Media
Technology as a Form of Material Culture
Impacts of Culture on Formulation of International Marketing Strategies
A Discussion of Key Challenges Faced by MNCs in Developing a Cohesive & Inclusive Culture
How Chinese Culture Influences Foreign Businesses
Local Museums and Their Cultural Heritage
Honour Killings in the Yemeni Culture
Indian Culture and Its Distinctive Qualities
The Culture of Francis and Clare
Culture of Simping and Why One Should Stay Away From It
The Concept of “Cancel Culture”
Multicultural Diversity Conceptual Study
Singapore’s Culture and Social Institutions
Cultural Diversity in Correctional Facilities
Harry Potter Stories and Impact on Pop Culture
Bahrain Fashion: Culture and Antiquities
Porsche Brand’s Cultural Biography
The Egyptians and the Hindu Cultural Rites Comparison
Human Emotions Psychology: Rooting in Biology or Culture
Xaniths as a Transgender in Omani Culture
Cultural Linguistic Autobiography: An Experience of a Second Language
Cultural Revolution in China in “Hibiscus Town”
A Lesson Plan For the Multicultural Learning of Science
Cross-Cultural Management in Multinational Corporations
Punjabi: the Culture
The Impact of Nineteenth Century Photography on Visual Representation and the Development of Visual Culture
Kinship Organization of Yanomamo Culture
Stereotyping in the Human Culture
Concept of Cultural Differences in Society
Arab Culture and Teenagers
Cultural Revolution and Education in China During the 1960s-1970s
Effects of Globalization on Native Non-Western Cultural Practices
Business Culture and Muslim Financial Institutions
Clothing and Culture
Non-Material and Material Culture
Discussion: Cultural Roots and Routes
Culturally Informed Psychological Assessment
The Māori Culture of New Zealand
Researching of Rituals in Culture
Value and Meaning of Culture and Religion
The Importance of Understanding National Culture
The Parthenon and the Pantheon in Their Cultural Context
Ayasofya Building: Enriching Istanbul’s Culture
“The Woman Warrior” by Maxine Hong Kingston: Arguments About Prejudice, Gender, and Culture
Diverse Culture in the “Ongka’s Big Moka” Film
Nissan Motors Company: Cultural Change
Themes and Culture in Li Bai’s Poetry
Intercultural Communication in “Gran Torino” Movie
Celebrations in School Culture
Cabramatta’s Culture and Art
Cultural Sensitivity and Language Use
Born Red – The Chinese Cultural Revolution
Weird Chinese Foods: Cultural Practices and Eating Culture
Socio-Cultural Approach to Psychology
Cultural Differences in Arranged Marriages
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Culture and Society Through the Babylonian Sufferer
Henry Jenkins’ Theory of Convergence Culture
Cultural Appropriation: Christina Aguilera in Braids
History of Pop Music in the World: Cultural and Social Changes
Conflict Management in Japanese Culture
Race and Ethnicity in Three Pop Culture Artifacts
Japanese Popular Culture: Anime, Video Games, and the Film Industry
Nike, Inc.: The Corporate Culture
Cultural Competence Within the Healthcare System
IBM Company’s Multicultural Project Team Management
W.L. Gore Company’s Culture of Innovation
Caribbean Culture in Senior’s and Stewart’s Short Stories
Cultural Assimilation of International Students
Culturally Responsive Teaching
Abu Dhabi Tourism and Cultural Authority
Personal Development Plans: Teamwork and Culture Shock
Impact of Power on Organizational Culture
The Role of Culture in International Marketing
History, Culture and Language of Wales
Multicultural Counseling Theory and Multicultural Counselors
Verbal Culture: An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away
Cultural Diversity in Women and Sport Participation
Cross-Cultural Communication Between the French and German Communities in Switzerland
The Concepts of Culture
Socialization in a Multicultural Framework
Geological and Cultural Importance of Deer Creek Park (Colorado)
Caribbean Rum: History and Culture
Fashion as an Integral Aspect of Modern Culture: Identity Importance
Complexity of Managing Multinational Corporations: MNC Culture
Punjabi Culture and Threat to Survival
Christianity Social and Historical Impact on Western Culture
How Hutterites of Montana Maintain Their Culture and Effect It Has on State
Asian Community’s Cultural Values and Attitudes
Consumer vs. Organizational Buying and Culture
Cultural Identity: Problems, Coping, and Outcomes
Heritage and Cultural Tourism
Cross-Culture Conflicts in the Corning-Vitro Venture
Popular Culture in the History of the USA
Juno and Political, Social, and Cultural Ideology
Effect of Economy on Culture and Social Structure
African Art and Cultural Heritage
Cultural Influences on Big Five Personality Traits
Challenges of Adapting to Another Culture
The Siemens Company’s Ethical Culture Change
Discussion on Culture and News
Analysis of Culture and Environmental Problems
Influence of African-American Culture on Rock n Roll Music
Ancient Greek Culture, Philosophy and Science
The History of Guqin in Chinese Culture
Cultural Approaches to Healthcare Delivery in the US
Ethiopian Culture Impact on Perinatal Health Care
Brazil Food Culture and Dietary Patterns
Deaf Culture and Sign Language: Social Equality in Society
Gender Inequality: On the Influence of Culture and Religion
Organizational Culture in Educational Institution
Family and Culture: Major Problems Facing Families Around the World
Cross-Cultural Communication: Challenges and Solutions
Italian Stereotypes in the Modern Culture
The Impact of American Popular Culture on Society
Analysis of Cultural Phenomenon of Graffiti
Traditional Korean Music and Culture
Marvin Harris’ Cultural Materialism Concept
John Donne’s Poetry Relate to the Culture
Assumptions, Experiences, and Lessons Learned in Cross-Cultural Communication
Building High Performance Culture: Zappos
Tsuruoka Cultural Hall Project by SANAA Studio
Cultural Hybridity in Cisneros’ “The House on Mango Street”
Food, Customers, and Culture in the Grocery Store
Gender and Cultural Studies: Intimacy, Love and Friendship
Marriott Hotel’s Promotion of Intercultural Synergy
Multicultural Diversity and Performance in the Classroom
Cape Verde County’s Social and Cultural Problems
Intercultural Business Negotiations: Japan and America
The UK Cultural, Business and Political Environment
How the Internet Has Changed World Culture?
Intercultural Communication Barriers
Media in the US: Historical Development and Cultural Impact
Yemen’s History and Intercultural Analysis
Feminism and Respect for Culture
Socio-Cultural Concept in Tourism: Social and Cultural Factors
Californian Culture and History
Popular Culture – Madonna’s Significant Impact
The Problem of Expatriate Management in Multinationals – Adaptation to Foreign Culture
Culture and Innovation in Organizations
Cross-cultural Comparison Between the US and Japan
Hotpot Concept and Cultural Value
Procter and Gamble’s Organizational Culture
The Impact of the Culture on the Project Management
The Concept of Politeness in the Cross-Cultural Communication
Tourism & Cultural Change: A Critical Analysis
Social and Cultural Diversity Statement
HP Company Internal Politics and Culture
Intercultural Communication Perspectives
Class and Culture
Effects of Culture on People’s Learning Styles
Management of Cross-Cultural Diversity in Proxy Restaurant
How Cultural Beliefs, Values, Norms and Practices Influence Communication
Drinking Water and Culture in the Valley of Mexico
Russian Popular Culture: History, Development, and Effect of Technologies
Cheyenne Indians History and Culture
All Forms of Culture are of Equal Value
Critique on Throsby’s Article Cultural Capital
American Work Culture
The Business and Cultural Practices of Japan
Intercultural Communication in Society
Wolof Communities and Culture
The Role and Influence of Women in Western Culture
Business Culture and Values
Cross-Cultural Psychology Study
The Japanese Culture of Ukiyo-E and Ikebana
The General Motors Firm’s Cultural Crisis
Police Officers and Cultural Differences
Impact of Religion and Culture on Development
Culture, Globalization and Intercultural Adaptation
“Christ and Culture” the Book by H. Richard Niebuhr
Communication in a Cross-Cultural Project Team
James Rachel’s Speech About Cultural Relativism
Adolescents and Popular Culture: A Critical Analysis on Blogging Culture
Multicultural Society in “Onion Tears” by Diana Kidd
Multicultural Psychology as a Subspecialty of Psychology
Teaching Cultural Identities: A Lesson Plan
“Food Colombusing” and Cultural Appropriation
Religion in Intercultural Communication
Cultural Adaptation Plan: Comparing Canada and the Philippines
Cultural Awareness and Healthcare
Beowulf Character in Historical and Cultural Contexts
Discussion of Cultural Norms and Values
Art Education Preserving Ethno Cultural Identity
The National Museum of African-American History and Culture Digital Archive
Understanding Culture and Tradition as an Effective Way of Teaching Indigenous History
Family-Cultural Assessment
Protection of Cultural Property in Cyprus
Hofstede’s Study: Cultural Dimensions
Xerox: Organizational Culture and Change
The Blackfoot Indians Culture and Historical Heritage
About Counseling Cross-Culturally
Controversial Advertising: Producing Cultural Affect
Integrity in Organizational Culture and Ethical Theories
Place of Culture in the Development of World Literature
The Igbo Culture: Use of Proverbs, Folktales and Song
Corporate Culture: What Is Toyota Way?
The Essence of Cultural Ecology: The Main Tenets
African Civilizations. The Bantu Culture
The Effect of Global Technology on Intercultural Communication
Ecuador: A Country Study, Culture, People and History
Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication
Adopting Marketing Strategy Across Cultural and Religious Divides: McDonald’s Home Market and Turkey
Franco-Italian Intercultural Communication
Cultural Traditions. Quinceanera vs. Sweet 16
Effects of the Language Barrier on Intercultural Communication
Korean Popular Culture: Attractiveness and Popularity
Jazz Social Dance and Impact on American Culture
Culture and Public Administration Relationship in Canada
UK-Singapore Cultural Differences at Work
Cultural Background: Personal Journey
Philosophy of Multicultural Education
Culturally Responsive Practices in Early Childhood Education
Chinese Restaurant: Cultural and Aesthetic Perspectives
International Marketing Decisions: Culture Significance
Printing Culture and the Chinese Society
Etihad Airways: Organizational Culture
“Understanding Media and Culture” by Jack Lule
Cultural Assimilation in the “Spanglish” Movie
The News Media Role in the Culture of Fear
Folklore of Nova Scotia: Traditions and Culture
The Grass Dance Cultural Importance
The NBA 2K Game as the Element of Popular Culture
Cross-Cultural Management: Decision-Making
Genius of Western Culture – Lionel Richie
Horace Miner: Body Ritual Among the Nacirema
Latino Culture: Mexican-Americans and Puerto Rican Americans
Characteristics of Organizational Culture
Hofstede Labels the Chinese as a Collectivist Culture
Cross-Culture Project Cooperation
Effects of Technology on Culture
How Sociologists Understood Social and Cultural Change
Customer Trends in the UK and Thailand
African American Culture: Psychological Processes
Globalisation and Cultural Homogeneity
Sexual Harassment and Culture
Cultural Relativism and Ethics: Ethical Issues and Context
Chinese Culture in Movie “Raise the Red Lantern” by Zhang Yimou
Why Does Popular Culture Affect Us?
Why Does Culture Have a Prominent Position in I’m Research and Practice?
Why Culture Alone Cannot Explain Morality, and Why It Matters?
Who Was Right About Popular Culture?
When Does Culture Generate Local Development?
When Age and Culture Interact in an Easy and Yet Cognitively Demanding Task?
What Do Virtual Culture and the Information Revolution Mean?
What Would the Society Be Like Without Culture?
What Role Does Culture Play in Influencing Human Health?
How Has Globalization Affected Culture?
What Role Does Culture Play in the Definition of Mental Illness?
What Role Does Culture Play in the Development of an Effective Leader?
What Was the Difference Between High and Popular Culture in the Eighteenth Century?
Whether Immigrants Should Adopt the Local Culture?
Which Society and Culture Have the Greatest Impact on the World Past and Today, Chinese or Western?
Why Does Culture Attract and Resists Economic Analysis?
Why Do Eastern Culture Religions Appeal to the Western Culture?
Why Whites Embrace Black Culture, History, and Other?
Which Social Processes Are More Important in Shaping Individual Identity: Social Structures or Culture and Socialisation?
Where, When, and How African Culture Became a Part of the Culture of the Americas?
What May Culture Contribute to Urban Sustainability?
How Does Culture Affects How Students Interact?
How Has the Internet Changed World Culture?
How Does Culture Shapes the Economy?
How Harry Potter Changed the World?
How Radio, Advertising, Automobiles, and Movies Affected the Consumer Culture of the 1920S?
What Does History and Culture of a Civilization Shape?
What Does the Word Culture Mean?
What Do Epics Say About a Particular Culture?
Why Was Florence Considered Important for Culture and Arts?
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A List of 185 Interesting Cultural Topics to Write About

Culture is a set of knowledge, behaviors, and beliefs shared by a group of people. You would probably agree that it’s an integral part of humanity. It’s no wonder that students are often assigned to write about it.

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That’s why we came up with a list of interesting and creative culture essay topics. Whether you are writing a research paper, an essay, or a speech, our list of culture topics is for you. You can find various topics from popular culture and funny aspects of culture to cultural diversity. They will be useful for middle school, high school, and college students.

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🔝 Top 10 Topics
🏺 Western Culture Topics
📚✍️ Cultural Criticism
🎥 Cultural Phenomena
🧔👓 Subculture Topics
🧑🤝🧑 Socio-Cultural Topics
⛩️🕌 Cultural Diversity
👥 Cultural Anthropology

🔝 Top 10 Cultural Topics

What causes culture shock?
Cultural appropriation in fashion
The Cold War’s impact on culture
Women’s role in Italian culture
Global impact of American culture
How to preserve cultural diversity
Pros and cons of cultural globalization
Cultural differences in East Asian countries
How do people assimilate into a foreign culture?
Cultural background’s effect on one’s personality

🏺 Western Culture Topics to Write About

Much of today’s culture takes roots in the Western world. With this subject, the possibilities are endless! You can write about ancient civilizations or modern European culture. Sounds interesting? Then have a look at these topics:

Write about a Greek myth of your choice.
Research the history of the ancient Roman theater.
Pick a Greek philosopher and describe their legacy.
The heritage of the Roman Empire in the modern world.
Discover the history of the Olympic Games .
How did Christianity spread throughout Europe?
The architecture of ancient Britain.

How did the Great Plague influence western culture?
Write about the key Renaissance artists.
How did humanism emerge in British culture?
Pick a European country and analyze how its traditions developed.
The impact of the Renaissance on Europe’s worldview.
Research the latest archeological discoveries of western civilization.
How did the Protestant Reformation influence German culture?
The legacy of the Renaissance artworks.
What was the effect of the 1848 revolution on art?
The role of scientific discoveries in Europe’s socio-cultural formation.
Analyze the influence of colonization of African culture.
Describe the highlights of the Enlightenment period .
How did Brexit affect the British lifestyle?
Did the American Revolution bring change in culture?
What attitude does Poland have about their World War II heritage?
How did the technological revolution impact everyday life in Europe?
The influence of World War I on French culture.
Write about European fashion during a specific period.

📚✍️ Cultural Criticism Essay Topics

Cultural criticism looks at texts, music, and artworks through the lens of culture. This type of analysis suggests that culture gives an artwork a specific meaning. The following topics will guide you towards an excellent critical essay:

Analyze the cultural aspects of your favorite novel.
Ethnicity in Between the World and Me by Ta-Nehisi Coates .
What’s the meaning of financial stability in The Great Gatsby ?
Discover social changes in Margaret Mitchell’s Gone with the Wind .
The effect of industrialization in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath .
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and its context.
Representation of race in Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison .
Note the cultural features of The Hundred-Foot Journey by Richard C. Morais.
Write about the main character’s mindset in The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini .
What are the main character’s values in A Bronx Tale ?
Hispanic customs in The Tortilla Curtain by T. C. Boyle.
Discover cultural clashes in Fury by Salman Rushdie.
Pick a movie and analyze the cultural impact on your perception of the plot.
Discuss the beliefs of white women in The Help .
Does the movie My Big Fat Greek Wedding portray Greek-American culture correctly?
How did the background story in Slumdog Millionaire change your perception of the main character?
What’s the meaning of gender in Bend It Like Beckham ?
Far and Away : integration into a new society.
Pick a painting and analyze its cultural background.

Culture can be divided into two equally categories.

Compare depictions of Christ from different continents.
Discover the context of Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People .
What’s the context of Punjabi Ladies Near a Village Well ?
Discuss the symbolism of Girl with a Pearl Earring .
Write about social roles based on Homer among the Greeks by Gustav Jäger.
Select a song and analyze how culture is reflected in the lyrics.

🎥 Cultural Phenomena Topics for an Essay

Cultural phenomena refer to developing certain beliefs or preferences among many people. It is also called the bandwagon effect . Keep in mind that the fact of something becoming popular is not a phenomenon. This notion is more concerned with the process of gaining fame than with fame itself. Take a look at these helpful topic ideas for your paper:

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Describe any cultural phenomenon in your area.
Reasons why TikTok gained popularity in the U.S.
How did the Pokemon Go! fad spread across the world?
Analyze the percentage of people worldwide who like McDonald’s .
What factors made “the dab” popular?
Can the bandwagon effect explain bullying
Discover cross-cultural fashion trends.
Does social media facilitate cultural phenomena?
Pick a celebrity and analyze their fanbase.
How can you explain the high demand for Apple products?
What made sitcoms popular?
Write about Thanksgiving celebrations outside the U.S.
Reasons why famous authors from the past remain influential.
Does effective marketing cause the bandwagon effect?
Discuss the tendency to follow trends for social acceptance.
Choose a classic movie and analyze its popularity.
Examine similar TV talent shows across nations.
Discover why some dishes are considered “America’s favorite.”
Explore the psychological side of cultural phenomena.
List criteria needed for becoming a famous musician.
Analyze the bandwagon effect in history.
Why was holocaust normalized in some nations?
Explain why Nike products are popular all over the world.
Did the bandwagon effect play a part in the Renaissance?
Can the spread of religious beliefs be called a cultural phenomenon?

🧔👓 Subculture Topics for an Essay

The term “subculture” means “a culture within a culture.” In other words, it’s a smaller group, inside a larger one, with its own beliefs and interests. You can write about a specific subculture or discover why such groups form. Feel free to use these essay topics:

Write about the athletic community.
Are marketing strategies aimed at subcultures effective?
Why is the deviation from social norms considered dangerous?
What makes the Amish stand out?
Can a subculture serve as a basis for a culture?
Does the U.S. benefit from cybersport?

Tell about a social group that you’re a part of.
Clothes as an identifier of a subculture.
Pick a religious organization and describe it.
Why did the anime community grow worldwide?
Explain why some subcultures are considered dangerous.
How do social groups emerge?
Should parents encourage children to join an interest group?
Describe the way people develop mutual beliefs cross-culturally.
How does social media influence one’s lifestyle?
Which interest group does your family belong to?
Do subcultures benefit society?
Analyze the Social Disorganization Theory concerning subcultures.
How did hipsters influence global fashion trends?
What are the requirements for becoming a skater?
Discover the history and lifestyle of Goths .
What is the basis of scumbro culture?
Belonging to an interest group as a healthy social practice.
What are the most popular subcultures amongst generation Z ?
Discuss the importance of the hairstyle for subcultures.

🧑🤝🧑 Socio-Cultural Essay Topics

Let’s break the word “socio-cultural” in two parts. Social aspects include people, their roles, and available resources. Cultural factors refer to language, laws, religion, and values. Therefore, socio-cultural issues revolve around the unique design of a specific culture. Here are some topic ideas on this subject that you might find helpful.

Describe the social stigma attached to single mothers .
What pushes the elderly to the edge of poverty?
Do marketing strategies vary from country to country?
Is receiving psychological assistance culturally accepted in developing countries?
Can art be misunderstood because of the socio-cultural context?
Compare the average wage in the U.S. and the country of your choice.
Does the increased use of technology in schools affect society?
What factors push Americans to abuse drugs?
Which socio-cultural aspects make drunkenness acceptable?
Describe the social environment in a country that legalizes slavery.
Why do Christians get persecuted in some countries?
How does information overload impact modern teenagers?
Is child abuse justified outside the U.S.?
Does technology affect the emotional maturity of children?
Free education in Europe: pros and cons.
Prove that the U.S. healthcare system should help the homeless.
How often does cyberbullying occur worldwide?
What does successful life mean for a third world country citizen?
Does globalization put the national identity in danger?
The importance of developing cultural sensitivity .
Write about various religions in America.

Discuss the correlation between the economic level and crime rates .
Manifestations of ethical egoism in modern society.
Cross-cultural missionary work: pros and cons.
Does social stigma towards HIV contribute to its spread?

⛩️🕌 Cultural Diversity Topics for an Essay

America is one of the most diverse nations in the world. Each culture has its language, customs, and other factors that enrich a country like the U.S. The life of a culturally diverse community has its advantages and challenges. In your paper, unpack one of the aspects of such an environment. Take a look at these essay topics:

Discuss ethnic groups within the U.S. which have the highest suicide rate.
Is it essential for American psychologists to develop cultural competence ?
Describe the basic principles of cultural respect.
Prove that racism should not be tolerated.
Does the American education system embrace ethnic minorities?
Analyze the benefit of ethnic inclusiveness for the U.S. food industry.
How can managers encourage a multiethnic environment in the workplace?
White about the challenges of second-generation Americans.
Should the term “immigrant” be banned?
Discuss the advantages of the U.S. as a multicultural nation.
Prove that the English language proficiency test shouldn’t be required for U.S. citizenship.
What is the effect of prejudice against ethnic minorities?
How does diversity find a place in American traditions ?
Describe the culture shock experience of an international student.
Is transracial adoption becoming more common in the U.S.?
What is cultural narcissism, and how can you avoid it?
Effective strategies for conflict resolution in a diverse environment.
What multiculturalism policies currently exist in the U.S.?
Analyze the heritage of a specific nation.
Should learning a second language be mandatory in America?
What are the stereotypes associated with different ethnicities?
Describe the benefits of ethnic diversity.
Write about the widespread interracial marriages in the U.S.
How can one avoid cultural ignorance?
Are the Americans guilty of ethnocentrism ?

👥 Cultural Anthropology Topics for a Paper

Cultural anthropology is a study of beliefs, practices, and social organization of a group. The shaping of ideas and the physical environment are in the focus of this study. In other words, anthropology discovers why people live the way they do. This list will help narrow down your attention on this subject.

Why are social networks commonly used in the U.S.?
Explain the popularity of online shopping worldwide.
Will e-books replace paper books in developed countries?
Artificial intelligence technologies in Japan.
Pick two American states and compare their laws.
Why is cycling so prevalent in the Netherlands?
How architecture reflects a nation’s history.
Why is it easier to receive citizenship in some countries than in others?
Explain why Americans have a strong sense of national pride.
Analyze the perception of time in tropical countries.
Are most Swiss households wealthy?
Discover how language reflects a cultural worldview.
Does the country’s economy affect the self-esteem of its citizens?
Reasons for the political division in the U.S.
Analyze the difference in lifestyles between the Northern and the Southern states .
Why is it common in some countries to be bilingual ?
Analyze the cultural values of a communistic nation.
How can liberalism affect the education system?
What’s the social meaning of disease in third world countries?
Examine how the two-child policy affects the Chinese lifestyle.
Free health care: pros and cons.
Write about the way the former Soviet Union countries transitioned from communism.
Do Christian traditions vary from culture to culture?
Analyze the impact of refugee presence in European countries.
Does traditional food reflect the history of a nation?

We hope you were able to pick a culture topic for your paper after reading this article.

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🔍 References

So You’re an American?: State.gov
A Brief History of Western Culture: Khan Academy
What Exactly is “Western Culture”?: University of California, Santa Barbara
What is Cultural Criticism?: University of Saskatchewan
What is a Subculture?: Grinnell College
Socio-Cultural Factors and International Competitiveness: ResearchGate
Cultural Diversity: Definition & Meaning: Purdue Global
What Is Cultural Anthropology?: US National Park Service
Cultural Anthropology: Encyclopedia Britannica
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Cultural anthropology.

Cultural Anthropology publishes ethnographic writing informed by a wide array of theoretical perspectives, innovative in form and content, and focused on both traditional and emerging topics. It also welcomes essays concerned with ethnographic methods and research design in historical perspective, and with ways cultural analysis can address broader public audiences and interests.

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Vol. 39 No. 1 (2024)

We present six original papers in this issue as well as the inaugural guest commentary.

When the Society for Cultural Anthropology selected our distributed, international editorial collective to lead Cultural Anthropology , they did so in part to support our commitment to opening channels of this crucial platform of our discipline beyond the scope of privileged, endowed higher educational institutions in the United States. As one step of this process, in this issue we provide space to the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma to describe their work since the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) in 1990. As Deanna L. Byrd, the NAGPRA Liaison-Coordinator and Research and Outreach Program Manager of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, and Ian Thompson, the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, writes, since that time, “Native American communities gained a measure of say in how ancestral burials are treated on federal lands. The law also established a mechanism to help Native American, Alaskan, and Native Hawaiian communities have open dialogue with institutions across the country about the return of their ancestors, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony.”

In dialogue with critical disability studies, Eliza Williamson zooms in the everyday practices of Bahian mothers with children diagnosed with Congenital Zika Syndrome. Mothers, she shows, assert their children’s personhood by refusing their medically diagnosed lack of futurity through what she defines as habilitative care: “a bodymind potentializing set of practices” involving a myriad of “substances, technologies and techniques understood to encourage maximum potential development of embodied abilities in young disabled children.”

Leniqueca Welcome delves into unaccounted forms of violence on and in those “who occupy the category of poor black woman in Trinidad” to develop a “capacious, relational and historically layered” approach to entangled forms of gender-based violence and life searching. In so doing, a sharp critique of the masculinist state and legacies of colonial extraction emerges.

By spending time with loggers, timber industrialists, and state technocrats across Peru’s Amazonian region of Loreto, Eduardo Romero Dianderas tracks technical maneuvers and political controversies around timber volumetric calculation. Far from a mathematical abstraction, his ethnography invites us to think that the practice of volume-making—scaling, standardizing, and accounting for timber—is a contact zone in which “power, history and bodily experience” saturate a crucial operation for global environmental governance.

Focusing on demonstrations held outside Yangon, Myanmar, in favor of a plan to build a New Yangon City, Courtney Wittekind’s article intervenes in the binaries of “truth” versus “falsity” and “genuine” versus “fake” to advance an anthropological theorization of demonstration, speculation, and spectacle.

For centuries, the Curse of Ham, the originary anti-Black myth of the Abrahamic faiths, functioned as the foundational and legitimating narrative of white supremacist ideology across the African continent. To Justin Haruyama’s disconcertment, this was also the narrative invoked by some of his Zambian informants to explain the predicament of Black people today. In his paper for this issue, Haruyama stages a conversation with Black liberation theology to suggest that these narratives articulated, however, a profound refutation of liberal egalitarianism and, from the situated premises of a transnational Zambian perspective, put forward an alternative vision for a decolonial abolitionist anthropology.

In his article, Ramy Aly interrogates the anthropology of ethics and revolution in dialogue with a phenomenological and situated account of the 2011 January Egyptian Revolution. He does it through the experiences and narratives of those that were too young to take part in street protests and political movements but for whom the revolution still takes precedent in everyday practices of self-making.

Cover and table-of-contents image by Eduardo Romero Dianderas.

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Habilitating Bodyminds, Caring for Potential: Disability Therapeutics after Zika in Bahia, Brazil

On and in their bodies: masculinist violence, criminalization, and black womanhood in trinidad, volumes: the politics of calculation in contemporary peruvian amazonia, “take our land” : fronts, fraud, and fake farmers in a city-to-come, anti-blackness and moral repair: the curse of ham, biblical kinship, and the limits of liberalism, the ordinariness of ethics and the extraordinariness of revolution: ethical selves and the egyptian january revolution at home and school, curated collections.

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Published: 06 March 2023

A bibliometric analysis of cultural heritage research in the humanities: The Web of Science as a tool of knowledge management

Ionela Vlase ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5117-3783 1 &
Tuuli Lähdesmäki ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-489X 2

Humanities and Social Sciences Communications volume 10 , Article number: 84 ( 2023 ) Cite this article

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Substantial research on the topic of cultural heritage has been conducted over the past two decades. At the same time, the overall output volume of journals and citation metrics have become important parameters in assessing and ranking researchers’ performance. Even though the scholarly interest in cultural heritage has recently increased world-wide, a comprehensive analysis of the publication output volume and its correlation to the shift in the cultural heritage regime starting in 2003 is still lacking. The article aims to understand the role of Web of Science (WOS) as a tool of knowledge management in academia by drawing on the scholarly output volume, the patterns displayed by this volume, and the intellectual structure of cultural heritage research based on WOS-indexed journal articles. The data include 1843 journal articles published between 2003 and 2022 and indexed in the WOS Core Collection. The article draws on a bibliometric analysis by using WOS tools and employing VOSviewer software to map and visualize hidden patterns of research collaboration and avenues of knowledge progress. The cultural heritage research indexed in WOS was found to be Eurocentric, corresponding to the increasing funding provided by European national and supranational agencies for research funding. Although the indexed research has grown significantly, the bulk of studies on cultural heritage in WOS is concentrated in a reduced number of European institutions and countries, written by a small number of prolific authors, with relatively poor collaborative ties emerging across time between authors, institutions, and countries. The central themes reflect the development of digital technologies and increased participatory emphasis in cultural heritage care. This article brings new insights into the analysis of the cultural heritage research in correlation with the emergence of international heritage governance with new institutional actors, professional networks, and international agreements, which are all constitutive elements of scientific production. The article seeks to critically assess and discuss the results and the role of WOS as a tool of knowledge management in academia.

Determinants of behaviour and their efficacy as targets of behavioural change interventions

A remarkable assemblage of petroglyphs and dinosaur footprints in Northeast Brazil

Interviews in the social sciences

Introduction.

Cultural heritage is a multidisciplinary topic that has garnered increasing scholarly interest world-wide during the past few decades (Waterton and Smith, 2009 ; Harrison, 2013b ; Lähdesmäki et al., 2020 ; SoPHIA, 2020 ). This interest is reflected in the launch of new research centers, study programs, scholarly associations, conference and seminar series, and research projects that go beyond the traditional view of cultural heritage as material objects requiring conservation and preservation. Publication has a central role in strengthening cultural heritage scholarship: more and more studies are published in peer-reviewed journals on topics ranging from natural to social sciences and from education to the humanities. The increase of publications on cultural heritage across a wider range of publication fora corresponds to the general increase of publication output volume in academia (see for a general tendency, e.g., Kyvik and Aksnes, 2015 ; Fire and Guestrin, 2019 ). Cultural heritage scholarship is not only on its way to become international, but also seeks to improve its quality according to productivity metrics and quality assessment methods borrowed from natural sciences.

Even though scholarly interest in cultural heritage has recently strengthened and extended to cover a broad spectrum of topics, the scholarship’s tradition has its roots in the humanities, more particularly in the rise of antiquarianism, the emergence of archeology, and the collecting of antiquities and other rarities in fifteenth- and sixteenth-century Europe. This history is well documented in the literature (see e.g., MacGregor, 2007 ; Bahn, 2014 ; Miller, 2017 ). Since the early nineteenth century, research on cultural heritage has served various nationalist agendas: histories of cultural heritage and practices of exhibiting and conserving it have played (and often still play) an important role in the construction of nation-states and national identities (see e.g., Gillis, 1994 ; Aronsson and Elgenius, 2015 ; Huber, 2021 ). In the twentieth century, the destruction of material cultural heritage during the World Wars and, after the wars, the emergence of international heritage governance with new institutional actors, professional networks, and international agreements such as UNESCO and its heritage conventions stimulated professional interest in heritage conservation and legislation. The institutional and legislative development of the field has been broadly explored in the literature (see e.g., Bendix et al., 2013 ; Swenson, 2016 ; Meskell, 2018 ). At the end of the twentieth century, cultural heritage scholarship was broadened by new critical approaches. For instance, the established uses of cultural heritage were criticized by several researchers scrutinizing how nationalist sentiments and collective identities have been created through the invention of traditions (Hobsbawm and Ranger, 1983 ), the fabrication of heritage myths (Lowenthal, 1985 ), or by cultivating nostalgia for the past (Hewison, 1987 ). In the following decades, cultural heritage research was enriched by advancements in memory studies (e.g., Macdonald, 2013 ; van Huis et al., 2019 ) and the investigation of previously un-told or marginalized histories and heritage narratives of minorities and indigenous people (e.g., Seglow, 2018 ). Such interests reflect the critical turn in heritage studies starting with the 2000s, as we will show in the present article. During the past two decades, the scope of cultural heritage research has continued to expand when scholars have approached it as a discursive and performative practice (e.g., Smith, 2006 ; Waterton and Smith, 2009 ; Lähdesmäki et al., 2019 ), an affective and embodied experience (e.g., Waterton and Watson, 2015 ), and/or emphasized its social, societal, political, ideological, economic, and touristic meanings (e.g.; Ashworth et al., 2007 ; Chirikure et al., 2010 ; Zhu, 2021 ; Lähdesmäki et al., 2020 ). Moreover, recent research has explored cultural heritage as a source of individual and social well-being (e.g., Wallace and Beel, 2021 ), an asset for equal, inclusive, and fair societies (e.g., Silverman and Ruggles, 2007 ; Logan, 2012 ), and a key for sustainable futures (e.g., Harrison et al., 2020 ).

The development of cultural heritage scholarship is reflected not only in the extended scope of research and in the sheer quantity of publications, but also in the publication’s scholarly quality and recognition in international publication indexes. Among research databases, for instance, ProQuest Central yields 30,809 results in a field search for peer-reviewed publications with the search term ‘cultural heritage’. Only a small portion of these publications is, however, included in the most established and highly ranked scholarly journal database, such as the Web of Science (WOS).

WOS is one of the core global providers of knowledge, encompassing more than 50,000,000 articles covering 250 scientific categories and about 150 research areas; the articles’ performance is assessed through different indicators, quantifying their impact in terms of citations (Cancino et al., 2017 ). Since the 2000s, publication output volume and citation metrics have become important parameters in assessing and ranking academic researchers’ performance (Fischer et al., 2012 ; Fire and Guestrin, 2019 ; Wahid et al., 2022 ), even though scholars are aware of the shortcomings of these metrics (Wilsdon, 2016 ).

Even though cultural heritage scholarship includes a broad body of literature, as well as literary reviews on more specific topics, such as the social and economic value of heritage (Dümcke and Gnedovsky, 2013 ), the societal impact of cultural heritage (SoPHIA, 2020 ), climate change and cultural heritage (Orr et al., 2021 ), contested heritage (Liu et al., 2021 ), or heritage diplomacy (Lähdesmäki and Čeginskas, 2022 )—to mention just a few—the scholarship still lacks a comprehensive analysis exploring publication volume and its patterning in relation to structural forces such as the change in cultural heritage regimes and the emergence of new powerful institutional actors that shape this scientific production. The core objective of our article is to uncover such patterns and understand the intellectual structure of cultural heritage research that is regarded as high-quality due to its presence in one of the most respectable journal databases. Our article contributes to cultural heritage research by providing knowledge on the recent evolution of publication volume and the particularities of this output while paying attention to the cultural heritage regime structuring the intellectual field in heritage studies (Bourdieu, 1983 ). Moreover, our article contributes to the research of knowledge production by underlining the position of journal databases and the information they collect and provide as a means of producing and structuring knowledge. We understand WOS as a knowledge management tool in academia. As one of the core global providers of bibliometric data, WOS identifies, organizes, and disseminates information on scholarly production and therefore exerts a significant impact on the reputation of different research fields.

In order to reach our objectives, we conducted a bibliometric analysis using WOS ‘analyze results’ and ‘citation reports’ tools to generate descriptive statistics on the growth and impact of 1843 journal articles indexed in WOS. To explore the interdependency of authorship and key topics in the dataset, we then made use of the VOSviewer software to visualize networks of co-authorship and co-occurrences of clustered keywords showing different patterns of research collaborations between authors, institutions, and countries, as well as prominent inter-related lines of inquiry related to cultural heritage. By employing these tools, we seek to illustrate the WOS-indexed evolution of cultural heritage research conducted in the multidisciplinary humanities over the past 20 years.

A wide range of scholars have utilized WOS as a data source for bibliometric studies (Donthu et al., 2021 ; Crețu and Morândău, 2022 ; Wahid et al., 2022 ). These studies indicate how bibliometric analysis can bring out recent thematic tendencies and explain changes in publication output volume to help researchers make informed decisions about their future work (Cancino et al., 2017 ). However, scholars have noted the limitations of bibliometric analysis and of WOS as a source of data (Holden et al., 2005 ; Cascajares et al., 2021 ). One of these shortcomings is that disciplinary differences in the indexation process can have a great influence on citation. Moreover, bibliometric analysis draws on the assumption that citation reflects the quality of the cited source and that all citations are equally important (Poole, 2015 ), which is not necessarily the case. The humanities were among the last to adopt the bibliometric performance assessment, leading to bibliometric studies in different fields. We identified four studies that have utilized the method in order to explore literature on certain sub-fields or topics in cultural heritage research. Kumar et al. ( 2020 ), Bhowmik ( 2021 ), and Zhang et al. ( 2022 ) have conducted bibliometric analyses to show the development of the main topics in heritage tourism research, as well as its most prominent authors, research institutions, and their host countries. In their article, Zhu et al. ( 2022 ) conducted bibliometric mapping and visualization of literature on historical wall paintings, revealing its main thematic focuses and the correlation between the most productive authors and key research institutions. Chen et al. ( 2020 ) used the WOS database and CiteSpace bibliometric analysis software in their study in order to explore articles on intangible cultural heritage.

Our article builds on the previous bibliometric research seeking to map, visualize, explain, and understand the publication output volume, the patterns distinguished in the output, and the interdependencies of cultural heritage scholarship. We also draw on previous criticism directed against the method and seek to critically assess the WOS as a tool of knowledge management. The article is structured into five sections. After the introduction, we explain how we built our dataset of bibliometric information for 1843 articles on cultural heritage and describe the growth of this scholarly output over time, across countries, and in the most populated research areas and most used languages. Next, we map the patterns of cultural heritage publications in the humanities to reveal emerging collaborative networks between authors, research institutions, and countries, as well as the most prevalent thematic clusters of cultural heritage research and the recent knowledge-oriented approaches. Subsequently, we discuss the results in the context of the development of cultural heritage research during the past two decades, particularly against the backdrop of its critical turn and the generative matrix of the shifting cultural heritage regime. Finally, we summarize how WOS manages the knowledge on cultural heritage research, discuss the limitations of our study, and suggest future research avenues for scholars working on cultural heritage.

Data and methodology

To achieve our aim, we selected the most appropriate methods and techniques of bibliometric analysis described by Donthu et al. ( 2021 ). Bibliometric analysis is used to detect trends in research evolution within a specific field, to point towards emerging topics shaping the intellectual advancements in that field, as well as to reveal patterns of collaboration among prolific researchers, their countries, and the institutions they are affiliated with. The recent developments in bibliometric analysis allow for the use of various techniques enabling scientists to make sense of large unstructured data that show the growth and impact of relevant publications selected in accordance with the objectives of each bibliometric study, which usually revolve around identifying knowledge gaps within a research topic, informing researchers about the state-of-the-art, and eliciting new research questions. We use common variants of bibliometric analysis such as performance analysis and science mapping . The former is used to profile relevant research constituents such as authors, institutions, journals, and countries. The latter enables us to understand the relationship between these research constituents by drawing on visual tools such as those provided by VOSviewer software. While performance analysis uses quantitative indicators (e.g., number of total publications, by year, publication, or country, citations per research item), science mapping focuses on patterns of collaboration between selected units (e.g., authors, institutions, countries) to document the social interactions shaping the intellectual structure of research on a topic within a timeframe. In the VOSviewer software, we conducted a co-authorship analysis at the levels of authors, institutions, and countries. Subsequently, we have examined the emerging themes connected to cultural heritage by using co-occurrence analysis based on the assumption that frequently co-occurring keywords bear a strong thematic relationship and therefore, the resulting clusters of these keywords in articles indicate the emergence of subtopics that share an inner consistency as ‘communities of topics,’ characterized by a ‘latent relationship between those topics’ (Emich et al., 2020 , p. 662).

Based on these methodological considerations and seeking to understand the evolutionary trends of cultural heritage research across humanities over the last two decades, we collected the data from Web of Science (WOS) by introducing ‘cultural heritage’ in the topic (TS) search field of WOS while maintaining the quotation marks, so that the bibliographic results include this search string as it is instead of separate occurrences of the words ‘cultural’ and ‘heritage,’ that would have yielded results that do not fit the topic of cultural heritage. This selection procedure is informed by recent developments in search strategies using search strings (Ng et al., 2022 ) and by similar bibliometric research on intangible cultural heritage (Chen et al., 2020 ). Following such prior studies based on WOS, we have privileged the Topic (TS) search field over the Title (TI) field, which would have limited the results to documents referring to ‘cultural heritage’ in their titles while omitting a large number of relevant studies engaging with cultural heritage that do not mention these search strings in the title but do so within their abstracts or keywords. As our article aimed at mapping the cultural heritage research in the humanities, regardless of its tangible or intangible form, our search strategy ensured that search results cover indexed documents that contain the search string ‘cultural heritage’ within the title, abstract, or keywords. Out of the 27,205 results of the initial query produced on August 5, 2022, when the search was run on the full period covering WOS recorded documents, we have excluded those that were classified by WOS in categories other than humanities by refining the results by using the WOS category filter of ‘Humanities Multidisciplinary’. This filter yielded 2410 documents, almost 9% of those identified by the initial query (see Table 1 ). Subsequently, we used the WOS document type filter to remove the documents classified other than ‘article’ from the dataset, which reduced our sample to 1,845 entries. Beyond—but increasingly within—the humanities, articles are commonly considered more important scientific contributions than conference proceedings, book reviews, or editorials, and are therefore worth taking into consideration in bibliometric studies (Su et al., 2019 ).

The present article is focused on the development of cultural heritage research over the past two decades, that were marked by the shift in the cultural heritage regime (Cokisler, 2018 ; Hølleland and Niklasson, 2020 ). This shift draws on the development in international and national heritage governance and management. During the past 20 years, the core international conventions established by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and charters by International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) have provided new guidelines and management principles, for instance, for safeguarding the intangible cultural heritage (by UNESCO in 2003), the preservation of digital heritage (by UNESCO in 2003), interpreting and presenting cultural heritage (by ICOMOS in 2008), the conservation of architectural heritage (by ICOMOS in 2003), industrial heritage (by ICOMOS in 2011), historical urban landscapes (by UNESCO in 2011), and the management of rural landscapes as heritage (by ICOMOS in 2017). Moreover, several international conventions and guidelines, such as the Council of Europe’s so-called Faro Convention (established in 2005), have emphasized the need to better acknowledge the economic and social value of cultural heritage and the significance of promoting citizens’ right to access and participate in heritage. Against this backdrop, national and international bodies have designed governance strategies geared towards the preservation of cultural heritage and the increase of funding dedicated to its research, as reflected in the prominent role occupied by topics related to cultural heritage in the European Union’s recent research and innovation program HORIZON EUROPE for 2023–2024 (EC European Commission, 2022 ). Acknowledging that the production of scholarly literature on cultural heritage is shaped by powerful structural forces in which researchers are assimilated (Bourdieu, 1983 ), we only consider articles published after 2003, i.e., that are linked to the turn in the heritage regime, and therefore exclude earlier documents. The final dataset encompasses 1843 articles. Regarding the language, no restriction was applied during the search phases, but the 1843 articles were commonly published in English (71%), followed by Spanish (6.7%) and Russian (6.3%) (see Table 2 ). For the articles published in other languages, WOS policy requires publishers to also provide titles, keywords, and abstracts in English.

The final search result encompassing 1843 articles was saved as a marked list in WOS. The data was exported as a tab-delimited file using the full record and cited references option to enable subsequent science mapping using the VOSviewer software (version 1.6.16). VOSviewer was used to trace several item clusters (authors, institutions, countries, keywords, or other information from the dataset) based on their high similarity and their dissimilarity with items from other clusters. In the resulting figures, the size of the dots shows the prevalence of an item (e.g., prolific authors, journals, institutions, countries, and frequently co-occurring keywords), while clusters of dots are visually represented through distinct colors. We look at two variables: the co-authorship network at the level of researchers, organizations, and countries, as well as the co-occurrence of author keywords. Therefore, the dots represent authors, institutions, countries, and keywords.

The most populated research areas within Humanities (when looking at the number of publications on cultural heritage in multidisciplinary collaboration with a humanities discipline) are ‘Social Sciences Other Topics’ and ‘Science Technology Other Topics’, while ‘Linguistics’ and ‘Area Studies’ are less popular. The first ten research areas selected in Table 3 account for half of the sampled articles in our dataset.

The production of scholarly articles on cultural heritage over time

The steady growth of research on cultural heritage over the last 20 years increases exponentially starting from 2017. 1509 articles were published during the past six years (about 82% of the documents included in the final dataset). This growth can be explained as the result of large funding provided by supranational bodies such as the European Commission and other national funders such as UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) and the National Research Council of Italy (CNR), as detailed in the ‘Discussion’ section.

The examination of data by publication year shows two peaks in 2019 and 2021, each with over 320 articles per year (Fig. 1 ). In order to shed better light on the publications’ performance, we subsequently examine the countries and institutions with a more significant contribution to this growing trend in the scholarly research on cultural heritage. We expect an uneven contribution made by researchers from different countries and organizations, since the tradition of this research in some regions is bound to a rich cultural heritage, including a concentration of historical monuments and archeological sites listed as World Heritage by UNESCO, complemented by expertize in conserving such heritage. Moreover, a few influential scholars have been most productive, and new regional funding opportunities have become available for heritage research.

Source: Authors based on WOS list of indexed articles 2003–2022 on the topic (TS) of ‘cultural heritage’ published in Humanities Multidisciplinary. N = 1843. Articles indexed in by 5th August 2022.

Productive countries and institutions

In order to describe the performance of different research constituents on cultural heritage over the past 20 years, we scrutinized the most productive countries and institutions. Table 4 shows the top 10 countries that together account for 69% of the articles in our dataset. Italy, England, and Spain are the most prominent, since one third of the articles are written by authors affiliated with institutions based in these three countries. This result is in line with the expectations drawn from the literature documenting the scientific production in relation to cultural heritage governance prevalently oriented towards safeguarding heritage and sustainable tourism, especially in countries such as Spain and Italy, marked as they are by growing concerns regarding touristification and its consequences; in England, however, the prominent debates revolve around the enhancement of cultural experiences through digitization (Echavarria and Samaroudi et al., 2020 ).

The remarkable contribution made by the University of London and one of its major member institutions, the University College of London (together responsible for 86 articles) is seen in the table listing the most productive institutions (Table 5 ). These institutions have published at least 15 articles within the past 20 years, which together make up a bit more than a fifth of all sampled articles in our dataset.

Influential journals and articles

Our dataset includes more than 630 publication titles. The leading position is occupied by the International Journal of Cultural Heritage , that accounts for 269 of the sampled articles on cultural heritage. The second most productive publication is Heritage , followed by ACM Journal of Computing and Cultural Heritage , with 200 and 143 articles, respectively. These three publications account for more than a quarter of the total number of articles included in our sample, while half of the articles are issued by the eight most productive journals listed in Table 6 .

The 524 articles published in the three most productive journals amassed a total of 2977 citations in WOS, which represent almost half of the total citations recorded for the whole dataset. Therefore, a little more than a quarter of the sampled articles (i.e., 28.4%) accounts for the 49% of citations, suggesting that these journals are the most influential in cultural heritage. It is worth mentioning, however, that the journals which ensured the highest total citation count contain words related to heritage in their title. For instance, the International Journal of Heritage Studies with an Impact Factor of 1.692, ranked in Q3 in Social Sciences Interdisciplinary, gathered a total of 2493 citations, while ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (IF 2.356, Q4 Computer Science, Interdisciplinary applications), and Heritage Science (IF 2.843, Q2 Spectroscopy), produced 1,083 and 604 citations, respectively. These journals scored higher average citations per published paper (i.e., 8, 11, and 6, respectively) compared with the average citation of 3.34 of the full article dataset. This finding suggests that authors looking for higher exposure of their research on cultural heritage could seek to publish in journals with the word ‘heritage’ in the title.

The articles in WOS with the highest number of citations are listed in Table 7 . The two leaders are articles jointly written by five and four authors, affiliated to different organizations based in different countries. The most cited paper (202 citations) is entitled ‘A Survey of Augmented, Virtual, and Mixed Reality for Cultural Heritage’ (Bekele et al., 2018 ) and was published by five authors affiliated with institutions from three countries (University of Cape Town in South Africa, Curtin University in Australia, and Marche Polytechnic University in Italy) published in 2018 by the ACM Journal of Computing and Cultural Heritage , the journal with fifth highest mean citation (8) per article on cultural heritage. This higher impact needs to be contextualized with respect to the average number of authors per article in this field. About 48% of the articles in our dataset are authored by one researcher, another 21% have two authors, while 31% of the sampled documents have three or more authors.

The author with the highest number of articles on cultural heritage in our dataset is Massimo Montella, University of Macerata (Italy), who authored 12 articles, along with other various types of texts written during the past decades and published online in Il Capitale Culturale: Studies on the Value of Cultural Heritage in 2020. He specializes in economics, heritage marketing, the theory of cultural heritage management, and cultural heritage as service (see e.g., Montella, 2020 ). Melissa Terras from the University of Edinburgh, Scotland, is the second most prolific author, having published seven joint articles in two journals (i.e., Digital Scholarship in the Humanities and Big Data and Society ) between 2017 and 2021, with 53 citations. Her expertize is in digital cultural heritage and her recent work exposes the dissimilarities between some Western European and Russian policies of open access to digitized museum objects (see, e.g., Terras et al., 2018 ).

Collaborative ties between prolific authors

Despite the small number of prolific authors with three articles or more (78), we further mapped the strength of links between authors based on the direct collaboration through joint publications. After creating a thesaurus file on authors to eliminate duplicates from the dataset by merging different spellings of the same name, we used VOSviewer to perform a co-authorship analysis for the 78 authors who met the criteria of having published at least three articles on cultural heritage. For those authors, a total link strength was calculated using the full counting method of co-authorship ties between two authors (with a total link strength score ranging from a minimum of 1 to maximum 21). No connection was found for 32 prolific authors. For the remaining 46 prolific authors, VOSviewer mapped the emergence of 12 clusters that indicate distinct patterns of collaboration (Fig. 2 ).

The green cluster groups together seven authors from a more territorially bounded institutional setting: Ilia Adami, Danai Kaplanidi, Effie Karuzaki, Sotiris Manitsaris, Nikolaos Partarakis, Xenophon Zabulis, and Emmanouil Zidianakis. With only two exceptions (i.e., two other Greek speakers, Manitsaris from PSL Research University Paris and Kaplanidi from Piraeus Bank Group Cultural Foundation, Greece), the authors in this cluster are all affiliated with the Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Greece. Partarakis and Zabulis are the most connected researchers of this group. They have both co-authored several papers with other researchers from our dataset (e.g., scholars from research institutions based in Germany, Switzerland, France, and Italy). These collaborations resulted in a total link strength of 21, indicating strong collaborative ties for each of them. Karuzaki is the next most connected researcher from this cluster, with a total link strength of 17, followed by Adami and Kaplanidi, with 15 and 14, respectively. They wrote joint articles on topics including the representation of the traditional craft and its transfer in the museum and the role of recipes in the culinary tradition (e.g., Partarakis et al., 2021 ). This analysis on collaborations carried out at the author level suggests that co-authors work in small groups, most commonly affiliated with the same institutions.

Another sizeable cluster in red encompasses seven authors from four different institutions, namely the University of Brighton (Karina Rodriguez Echavarria and Myrsini Samaroudi), University College London (UCL, Lindsay MacDonald, Melissa Terras, and Tim Weyrich), Norwegian University of Science & Technology (Pillay Ruven), and Durham University (Claire Warwick), who co-authored papers on the esthetic judgment of Spanish art through eye tracking the visual reactions of people exposed to Francisco de Zurbaran’s paintings in a laboratory setting (e.g., Bailey-Ross et al., 2019 ). Within this cluster, the highest total link strength of four is recorded for three authors, namely Echavarria, Samaroudi, and Weyrich, the rest of the authors being less connected with other scholars publishing on this topic. In 2020, Echavarria and Samaroudi co-authored ‘Heritage in lockdown: digital provision of memory institutions in the UK and US of America during the COVID-19 pandemic’ published in Museum Management and Curatorship , that has received 29 citations in WoS, the most cited paper from this cluster.

Note: Minimum number of papers per author n = 3, number of authors meeting this threshold n = 78. The authors represented in the map ( n = 46) have a total link strength of at least 1 and are grouped in 12 clusters in different colors.

The third most populated cluster of co-authors in blue is made up by six researchers, namely Paolo Clini, Emanuele Frontini, Marina Paolanti, Roberto Pierdica, and Ramona Quattrini, all affiliated with Marche Polytechnic University (Italy), and Ferrara Cocetta from University of Macerata (also Italy). Roberto Pierdicca had the highest link strength in this cluster, 13. The role of digital technologies such as apps in the promotion of tourism is one of the contributions of these authors to cultural heritage (e.g., Clini et al., 2019 ).

The next cluster in yellow-green groups together five authors, three Spanish and two Italian scholars. Ortiz Pilar has the highest link strength of seven, followed by Ortiz Rocio and Javier Becerra with six each. All these three authors are affiliated with the Spanish university Pablo de Olavide in Seville, while Marialuisa Mongelli, from the National Agency for the Development of ICT (Italy), and Roberta Fantoni, from the Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy & Sustainable Economic Development have rather modest collaborative ties.

The fifth cluster in violet comprises another five scholars, four of whom are affiliated with the Italian Centre for Advanced Studies, Research and Development in Sardinia: Fabio Bettio, Enrico Gobbetti, Fabio Marton, Pintus Ruggero. The fifth scholar, Holly Rushmeier, works at Yale University, and co-authored an article with Ruggero on the preservation of fragile handwriting manuscripts. The most connected author from this cluster is Gobbetti, with a link strength of 8.

Greek scholars Angeliki Antoniou (University of Peloponnese, Greece), Yannis Ioannidis (University of Cyprus), and Akrivi Katifori (National & Kapodistrian University of Athens) make another (light blue) cluster producing research on the importance of innovative pedagogies that build on digital tools to stimulate narratives and storytelling in order to spur interaction and co-learning among the visitors of cultural heritage sites (e.g., Antoniou et al., 2022 ).

The remaining seven clusters present only two to three interconnected authors, usually from the same institution. One of these clusters consists of Polish scholars Marek Milosz and Jerzy Montusiewicz, both from Lublin University of Technology, who co-authored three articles in our dataset, two in ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage and the third in Heritage Science .

A small but statistically significant association of 0.19 ( p < 0.1) was found between the 78 prolific authors’ total link strength and the number of citations for their publications, which can suggest that co-authorship can increase the chance of being cited. The most cited authors on cultural heritage come from Italy, Sweden, and England, but also Australia and the US (Table 8 ).

Co-authorship on cultural heritage at the institution level

In the next step of co-authorship networks analysis, the analyzed unit was the institution. Out of the 1747 institutions identified by VOSviewer in the dataset, 36 institutions reached the minimum threshold of eight published papers during the last 20 years. We analyzed these institutions. One needs to be cautious about the results of the co-authorship analysis at the institutional level, given the imperfect match between institutions identified in WOS and those delineated by VOSviewer with respect to the number of articles. This inconsistency derives from the numerous variants in how the author institution is referred to, not only in spelling but in whether the whole institution or different smaller research units from within said institution are referred to. Starting from the initial 1802 institutions exported from VOSviever, we reduced the discrepancies between the two files through a tedious manual search, enabling us to compare both lists of institutional names and merge the institutions with different spellings. Even if we did not eliminate all the inconsistencies from the dataset, this procedure provided a more trustworthy list, which we then used to generate a thesaurus file and imported into VOSviewer software for co-authorship analysis at an institution level.

Notwithstanding this shortcoming, our results show meaningful connections between 25 institutions that have co-authored at least one paper with at least one different institution. The total link strength for these institutions ranges from 1 to 11. The National Research Council (CNR), Italy, emerges as the most connected institution, co-authoring papers with other institutions, not only from Italy (e.g., University of Pisa and University of Turin), but also from elsewhere, including Spanish universities (e.g., Complutense University of Madrid), Portuguese universities (e.g., NOVA University Lisbon), and British universities (e.g., King’s College London, KCL). Figure 3 shows the seven interconnected clusters of different colors made up by two to six institutions, which vary in size according to the strength of their links.

Note: Minimum number of papers per institution n = 8, number of institutions meeting this threshold n = 36, most connected 25 institutions are represented in the map grouping them in 7 clusters. Nod’s size indicates link strength.

The largest cluster in red has six items and is dominated by Russian research institutions (National Research Tomsk State University, Russian Academy of Science and Siberian Federal University). The next cluster in green consists of CNR, University of Florence, NOVA University Lisbon, and Uppsala University. The third cluster in blue is made up of two Italian universities (of Bologna and Turin) and two Spanish research institutions (The Spanish National Research Council CSIC and Complutense University of Madrid); the University of Bologna has the most connections with other universities. The fourth cluster in yellow includes the University of Curtin (Australia) and three universities from Italy, namely University of Macerata, Marche Polytechnic University and, with the most connections, Sapienza University Rome. The fifth cluster in violet comprises the Polytechnic University of Milan, University of Amsterdam, and University of Naples Federico II, the latter being the most connected. The sixth cluster in light blue groups together the KCL, University of Ljubljana and UCL. Finally, University of the Aegean, Greece, and York University, England, make up the last cluster, in orange.

For co-authorship at the institution level, there is a moderate but statistically significant correlation of 0.45 ( p < 0.01) between the number of citations and the total link strength of an institution, as well as a rather strong statistical association of 0.72 ( p < 0.01) between an institution’s total link strength and its number of articles in the dataset. These findings suggest that co-authorship at the institutional level brings higher numbers of citations. At the same time, the larger the number of publications on cultural heritage, the higher the chance of inter-institutional collaboration on those papers.

Collaboration between countries

In our third analysis of collaboration, that between countries, we included countries with at least 10 publications on cultural heritage. Out of the 104 countries, 40 met this minimum threshold. The total link strength provided by VOSviewer showed that Italy has the highest number of publications on cultural heritage (291) with a total of 97 occurrences of collaborative ties with other countries. Close behind, England has a link strength of 95 identified among the 171 articles in the dataset. The least connected countries in this subsample (by link score), are Slovakia (3), Turkey (3), Argentina (2), Ukraine (1), and Lithuania (0). Germany, Switzerland, Austria, the Netherlands, and Ireland have a ratio of number of articles to link strength less than or equal to one, which could indicate that there are intense exchanges between these authors and their colleagues from other countries. These countries are more involved in cross-national cooperation in knowledge production, even if they have rather moderate number of articles on this topic, ranging from 13 articles in Ireland to 64 in Germany. By contrast, some of the very prolific countries, such as Russia, which has 126 documents on cultural heritage, displays a very poor total link strength of 3, which explains its rather isolated scientific production in this field. Eight clusters emerge from the analysis of co-authorship at a country level, indicating different patterns of cross-country collaboration. The largest cluster, in red, includes nine items (i.e., Australia, Denmark, Iran, Japan, Mexico, China, South Africa, South Korea, and ultimately Switzerland, which has the highest number of collaborative ties). The next cluster in green consists of seven countries (Croatia, England, Russia, Scotland, Slovenia, Turkey, and the US). The cluster in blue also contains seven (Germany, the most connected, with Austria, France, Greece, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Wales). The cluster in yellow consists of five countries (Brazil, Colombia, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain). Four countries make up the violet cluster (Argentina, Italy, Norway, and Romania), with Italy having the highest number of links with other countries in the co-authorship of papers on cultural heritage.

The sixth cluster, represented in light blue, encompasses only three countries (Belgium, Canada, and Finland) with Belgium being the leader as regards its total link strength. The last two clusters are similar in composition, each being constituted by two neighboring countries, namely the Czech Republic and Slovakia on the one hand, and Poland and Ukraine on the other. Although these countries share many features of their socio-historical and political past, there is hierarchy within each cluster: the second country is exclusively connected to the first, which is linked to countries in other clusters. This pattern of co-authorship is present also in the connection between Italy and Argentina in the violet cluster on the map in Fig. 4 .

Note: Minimum number of papers per country n = 10, number of countries meeting this threshold n = 40, most connected 39 institutions are represented in the map grouping them in eight clusters. Nod’s size indicates the countries’ total link strength.

Themes connected to cultural heritage and knowledge-oriented research

In order to examine the main topics that authors dealing with cultural heritage write about, we performed a co-occurrence analysis of authors’ keywords in VOSviewer. We created a thesaurus file in order to merge similar words such as ‘3d model’ and ‘3d models’, ‘communities’ and ‘community’, ‘museum’ and ‘museums’, ‘digitization’ and ‘digitization’, ‘performance art’ and ‘performing arts’, and so on. Out of 6240 keywords from the full dataset, 108 words co-occurred at least six times in the list of count analysis. The normalization method of association strength was applied to the network of co-occurring author keywords. The most recurrent keywords in our dataset, co-occurring six times or more, are grouped into 10 clusters that are visually represented in different colors in Fig. 5 . The dot size represents the number of times each word occurs, and the link shows the number of co-occurrences. The shorter the distance between two inter-related keywords, the more frequently they co-occur in the same articles. The most inter-related keywords in our dataset are ‘cultural heritage’ and ‘intangible cultural heritage’, with 476 and 114 link strength scores, respectively. A significant bulk of the research deals with digital aspects of cultural heritage, as shown by the largest cluster in red, which encompasses 21 keywords such as ‘virtual reality’, ‘visualization’, ‘augmented reality’, ‘3d models’, ‘3d scanning’, ‘storytelling’ and ‘serious games’, mostly in relation to museums, as this is the most inter-related keyword in this cluster. The second cluster in green brings together 18 keywords including ‘authenticity’, ‘identity’, ‘gender’, ‘resilience’, ‘empowerment,’ and ‘sustainability’; in national contexts such as Italy, China, and Japan; focusing on ‘industrial heritage’ and ‘landscape’ in connection with ‘urban heritage’. The third cluster, in dark blue, includes 13 inter-related keywords indicating a major interest in ‘heritage protection’, ‘intangible cultural heritage’, ‘community’, ‘participation’ ‘ethnography’, ‘folklore’, ‘tradition’, ‘world heritage,’ and ‘UNESCO’. The fourth cluster, in yellow, includes preoccupations with ‘digitization’, ‘social media’, ‘archives’, ‘archeology’, ‘design,’ and ‘heritage education’ among the most connected keywords alongside ‘cultural heritage’.

Note: each node represents a keyword sized according to its number of occurrences. Minimum number of keywords’ occurrence is 6. Nodes are connected through links that mark the co-occurrence of their attendant keywords, while the thickness of links signals the frequency of co-occurrences between keywords (i.e., the more frequently they appear together in articles, the thicker the link between two keywords).

Structural and institutional features regulating the cultural heritage domain are dealt within research using specific keywords, such as ‘national identity’, ‘legislation’, ‘politics,’ and ‘cultural politics’, often discussed in relation to ‘European Union’ and especially European countries that are typical destinations of ‘cultural tourism’, such as Spain and Greece, indicating a growing concern for ‘cultural heritage management’. These keywords are united in a fifth cluster, in violet, with 10 keywords. The sixth cluster in light blue connects nine keywords that reveal researchers’ growing contribution to material or tangible cultural heritage in the form of ‘built heritage’, ‘historic buildings’ requiring ‘restoration’, conservation’ alongside the intangible ‘values’ and ‘education’, with some emphasis on Turkey as a context requiring a special attention to values, human rights, and management of its archeological sites.

The seventh cluster of keywords, presented in orange, includes rather soft items such as ‘art’, ‘culture’, ‘language’, ‘history’, ‘living heritage’ that may be affected by ‘globalization’. In the eighth cluster, in brown, with nine keywords, ‘monuments’ and Poland provide some materiality and context to the scientific production on cultural heritage; ‘cultural memory’, ‘migration’, ‘digital cultural heritage’, ‘music’, and ‘cultural landscape’ show how the preservation of memory is an integral part of cultural heritage; other themes include the impact of the ‘COVID-19 pandemic’ on ‘cultural tourism’ and its management, as well as the effects of ‘climate change’ on ‘built heritage’. Finally, the tenth cluster in light brown groups four inter-related items on ‘architectural heritage’ and the policies of ‘risk management’ to ensure ‘protection’ and ‘reconstruction’ of cultural heritage.

During the past decade, some scholars (e.g., Smith, 2006 ) have pinpointed how cultural heritage is about knowledge production of the past, present, and future, and also about who ‘we’ and ‘others’ are. In our analysis of the subsample of 37 articles that include some reference to knowledge in the author keywords, we identified 119 keywords related to this relatively new cultural heritage research subfield. These are organized in 12 clusters (Fig. 6 ) revolving around prominent terms such as ‘knowledge management’, ‘knowledge representation’, ‘knowledge map’, and ‘knowledge mobilization’. The first largest cluster include 15 keywords such as ‘knowledge representation’, ‘semantic web’, ‘ontology’, ‘diversity’, ‘open data’, ‘fine art’, and ‘legacy data conversion’. The second cluster consists of 14 co-occurring keywords, among which the most prominent in terms of their total link strength are ‘digital heritage’, with a total link strength of 15, followed by ‘archives’, ‘copyright’, ‘heritage’, indigenous cultural material’, ‘knowledge mobilization’, ‘provenance’, ‘repatriation’, and ‘repositories, with a total link strength of 8, indicating moderate levels of co-occurrence with other keywords. The third keyword group includes themes related to ‘heritage professions’ and ‘conservation’, while paying attention to aspects linked to ‘education’, ‘values’ and ‘cultural change’, with an emphasis on knowledge about ‘minority groups’ and ‘ethnic identity’. The next cluster of interconnected keywords from knowledge-oriented articles deals with ‘crafts’, ‘women’ and their’empowerment’, ‘creative legacy’, and ‘cultural expression’, as well as with aspects regarding ‘social inequality’, ‘popular culture’, and ‘rurality’. The relationship between cultural heritage and knowledge is also studied through ‘innovation’, ‘sustainable development’, ‘underwater cultural heritage’. Another way to engage with knowledge among researchers focused on cultural heritage is to connect knowledge to ‘information and development’, ‘libraries and society’, and ‘memories’, as suggested by prominent keywords from the seventh cluster. Another strand of research deals with ‘knowledge management’ and ‘heritage impact assessment’, alongside ‘ethnography’, ‘dress collections’, and ‘fashion’. Likewise, some researchers explore the links between ‘traditional knowledge’, ‘indigenous data sovereignty’, and ‘legislation’. Knowledge-related research on cultural heritage also considers the aspects of ‘semantics’, ‘narratives’, ‘storytelling’, alongside ‘image retrieval’ and ‘augmented reality’. Finally, the last two keyword clusters stemming from the knowledge-specific research on cultural heritage focus on the connections between the performance of ‘identity’ and ‘funerary traditions’ set in ‘Caribbean culture’, and on ‘citizen science’, ‘vernacular architecture’, and the development of ‘web and mobile applications’ for the study and consumption of cultural heritage, respectively.

Note: VOSviewer co-occurrence analysis of 119 author keywords present in the articles containing terms referring to knowledge. Node size reflects the number of occurrences of keywords. Nodes are connected through links that mark the co-occurrence of their attendant keywords, while the thickness of links signals the frequency of co-occurrences between keywords (i.e., the more frequently they appear together in articles, the thicker the link between two keywords).

Our analysis reveals that only a handful of scholars have started to include these knowledge-related terms in their scientific production, which means that the level of awareness about the assimilation of the knowledge-oriented approach in the study of cultural heritage is still in its infancy.

The earliest article in this subsample dates back to 2009 and examines the moral knowledge in Turkey in relation to value teaching and religious culture (Taşdemir, 2009 ). Articles dealing with the relationship between cultural heritage and knowledge have gradually increased in number since then, reaching a peak of nine articles in 2021, written mostly by authors located in Italy, Germany, and Greece (where nine, six, and five articles contain phrases related to knowledge, respectively).

Knowledge-oriented research has a high potential for innovation in the field of cultural heritage, since it brings new underexplored themes to this field, such as the contribution of women and various vulnerable minorities to existing knowledge on cultural heritage, as well as their participation in its preservation. Knowledge-oriented research also highlights the heritage professions and the potential of big data to create knowledge maps of cultural heritage. All these represent promising avenues for researchers.

Discussion in the context of recent developments in cultural heritage

The results of our analysis reflect the rapid change in the cultural heritage field since the 2000s. These changes include the technological development of systems and tools used for conserving, preserving, and managing cultural heritage, as well as the digitization of various basic functions of museums, archives, and libraries including the identification, organization, storage, and dissemination of information. Moreover, institutions dealing with cultural heritage have boldly tested and put into service virtual and augmented reality applications and enhanced their exhibitions and audience work through gamification. The increasing awareness of the climate crisis and the need for sustainability measures in the last two decades has broadly impacted the cultural heritage field. These concerns are closely connected to social inequality and exclusion. Heritage institutions have sought to respond to these concerns through community-oriented projects, encouraging bottom-up initiatives and facilitating the participation of diverse population groups.

As indicated by our analysis of the themes connected to cultural heritage and knowledge-oriented research, WOS-indexed cultural heritage research actively tackles the above-mentioned changes and timely challenges and concerns that impact not only the cultural heritage field but society more broadly (Su et al., 2019 ; Schmid, 2020 ). Moreover, the results of the co-occurrence analysis of authors’ keywords reflect the development of international cultural heritage governance and management and the focus points of international heritage conventions and charters from the past two decades, ranging from digital to intangible cultural heritage and from landscapes to the economic and social value of cultural heritage for society. The results underline the societal relevance and timeliness of cultural heritage research, particularly during the past five years containing over 80% of WOS-indexed articles in our data.

The analysis of publication volume and production patterns in terms of co-authorship, collaboration, citation, and keywords reflects the current paradigmatic emphasis and power relations in cultural heritage research. In the 2000s, cultural heritage embraced a new critical research paradigm. Scholars have become increasingly interested in complex questions regarding the power entailed and produced by heritage among and between people, communities, and societies (Ashworth et al., 2007 ; Waterton and Smith, 2009 ; Mydland and Grahn, 2012 ; Logan, 2012 ; Harrison, 2013a ; Lähdesmäki et al., 2019 ). The interdisciplinary field of critical heritage studies has emerged in order to address uneven power relations, hierarchical power structures, explicit and implicit politics of dominance and oppression, silenced narratives, and alternative, emancipatory, and empowering identity projects based or drawing on cultural heritage (Lähdesmäki et al., 2019 ). Through research interests of this kind, the conception of cultural heritage has been extended to include political, societal, and ideological meanings, as well as dissonant and contested dimensions (Kisić, 2017 ; van Huis et al., 2019 ). Our results on the co-occurrence of keywords and the host countries and institutions of the most actively publishing scholars reflect this paradigm change in cultural heritage research. Critical heritage studies have been strongly developed by scholars from English and Australian universities—including Harrison and Winter. As shown in Table 7 , most cited articles include critical stances regarding the suitability of mainstream ‘western’ approaches to heritage preservation on different continents (Winter, 2014 ), or the lack of thoughtful consideration by heritage practitioners who, when they conduct their work as a purely technical endeavor, decoupled from the political and social contexts in which communities live (Chirikure et al., 2010 ; Logan, 2012 ), obliterate human rights and communities’ identities. Other influential works on cultural heritage focus on micro-processes of ascribing value to popular music, as opposed to authorized discourses on music heritage in the UK (Roberts and Cohen, 2014 ), or on the voluntary work conducted by laypeople with no professional background dedicated to the maintenance of traditions, which is not listed as heritage by authorities in Norway but is seen as critical for local communities’ identity (Mydland and Grahn, 2012 ). Power asymmetries in establishing the worthiness of being officially acknowledged and celebrated as heritage are therefore hotly debated and attract scholars’ interest, as reflected in the number of citations. Other highly cited articles study the damaging impact of climate change on built heritage (Leissner et al., 2015 ) or the use and effectiveness of digital games in facilitating the acquisition of historical knowledge by teenagers in Italy involved in experimental research design (Rubino et al., 2015 ).

Despite the critical scholars’ aim to break with a Eurocentric tradition and with a Western focus in cultural heritage scholarship (Waterton and Smith, 2009 ; Winter, 2014 ), our results show that WOS-indexed cultural heritage research is still very much biased towards scholars from European countries and research institutes. Moreover, our analysis shows how European scholars and institutes actively collaborate among other. Such results can be partially explained by the funding of their research projects. In our data, the European Union, with its various funding programs, was the most acknowledged financer or co-financer of research (in 117 articles), followed by UK Research and Innovation UKRI (43), and the Arts and Humanities Research Council (33). During the 2000s, the European Union has increased its emphasis on cultural heritage as a policy tool that is expected to have a broad positive impact on European societies (Lähdesmäki et al., 2020 ). This emphasis is reflected in European research funding seeking to strengthen heritage conservation and protection and heritage-related innovations in Europe, as well as intercultural dialog and participation in European societies. The European Union invested around €100 million in heritage research between 2007 and 2013 through its Seventh Framework Program (Zabeo and Pellizzon, 2017 ), and increased this funding to €500 million between 2014 and 2021 in the next program, Horizon 2020 (EC European Commission, 2022 ). The emphasis on cultural heritage research continues in the current funding program. The key criteria for the European Union’s research funding are multidisciplinary collaboration between European scholars and research institutes producing high-quality research, disseminated effectively through open access publications. Other major European research funders, such as UKRI, value similar features (multidisciplinary international collaboration, excellence of research, and open access). Such funding criteria have a major impact on cultural heritage research in general and strengthen its Eurocentric profile.

Conclusions

Our article contributes to cultural heritage research by providing critical knowledge on structural aspects shaping the publication volume and production patterns in multidisciplinary humanities exploring cultural heritage. The scholarship had previously lacked such knowledge, although publication volume and citation metrics are currently important parameters in assessing researchers’ performance in humanities as well. Besides such knowledge, the article contributes to broadening methodology in the scholarship of cultural heritage, which includes only a few earlier studies drawing on bibliometrics. At the same time, the methods and techniques of bibliometric analysis underline the article’s theoretical contribution to the scholarship: the analysis brings forth various interdependencies drawing on authorship, co-authorship, research collaboration, institutional affiliation, countries of affiliation, citation, and research funding. We summarize our key results in the following.

Our study shows how humanities research on cultural heritage is a broad and multidisciplinary field covering topics that reflect technological, social, and environmental changes, the adoption of international heritage conventions, and the deepening of knowledge in the scholarship during the past 20 years. Recently, publication productivity of WOS-indexed journal articles on cultural heritage has steeply increased, while the few leading journals in the field have strengthened their position as preferred and sought-after dissemination fora for research results. In our study, the leading journal in terms of publication quantity was the International Journal of Cultural Heritag , which has an interdisciplinary profile and welcomes critical contributions and debates on the nature and meaning of heritage. In such critical contributions, cultural heritage is often considered as a complex process of knowledge production. Our study indicates, however, that such an approach to cultural heritage is still underdeveloped in WOS-indexed journal articles.

In cultural heritage research, practices have become more collaborative, not least due to funding criteria. Our analysis shows, however, that cultural heritage researchers often collaborate in small teams affiliated with the same institution. Based on our analysis, international collaboration and co-authorship increase the chance of being cited and, implicitly, the scientific impact. This result aligns with previous research noting how publication volume is strongly associated with international collaboration (Abramo et al., 2009 ; Kyvik and Aksnes, 2015 ; Fursov et al., 2016 ) and receiving research funding (Kyvik and Aksnes, 2015 ; Wahid et al., 2022 ).

Our study points towards the Eurocentrism of cultural heritage research indexed in WOS. The results show how the authorship of WOS-indexed journal articles concentrates on a limited number of institutions and countries: Italian, English, and Spanish scholars are the most productive authors. Likewise, the most cited scholars in our data were Europeans (from Italy and Sweden). These figures on quantity do not paint the full picture of high-quality cultural heritage scholarship. Our study underlines the nature of WOS as a tool of knowledge management in academia: it organizes information on cultural heritage research by structuring it into categories and research areas which such multi- and interdisciplinary research is difficult to fit into. As one of the core global providers of publication volume and citation data, WOS has an impact on the image of esteemed cultural heritage research, as well as on scholars’ understanding of their own field. WOS itself can be seen as a Western platform continuing the Eurocentric history of science (Poskett, 2022 ).

Our study naturally has its limitations. We have focused our analysis on peer-reviewed journal articles, albeit many humanities scholars still consider monographs and edited volumes as the most respectable way of publishing research results. Furthermore, we limited our analysis to articles written in English or including a title, keywords, and/or abstract in English. Even though English is the contemporary lingua franca in academia, many non-English-speaking scholars in cultural heritage research want to publish their results in their mother tongue, particularly when researching local, regional, or national case studies in order to serve the researched communities.

Our results and the identified limitations of the study underline various challenges in cultural heritage research and WOS. The key challenge faced by research is broadening the field in order to include various voices and views from all continents in its knowledge production. Cultural heritage research would benefit from a more active cross-continental collaboration of scholars and research institutes. In general, Eurocentrism and the focus on Western academia are central traits displayed by WOS. Its key challenge is to more generously acknowledge high-quality publications conducted globally in various humanities fields and in various languages.

Based on our bibliometric analysis, we have formulated suggestions for developing the scholarship in cultural heritage research. First, international collaboration and co-authorship are likely to increase citations and therefore pay off in terms of research impact. Second, strengthened collaboration between scholars from other continents will deconstruct the Eurocentrism of cultural heritage research, diversify research topics, and increase the multitude of voices in research outcomes. Third, we suggest applying bibliometric methods and approaches in the analysis of more specific cultural heritage topics in order to illustrate how such research is produced, by whom, and where. Finally, we suggest exploring the complexity of knowledge production in cultural heritage in order to open new research avenues.

Data availability

Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated during the current study that is based on bibliometric information on published articles from Web of Science.

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This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation program under Grant 101079282 (ELABCHROM), by the Academy of Finland under Grant 330602 (HERIDI), and by the Romanian Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization under Grant 28PFE/30.12.2021 (TEHNE). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or granting authority. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

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Vlase, I., Lähdesmäki, T. A bibliometric analysis of cultural heritage research in the humanities: The Web of Science as a tool of knowledge management. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 10 , 84 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01582-5

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Cultural Analysis Essay: Topics, Tips, & Example

A cultural analysis essay focuses on social and cultural aspects of life.

Writing an essay on cultural issues is an exciting yet a challenging task to complete. Cultural analysis essays are assigned to those who study literature, business, marketing, and social work.

What is a cultural analysis? How to choose a topic for such an assignment? How to write a cultural analysis essay? You’ll find the answers to these questions below. This article contains cultural analysis essay topics, writing tips, together with cultural analysis example added as a bonus.

📝 What Is a Cultural Analysis?

🖊️ how to write a cultural analysis.

📃 Choosing a Cultural Analysis Topic?
📋 Cultural Analysis Essay Topics

📑 Cultural Analysis: Example of an Essay

🔗 references.

A cultural analysis essay focuses on social and cultural aspects of life : the ways people interact with each other, create communities, etc. It also explains how these interactions are based on the backgrounds and common practices of the participants.

Your cultural analysis essay can be short – for example, a 500-word essay . Or you can go for a long piece of writing. It depends on your topic and the number of arguments you want to cover.

In terms of the style, you can pick an expository , a descriptive , a narrative, or a persuasive type of essay. Your decision will depend on what you aim at when writing this paper.

You might be wondering: how to write a cultural analysis essay? And what exact steps should you take?

First of all, you need to choose a topic you’re going to explore. It shouldn’t be too broad, as, for example, ‘Culture of Islamic countries.’ It will be best to focus on a particular event or a custom and explore it. Further, we’ll provide you with cultural analysis essay topics.
Then you can focus on researching, formulating a thesis statement , and creating an outline . The outline is an essential part of your writing, as it helps you to ease the process.
In the introduction, you should mention your thesis statement and cover what you’re going to discuss in your paper. Remember that it’s vital to intrigue a potential reader in your intro!
Next, you’re going to focus on the main body . You can split it into several paragraphs. The number of paragraphs will depend on the length of your essay and the number of arguments.
The conclusion is the last paragraph of your paper. Here, you should confirm your thesis statement by summing up your arguments.

Here , you can learn more about a step-by-step plan for your analytical essay.

📃 Cultural Analysis Topic Ideas: How to Choose

Here, you’ll find three important points that will help you to choose the right topic for your paper.

Cultural Analysis Topics: Point 1

First, choose a society or culture that you want to talk about . Let us take American culture and society as an example.

Cultural Analysis Topics: Point 2

Cultural traditions are reflected in many ways: in literature , cinema, etc. We suggest you use films (this is not boring). You can even write the cultural analysis essay based on your favorite movies .

Cultural Analysis Topics: Point 3

Now, you have to decide on the central issue of your cultural analysis essay . What particular aspect of American culture do you want to discuss, e.g., men/women, drugs, minorities, etc.?

Finally, you need to watch a movie (better twice) that depicts the problem you want to consider . Your major goal boils down to analyzing the film and making the final decision. The question is whether this or that cultural aspect is depicted as it is. This is exactly why the article is called “reflecting the reality.”

As you know, truth is not always shown correctly, especially in movies. For instance, many African Americans living in the United States are depicted as drug pushers or members of some gangs. However, this is not precisely what happens in reality.

Sure, you can take any culture or even sub-culture as the basis of your paper.

📋 80 Cultural Analysis Essay Topics

We’ve prepared 80 exciting topics for your cultural analysis essay. Let’s dive in!

Changing role of the institution of the family in modern Western society.
Social Media Role in Promoting Social Change .
Male and female roles in American society: In the past and nowadays.
Cultural Changes in America After World War II.
Cultural stereotypes: How have they occurred?
A Family System and Social Care Service Users.
The role of marriage: Western and Eastern countries.
Cultural Diversity Among the Hispanics.
How are cultural minorities presented in American media nowadays?
Cross-Cultural Management Problems .
The role of traditions in modern American society.
Role of Social Media in the Curriculum .
Does the media help in promoting social tolerance?
Culture and Diversity in Education.
Origins of racism and discrimination in American society.
Importance of Social Responsibility .
The role of migration in modern American culture.
Intercultural Communication Breakdown .
New professional ethics in the United States: What has been changed in the last decade?
A Development of American Society .
Role of religion in modern American society.
Social Problem, Its Components and Stages .
Impact of Latin American culture on US culture.
Social Media’s Effect on Democracy .

Cultural unification mechanisms: How does it work?
The Meaning of Theology for the Present Society.
Social media and global culture: A myth or reality?
Gender & Society. Intersectionality and Feminist Activism.
The role of national cultures.
Why Make a Step Family a Real Family?
How is culture used in advertising?
Hip-Hop in Japan and Cultural Globalization .
The role of holidays and celebrations in American culture.
Direct and Indirect Social Influences on a Person .
Multicultural societies: Positive and negative aspects.
Gun Control: Social Contract Broken in the US .
The role of subcultures in American society.
Freedom Significance: Social and Political Aspects .
American Revolution and its role in American culture.
Social Issues: The Uses of Global Poverty .
World War II and its influence on world culture.
Effects of Technology on Society.
The role of religion in Islamic countries.
Cultural Safety and Transcultural Nursing.
The role of feminism in American culture.
American Culture Reflection in Sport .
The role of feminism in post-Soviet countries.
Social Media: Ethical Issues and Theories .
Female and minorities in politics: Why it becomes important nowadays?
The Effect of Music on Culture .
Hip hop culture and its influence on American society.
Effect of Gaming on People’s Social Lives .
Gender and Social Movements.
Race relations in the United States: Has the situation improved in the 21st century?
Heritage and Culture in African American Literature .
Do social networks support personal identity or suppress it?
Culture Diversity and Healthcare Delivery in Australia.
What are the roots of international culture?
Foreignism, Media, Imperialism Influence on Culture .
Social networks and its impact on national cultures.
Family Support and Intervention in Substance Abuse Among Adolescents.
Mexican culture and its influence on American society.
Nuclear family : What has changed in the 21st century?
Science, Technology and Society: Implications for Education .
Freedom of information and its impact on international culture.
Popular Music in the Modern Culture .
Do national cultures lose their significance in the rise of international culture?
“Religion in Society: A Sociology of Religion” by Ronald Johnstone .
How did the technological revolution change European culture?
Rap in American Culture.
Changing female roles in Islamic countries. For this topic, you can choose two Islamic countries: the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia . And discuss and compare the way female roles are changing.
Canadian Political Culture .
Indigenous people and their impact on American culture . Here you can pick one particular area of American culture that indigenous people influenced. It could be, for instance, literature or cinema.
Social Media Helps to Bridge Divides .
The influence of religion on modern American politics . For this topic, you can focus on how Bible teachings are reflected in contemporary American laws.
Social Groups and How They Work.
American popular culture and reasons for its acceptance worldwide . You can discuss the origins of this phenomenon and why American culture got accepted all over the world.
Family Structure and Its Effects on Children .
Fighting gender stereotypes in mass media . For this topic, you can choose European Union and discuss how it fights gender stereotypes and sexism in the media.
Teen Pregnancy Prevention in Modern Society .

In this section, we’ve prepared a cultural analysis essay example for you.

You’ll see excerpts from an essay on social networks and their influence on national cultures in the table below. We hope you’ll get inspired by your paper!

Social networks and their impact on national cultures

Ideas for culture essay & paper topics – California State University, Fresno
Use of social media to promote national culture worldwide – URFU
Guidelines for academic papers in Literary or Cultural Studies – Stiftung Universität Hildesheim
The Practice of Cultural Analysis – Stanford University Press
Film Analysis – The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Write Your Essay | UNSW Current Students
Writing Across Cultures and Contexts: International Students in the Stanford Study of Writing – Stanford University
Cross-Cultural Analysis – The University of Alabama

Birds of a Feather: Sharing Democratic Values Eases Immigration in a Postmaterialist Society

Original Paper
Published: 03 October 2023

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Jin Jiang 1 ,
Shouzhi Xia 2 &
Dong Zhang ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-9350-3253 3

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Although prior research has proposed multiple approaches to reducing anti-immigrant discrimination, less is known about whether priming a shared political ideology works. Integrating a text analysis and a pre-registered survey experiment, we study Hong Kong residents’ attitudes toward mainland Chinese immigrants. By employing the structural topic model, we analyze more than 4,000 Hong Kong newspaper articles on mainland immigrants between 2003 and 2020 and show that the political implications of mainland immigration have gained increasing attention in mass media, whereas economic and social concerns have waned in salience. Resonating with this analysis, our survey experiment reveals that when exposed to a vignette priming mainland immigrants’ support for democratic values, young adults in Hong Kong are less likely to support restrictive immigration policies for mainland Chinese. We also find that priming immigrants’ economic contribution and cultural integration, as well as natives’ family history, has limited effects on Hongkongers’ immigration attitudes.

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The Democratic Consequences of Anti-immigrant Political Rhetoric: A Mixed Methods Study of Immigrants’ Political Belonging

Nativism, civic nationalism and the malleability of voter attitudes

Race, Religion, and Immigration Policy Attitudes

Data availability.

The data replication files are available at Harvard Dataverse, see: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/KALTKV .

The International Organization for Migration, “World Migration Report 2020,” https://bit.ly/ 3JIMhYS (last accessed on August 10, 2023).

Mainland China is the largest source of immigrants to Hong Kong (see Fig. A1 of the Online Appendix).

The One-way Permit (OWP) scheme is one major channel for mainland Chinese to migrate to Hong Kong (see Fig. A1 of the Online Appendix).

See Hong Kong 2016 Population By-census, https://www.bycensus2016.gov.hk/en/bc-mt.html (last accessed on August 10, 2023).

BBC News , June 29, 2017. “Cantonese v Mandarin: When Hong Kong Languages Get Political.”

https://bbc.in/3GFpdsj (last accessed on August 10, 2023).

The media portrayal of mainland visitors is likely to have an impact on local residents’ perceptions toward mainland people including mainland immigrants. Keywords such as “mainland tourists” (內地客/內地遊客/內地旅) and “parallel traders” (水貨客) were used to filter relevant coverage on mainland visitors. We have obtained 3,925 news articles about mainland visitors.

See Table B1 of the Online Appendix for the full list of newspapers and magazines.

We also take into account certain topic modeling parameters such as Semantic Coherence and Exclusivity (see Fig. B2 of the Online Appendix).

See Table B3 for the original news article.

We preregistered the experiment with AsPredicted in September 2021 ( https://aspredicted.org/Q97_Z65 ).

YouGov employed quota sampling based on the general population of Hong Kong and provided post-

weighting to the final sample by referring to census statistics. For details, see Table C4 of the Online Appendix.

Kustov et al. ( 2021 ) demonstrate that the public’s attitudes toward immigrants are quite stable, and are shaped more by socialization and pre-dispositions than by exposure to new information. This finding may help us understand why the priming effects on Hong Kong respondents’ attitudes toward mainlanders are not strong in our study. Moreover, Carnahan et al. ( 2021 ) show that the significant and durable treatment effect of new information is associated with repeated exposure. The treatments in our experiment were one-shot, which may have made it difficult to obtain a substantial treatment effect.

While acknowledging the overlap between political ideology and group identification in the Hong Kong context, it is difficult to attribute the acceptance of mainland immigrants by locals to their group identity because Hong Kong identity is not only associated with democratic values but also involves clear anti- mainland elements. Prior research has documented that a strong sense of Hong Kong identity is a crucial factor contributing to discrimination or hostility toward mainlanders by local residents (Chow et al., 2020 ; Lee et al., 2016 ).

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Wanjing Chen, James Druckman, Yusaku Horiuchi, Dongshu Liu, Wen Wang, Han Zhang, and Wenjuan Zheng for helpful comments and suggestions.

This study draws on part of the data collected from the online survey of a research project (Project Number: 2019.A3.019.19C.A2) funded by the Public Policy Research Funding Scheme from the Policy Innovation and Co-ordination Office of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. The authors acknowledge this funding support.

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Shouzhi Xia

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Jiang, J., Xia, S. & Zhang, D. Birds of a Feather: Sharing Democratic Values Eases Immigration in a Postmaterialist Society. Polit Behav (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11109-023-09900-y

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Published: 13 May 2024

What are the strengths and limitations to utilising creative methods in public and patient involvement in health and social care research? A qualitative systematic review

Olivia R. Phillips 1 , 2 na1 ,
Cerian Harries 2 , 3 na1 ,
Jo Leonardi-Bee 1 , 2 , 4 na1 ,
Holly Knight 1 , 2 ,
Lauren B. Sherar 2 , 3 ,
Veronica Varela-Mato 2 , 3 &
Joanne R. Morling 1 , 2 , 5

Research Involvement and Engagement volume 10 , Article number: 48 ( 2024 ) Cite this article

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There is increasing interest in using patient and public involvement (PPI) in research to improve the quality of healthcare. Ordinarily, traditional methods have been used such as interviews or focus groups. However, these methods tend to engage a similar demographic of people. Thus, creative methods are being developed to involve patients for whom traditional methods are inaccessible or non-engaging.

To determine the strengths and limitations to using creative PPI methods in health and social care research.

Electronic searches were conducted over five databases on 14th April 2023 (Web of Science, PubMed, ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library). Studies that involved traditional, non-creative PPI methods were excluded. Creative PPI methods were used to engage with people as research advisors, rather than study participants. Only primary data published in English from 2009 were accepted. Title, abstract and full text screening was undertaken by two independent reviewers before inductive thematic analysis was used to generate themes.

Twelve papers met the inclusion criteria. The creative methods used included songs, poems, drawings, photograph elicitation, drama performance, visualisations, social media, photography, prototype development, cultural animation, card sorting and persona development. Analysis identified four limitations and five strengths to the creative approaches. Limitations included the time and resource intensive nature of creative PPI, the lack of generalisation to wider populations and ethical issues. External factors, such as the lack of infrastructure to support creative PPI, also affected their implementation. Strengths included the disruption of power hierarchies and the creation of a safe space for people to express mundane or “taboo” topics. Creative methods are also engaging, inclusive of people who struggle to participate in traditional PPI and can also be cost and time efficient.

‘Creative PPI’ is an umbrella term encapsulating many different methods of engagement and there are strengths and limitations to each. The choice of which should be determined by the aims and requirements of the research, as well as the characteristics of the PPI group and practical limitations. Creative PPI can be advantageous over more traditional methods, however a hybrid approach could be considered to reap the benefits of both. Creative PPI methods are not widely used; however, this could change over time as PPI becomes embedded even more into research.

Plain English Summary

It is important that patients and public are included in the research process from initial brainstorming, through design to delivery. This is known as public and patient involvement (PPI). Their input means that research closely aligns with their wants and needs. Traditionally to get this input, interviews and group discussions are held, but this can exclude people who find these activities non-engaging or inaccessible, for example those with language challenges, learning disabilities or memory issues. Creative methods of PPI can overcome this. This is a broad term describing different (non-traditional) ways of engaging patients and public in research, such as through the use or art, animation or performance. This review investigated the reasons why creative approaches to PPI could be difficult (limitations) or helpful (strengths) in health and social care research. After searching 5 online databases, 12 studies were included in the review. PPI groups included adults, children and people with language and memory impairments. Creative methods included songs, poems, drawings, the use of photos and drama, visualisations, Facebook, creating prototypes, personas and card sorting. Limitations included the time, cost and effort associated with creative methods, the lack of application to other populations, ethical issues and buy-in from the wider research community. Strengths included the feeling of equality between academics and the public, creation of a safe space for people to express themselves, inclusivity, and that creative PPI can be cost and time efficient. Overall, this review suggests that creative PPI is worthwhile, however each method has its own strengths and limitations and the choice of which will depend on the research project, PPI group characteristics and other practical limitations, such as time and financial constraints.

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Introduction

Patient and public involvement (PPI) is the term used to describe the partnership between patients (including caregivers, potential patients, healthcare users etc.) or the public (a community member with no known interest in the topic) with researchers. It describes research that is done “‘with’ or ‘by’ the public, rather than ‘to,’ ‘about’ or ‘for’ them” [ 1 ]. In 2009, it became a legislative requirement for certain health and social care organisations to include patients, families, carers and communities in not only the planning of health and social care services, but the commissioning, delivery and evaluation of them too [ 2 ]. For example, funding applications for the National Institute of Health and Care Research (NIHR), a UK funding body, mandates a demonstration of how researchers plan to include patients/service users, the public and carers at each stage of the project [ 3 ]. However, this should not simply be a tokenistic, tick-box exercise. PPI should help formulate initial ideas and should be an instrumental, continuous part of the research process. Input from PPI can provide unique insights not yet considered and can ensure that research and health services are closely aligned to the needs and requirements of service users PPI also generally makes research more relevant with clearer outcomes and impacts [ 4 ]. Although this review refers to both patients and the public using the umbrella term ‘PPI’, it is important to acknowledge that these are two different groups with different motivations, needs and interests when it comes to health research and service delivery [ 5 ].

Despite continuing recognition of the need of PPI to improve quality of healthcare, researchers have also recognised that there is no ‘one size fits all’ method for involving patients [ 4 ]. Traditionally, PPI methods invite people to take part in interviews or focus groups to facilitate discussion, or surveys and questionnaires. However, these can sometimes be inaccessible or non-engaging for certain populations. For example, someone with communication difficulties may find it difficult to engage in focus groups or interviews. If individuals lack the appropriate skills to interact in these types of scenarios, they cannot take advantage of the participation opportunities it can provide [ 6 ]. Creative methods, however, aim to resolve these issues. These are a relatively new concept whereby researchers use creative methods (e.g., artwork, animations, Lego), to make PPI more accessible and engaging for those whose voices would otherwise go unheard. They ensure that all populations can engage in research, regardless of their background or skills. Seminal work has previously been conducted in this area, which brought to light the use of creative methodologies in research. Leavy (2008) [ 7 ] discussed how traditional interviews had limits on what could be expressed due to their sterile, jargon-filled and formulaic structure, read by only a few specialised academics. It was this that called for more creative approaches, which included narrative enquiry, fiction-based research, poetry, music, dance, art, theatre, film and visual art. These practices, which can be used in any stage of the research cycle, supported greater empathy, self-reflection and longer-lasting learning experiences compared to interviews [ 7 ]. They also pushed traditional academic boundaries, which made the research accessible not only to researchers, but the public too. Leavy explains that there are similarities between arts-based approaches and scientific approaches: both attempts to investigate what it means to be human through exploration, and used together, these complimentary approaches can progress our understanding of the human experience [ 7 ]. Further, it is important to acknowledge the parallels and nuances between creative and inclusive methods of PPI. Although creative methods aim to be inclusive (this should underlie any PPI activity, whether creative or not), they do not incorporate all types of accessible, inclusive methodologies e.g., using sign language for people with hearing impairments or audio recordings for people who cannot read. Given that there was not enough scope to include an evaluation of all possible inclusive methodologies, this review will focus on creative methods of PPI only.

We aimed to conduct a qualitative systematic review to highlight the strengths of creative PPI in health and social care research, as well as the limitations, which might act as a barrier to their implementation. A qualitative systematic review “brings together research on a topic, systematically searching for research evidence from primary qualitative studies and drawing the findings together” [ 8 ]. This review can then advise researchers of the best practices when designing PPI.

Public involvement

The PHIRST-LIGHT Public Advisory Group (PAG) consists of a team of experienced public contributors with a diverse range of characteristics from across the UK. The PAG was involved in the initial question setting and study design for this review.

Search strategy

For the purpose of this review, the JBI approach for conducting qualitative systematic reviews was followed [ 9 ]. The search terms were (“creativ*” OR “innovat*” OR “authentic” OR “original” OR “inclu*”) AND (“public and patient involvement” OR “patient and public involvement” OR “public and patient involvement and engagement” OR “patient and public involvement and engagement” OR “PPI” OR “PPIE” OR “co-produc*” OR “co-creat*” OR “co-design*” OR “cooperat*” OR “co-operat*”). This search string was modified according to the requirements of each database. Papers were filtered by title, abstract and keywords (see Additional file 1 for search strings). The databases searched included Web of Science (WoS), PubMed, ASSIA and CINAHL. The Cochrane Library was also searched to identify relevant reviews which could lead to the identification of primary research. The search was conducted on 14/04/23. As our aim was to report on the use of creative PPI in research, rather than more generic public engagement, we used electronic databases of scholarly peer-reviewed literature, which represent a wide range of recognised databases. These identified studies published in general international journals (WoS, PubMed), those in social sciences journals (ASSIA), those in nursing and allied health journals (CINAHL), and trials of interventions (Cochrane Library).

Inclusion criteria

Only full-text, English language, primary research papers from 2009 to 2023 were included. This was the chosen timeframe as in 2009 the Health and Social Reform Act made it mandatory for certain Health and Social Care organisations to involve the public and patients in planning, delivering, and evaluating services [ 2 ]. Only creative methods of PPI were accepted, rather than traditional methods, such as interviews or focus groups. For the purposes of this paper, creative PPI included creative art or arts-based approaches (e.g., e.g. stories, songs, drama, drawing, painting, poetry, photography) to enhance engagement. Titles were related to health and social care and the creative PPI was used to engage with people as research advisors, not as study participants. Meta-analyses, conference abstracts, book chapters, commentaries and reviews were excluded. There were no limits concerning study location or the demographic characteristics of the PPI groups. Only qualitative data were accepted.

Quality appraisal

Quality appraisal using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist [ 10 ] was conducted by the primary authors (ORP and CH). This was done independently, and discrepancies were discussed and resolved. If a consensus could not be reached, a third independent reviewer was consulted (JRM). The full list of quality appraisal questions can be found in Additional file 2 .

Data extraction

ORP extracted the study characteristics and a subset of these were checked by CH. Discrepancies were discussed and amendments made. Extracted data included author, title, location, year of publication, year study was carried out, research question/aim, creative methods used, number of participants, mean age, gender, ethnicity of participants, setting, limitations and strengths of creative PPI and main findings.

Data analysis

The included studies were analysed using inductive thematic analysis [ 11 ], where themes were determined by the data. The familiarisation stage took place during full-text reading of the included articles. Anything identified as a strength or limitation to creative PPI methods was extracted verbatim as an initial code and inputted into the data extraction Excel sheet. Similar codes were sorted into broader themes, either under ‘strengths’ or ‘limitations’ and reviewed. Themes were then assigned a name according to the codes.

The search yielded 9978 titles across the 5 databases: Web of Science (1480 results), PubMed (94 results), ASSIA (2454 results), CINAHL (5948 results) and Cochrane Library (2 results), resulting in 8553 different studies after deduplication. ORP and CH independently screened their titles and abstracts, excluding those that did not meet the criteria. After assessment, 12 studies were included (see Fig. 1 ).

PRISMA flowchart of the study selection process

Study characteristics

The included studies were published between 2018 and 2022. Seven were conducted in the UK [ 12 , 14 , 15 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 23 ], two in Canada [ 21 , 22 ], one in Australia [ 13 ], one in Norway [ 16 ] and one in Ireland [ 20 ]. The PPI activities occurred across various settings, including a school [ 12 ], social club [ 12 ], hospital [ 17 ], university [ 22 ], theatre [ 19 ], hotel [ 20 ], or online [ 15 , 21 ], however this information was omitted in 5 studies [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 18 , 23 ]. The number of people attending the PPI sessions varied, ranging from 6 to 289, however the majority (ten studies) had less than 70 participants [ 13 , 14 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Seven studies did not provide information on the age or gender of the PPI groups. Of those that did, ages ranged from 8 to 76 and were mostly female. The ethnicities of the PPI group members were also rarely recorded (see Additional file 3 for data extraction table).

Types of creative methods

The type of creative methods used to engage the PPI groups were varied. These included songs, poems, drawings, photograph elicitation, drama performance, visualisations, Facebook, photography, prototype development, cultural animation, card sorting and creating personas (see Table 1 ). These were sometimes accompanied by traditional methods of PPI such as interviews and focus group discussions.

The 12 included studies were all deemed to be of good methodological quality, with scores ranging from 6/10 to 10/10 with the CASP critical appraisal tool [ 10 ] (Table 2 ).

Thematic analysis

Analysis identified four limitations and five strengths to creative PPI (see Fig. 2 ). Limitations included the time and resource intensity of creative PPI methods, its lack of generalisation, ethical issues and external factors. Strengths included the disruption of power hierarchies, the engaging and inclusive nature of the methods and their long-term cost and time efficiency. Creative PPI methods also allowed mundane and “taboo” topics to be discussed within a safe space.

Theme map of strengths and limitations

Limitations of creative PPI

Creative ppi methods are time and resource intensive.

The time and resource intensive nature of creative PPI methods is a limitation, most notably for the persona-scenario methodology. Valaitis et al. [ 22 ] used 14 persona-scenario workshops with 70 participants to co-design a healthcare intervention, which aimed to promote optimal aging in Canada. Using the persona method, pairs composed of patients, healthcare providers, community service providers and volunteers developed a fictional character which they believed represented an ‘end-user’ of the healthcare intervention. Due to the depth and richness of the data produced the authors reported that it was time consuming to analyse. Further, they commented that the amount of information was difficult to disseminate to scientific leads and present at team meetings. Additionally, to ensure the production of high-quality data, to probe for details and lead group discussion there was a need for highly skilled facilitators. The resource intensive nature of the creative co-production was also noted in a study using the persona scenario and creative worksheets to develop a prototype decision support tool for individuals with malignant pleural effusion [ 17 ]. With approximately 50 people, this was also likely to yield a high volume of data to consider.

To prepare materials for populations who cannot engage in traditional methods of PPI was also timely. Kearns et al. [ 18 ] developed a feedback questionnaire for people with aphasia to evaluate ICT-delivered rehabilitation. To ensure people could participate effectively, the resources used during the workshops, such as PowerPoints, online images and photographs, had to be aphasia-accessible, which was labour and time intensive. The author warned that this time commitment should not be underestimated.

There are further practical limitations to implementing creative PPI, such as the costs of materials for activities as well as hiring a space for workshops. For example, the included studies in this review utilised pens, paper, worksheets, laptops, arts and craft supplies and magazines and took place in venues such as universities, a social club, and a hotel. Further, although not limited to creative PPI methods exclusively but rather most studies involving the public, a financial incentive was often offered for participation, as well as food, parking, transport and accommodation [ 21 , 22 ].

Creative PPI lacks generalisation

Another barrier to the use of creative PPI methods in health and social care research was the individual nature of its output. Those who participate, usually small in number, produce unique creative outputs specific to their own experiences, opinions and location. Craven et al. [ 13 ], used arts-based visualisations to develop a toolbox for adults with mental health difficulties. They commented, “such an approach might still not be worthwhile”, as the visualisations were individualised and highly personal. This indicates that the output may fail to meet the needs of its end-users. Further, these creative PPI groups were based in certain geographical regions such as Stoke-on-Trent [ 19 ] Sheffield [ 23 ], South Wales [ 12 ] or Ireland [ 20 ], which limits the extent the findings can be applied to wider populations, even within the same area due to individual nuances. Further, the study by Galler et al. [ 16 ], is specific to the Norwegian context and even then, maybe only a sub-group of the Norwegian population as the sample used was of higher socioeconomic status.

However, Grindell et al. [ 17 ], who used persona scenarios, creative worksheets and prototype development, pointed out that the purpose of this type of research is to improve a certain place, rather than apply findings across other populations and locations. Individualised output may, therefore, only be a limitation to research wanting to conduct PPI on a large scale.

If, however, greater generalisation within PPI is deemed necessary, then social media may offer a resolution. Fedorowicz et al. [ 15 ], used Facebook to gain feedback from the public on the use of video-recording methodology for an upcoming project. This had the benefit of including a more diverse range of people (289 people joined the closed group), who were spread geographically around the UK, as well as seven people from overseas.

Creative PPI has ethical issues

As with other research, ethical issues must be taken into consideration. Due to the nature of creative approaches, as well as the personal effort put into them, people often want to be recognised for their work. However, this compromises principles so heavily instilled in research such as anonymity and confidentiality. With the aim of exploring issues related to health and well-being in a town in South Wales, Byrne et al. [ 12 ], asked year 4/5 and year 10 pupils to create poems, songs, drawings and photographs. Community members also created a performance, mainly of monologues, to explore how poverty and inequalities are dealt with. Byrne noted the risks of these arts-based approaches, that being the possibility of over-disclosure and consequent emotional distress, as well as people’s desire to be named for their work. On one hand, the anonymity reduces the sense of ownership of the output as it does not portray a particular individual’s lived experience anymore. On the other hand, however, it could promote a more honest account of lived experience. Supporting this, Webber et al. [ 23 ], who used the persona method to co-design a back pain educational resource prototype, claimed that the anonymity provided by this creative technique allowed individuals to externalise and anonymise their own personal experience, thus creating a more authentic and genuine resource for future users. This implies that anonymity can be both a limitation and strength here.

The use of creative PPI methods is impeded by external factors

Despite the above limitations influencing the implementation of creative PPI techniques, perhaps the most influential is that creative methodologies are simply not mainstream [ 19 ]. This could be linked to the issues above, like time and resource intensity, generalisation and ethical issues but it is also likely to involve more systemic factors within the research community. Micsinszki et al. [ 21 ], who co-designed a hub for the health and well-being of vulnerable populations, commented that there is insufficient infrastructure to conduct meaningful co-design as well as a dominant medical model. Through a more holistic lens, there are “sociopolitical environments that privilege individualism over collectivism, self-sufficiency over collaboration, and scientific expertise over other ways of knowing based on lived experience” [ 21 ]. This, it could be suggested, renders creative co-design methodologies, which are based on the foundations of collectivism, collaboration and imagination an invalid technique in the research field, which is heavily dominated by more scientific methods offering reproducibility, objectivity and reliability.

Although we acknowledge that creative PPI techniques are not always appropriate, it may be that their main limitation is the lack of awareness of these methods or lack of willingness to use them. Further, there is always the risk that PPI, despite being a mandatory part of research, is used in a tokenistic or tick-box fashion [ 20 ], without considering the contribution that meaningful PPI could make to enhancing the research. It may be that PPI, let alone creative PPI, is not at the forefront of researchers’ minds when planning research.

Strengths of creative PPI

Creative ppi disrupts power hierarchies.

One of the main strengths of creative PPI techniques, cited most frequently in the included literature, was that they disrupt traditional power hierarchies [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 23 ]. For example, the use of theatre performance blurred the lines between professional and lay roles between the community and policy makers [ 12 ]. Individuals created a monologue to portray how poverty and inequality impact daily life and presented this to representatives of the National Assembly of Wales, Welsh Government, the Local Authority, Arts Council and Westminster. Byrne et al. [ 12 ], states how this medium allowed the community to engage with the people who make decisions about their lives in an environment of respect and understanding, where the hierarchies are not as visible as in other settings, e.g., political surgeries. Creative PPI methods have also removed traditional power hierarchies between researchers and adolescents. Cook et al. [ 13 ], used arts-based approaches to explore adolescents’ ideas about the “perfect” condom. They utilised the “Life Happens” resource, where adolescents drew and then decorated a person with their thoughts about sexual relationships, not too dissimilar from the persona-scenario method. This was then combined with hypothetical scenarios about sexuality. A condom-mapping exercise was then implemented, where groups shared the characteristics that make a condom “perfect” on large pieces of paper. Cook et al. [ 13 ], noted that usually power imbalances make it difficult to elicit information from adolescents, however these power imbalances were reduced due to the use of creative co-design techniques.

The same reduction in power hierarchies was noted by Grindell et al. [ 17 ], who used the person-scenario method and creative worksheets with individuals with malignant pleural effusion. This was with the aim of developing a prototype of a decision support tool for patients to help with treatment options. Although this process involved a variety of stakeholders, such as patients, carers and healthcare professionals, creative co-design was cited as a mechanism that worked to reduce power imbalances – a limitation of more traditional methods of research. Creative co-design blurred boundaries between end-users and clinical staff and enabled the sharing of ideas from multiple, valuable perspectives, meaning the prototype was able to suit user needs whilst addressing clinical problems.

Similarly, a specific creative method named cultural animation was also cited to dissolve hierarchies and encourage equal contributions from participants. Within this arts-based approach, Keleman et al. [ 19 ], explored the concept of “good health” with individuals from Stoke-on Trent. Members of the group created art installations using ribbons, buttons, cardboard and straws to depict their idea of a “healthy community”, which was accompanied by a poem. They also created a 3D Facebook page and produced another poem or song addressing the government to communicate their version of a “picture of health”. Public participants said that they found the process empowering, honest, democratic, valuable and practical.

This dissolving of hierarchies and levelling of power is beneficial as it increases the sense of ownership experienced by the creators/producers of the output [ 12 , 17 , 23 ]. This is advantageous as it has been suggested to improve its quality [ 23 ].

Creative PPI allows the unsayable to be said

Creative PPI fosters a safe space for mundane or taboo topics to be shared, which may be difficult to communicate using traditional methods of PPI. For example, the hypothetical nature of condom mapping and persona-scenarios meant that adolescents could discuss a personal topic without fear of discrimination, judgement or personal disclosure [ 13 ]. The safe space allowed a greater volume of ideas to be generated amongst peers where they might not have otherwise. Similarly, Webber et al. [ 23 ], , who used the persona method to co-design the prototype back pain educational resource, also noted how this method creates anonymity whilst allowing people the opportunity to externalise personal experiences, thoughts and feelings. Other creative methods were also used, such as drawing, collaging, role play and creating mood boards. A cardboard cube (labelled a “magic box”) was used to symbolise a physical representation of their final prototype. These creative methods levelled the playing field and made personal experiences accessible in a safe, open environment that fostered trust, as well as understanding from the researchers.

It is not only sensitive subjects that were made easier to articulate through creative PPI. The communication of mundane everyday experiences were also facilitated, which were deemed typically ‘unsayable’. This was specifically given in the context of describing intangible aspects of everyday health and wellbeing [ 11 ]. Graphic designers can also be used to visually represent the outputs of creative PPI. These captured the movement and fluidity of people and well as the relationships between them - things that cannot be spoken but can be depicted [ 21 ].

Creative PPI methods are inclusive

Another strength of creative PPI was that it is inclusive and accessible [ 17 , 19 , 21 ]. The safe space it fosters, as well as the dismantling of hierarchies, welcomed people from a diverse range of backgrounds and provided equal opportunities [ 21 ], especially for those with communication and memory difficulties who might be otherwise excluded from PPI. Kelemen et al. [ 19 ], who used creative methods to explore health and well-being in Stoke-on-Trent, discussed how people from different backgrounds came together and connected, discussed and reached a consensus over a topic which evoked strong emotions, that they all have in common. Individuals said that the techniques used “sets people to open up as they are not overwhelmed by words”. Similarly, creative activities, such as the persona method, have been stated to allow people to express themselves in an inclusive environment using a common language. Kearns et al. [ 18 ], who used aphasia-accessible material to develop a questionnaire with aphasic individuals, described how they felt comfortable in contributing to workshops (although this material was time-consuming to make, see ‘Limitations of creative PPI’ ).

Despite the general inclusivity of creative PPI, it can also be exclusive, particularly if online mediums are used. Fedorowicz et al. [ 15 ], used Facebook to create a PPI group, and although this may rectify previous drawbacks about lack of generalisation of creative methods (as Facebook can reach a greater number of people, globally), it excluded those who are not digitally active or have limited internet access or knowledge of technology. Online methods have other issues too. Maintaining the online group was cited as challenging and the volume of responses required researchers to interact outside of their working hours. Despite this, online methods like Facebook are very accessible for people who are physically disabled.

Creative PPI methods are engaging

The process of creative PPI is typically more engaging and produces more colourful data than traditional methods [ 13 ]. Individuals are permitted and encouraged to explore a creative self [ 19 ], which can lead to the exploration of new ideas and an overall increased enjoyment of the process. This increased engagement is particularly beneficial for younger PPI groups. For example, to involve children in the development of health food products, Galler et al. [ 16 ] asked 9-12-year-olds to take photos of their food and present it to other children in a “show and tell” fashion. They then created a newspaper article describing a new healthy snack. In this creative focus group, children were given lab coats to further their identity as inventors. Galler et al. [ 16 ], notes that the methods were highly engaging and facilitated teamwork and group learning. This collaborative nature of problem-solving was also observed in adults who used personas and creative worksheets to develop the resource for lower back pain [ 23 ]. Dementia patients too have been reported to enjoy the creative and informal approach to idea generation [ 20 ].

The use of cultural animation allowed people to connect with each other in a way that traditional methods do not [ 19 , 21 ]. These connections were held in place by boundary objects, such as ribbons, buttons, fabric and picture frames, which symbolised a shared meaning between people and an exchange of knowledge and emotion. Asking groups to create an art installation using these objects further fostered teamwork and collaboration, both at an individual and collective level. The exploration of a creative self increased energy levels and encouraged productive discussions and problem-solving [ 19 ]. Objects also encouraged a solution-focused approach and permitted people to think beyond their usual everyday scope [ 17 ]. They also allowed facilitators to probe deeper about the greater meanings carried by the object, which acted as a metaphor [ 21 ].

From the researcher’s point of view, co-creative methods gave rise to ideas they might not have initially considered. Valaitis et al. [ 22 ], found that over 40% of the creative outputs were novel ideas brought to light by patients, healthcare providers/community care providers, community service providers and volunteers. One researcher commented, “It [the creative methods] took me on a journey, in a way that when we do other pieces of research it can feel disconnected” [ 23 ]. Another researcher also stated they could not return to the way they used to do research, as they have learnt so much about their own health and community and how they are perceived [ 19 ]. This demonstrates that creative processes not only benefit the project outcomes and the PPI group, but also facilitators and researchers. However, although engaging, creative methods have been criticised for not demonstrating academic rigour [ 17 ]. Moreover, creative PPI may also be exclusive to people who do not like or enjoy creative activities.

Creative PPI methods are cost and time efficient

Creative PPI workshops can often produce output that is visible and tangible. This can save time and money in the long run as the output is either ready to be implemented in a healthcare setting or a first iteration has already been developed. This may also offset the time and costs it takes to implement creative PPI. For example, the prototype of the decision support tool for people with malignant pleural effusion was developed using personas and creative worksheets. The end result was two tangible prototypes to drive the initial idea forward as something to be used in practice [ 17 ]. The use of creative co-design in this case saved clinician time as well as the time it would take to develop this product without the help of its end-users. In the development of this particular prototype, analysis was iterative and informed the next stage of development, which again saved time. The same applies for the feedback questionnaire for the assessment of ICT delivered aphasia rehabilitation. The co-created questionnaire, designed with people with aphasia, was ready to be used in practice [ 18 ]. This suggests that to overcome time and resource barriers to creative PPI, researchers should aim for it to be engaging whilst also producing output.

That useable products are generated during creative workshops signals to participating patients and public members that they have been listened to and their thoughts and opinions acted upon [ 23 ]. For example, the development of the back pain resource based on patient experiences implies that their suggestions were valid and valuable. Further, those who participated in the cultural animation workshop reported that the process visualises change, and that it already feels as though the process of change has started [ 19 ].

The most cost and time efficient method of creative PPI in this review is most likely the use of Facebook to gather feedback on project methodology [ 15 ]. Although there were drawbacks to this, researchers could involve more people from a range of geographical areas at little to no cost. Feedback was instantaneous and no training was required. From the perspective of the PPI group, they could interact however much or little they wish with no time commitment.

This systematic review identified four limitations and five strengths to the use of creative PPI in health and social care research. Creative PPI is time and resource intensive, can raise ethical issues and lacks generalisability. It is also not accepted by the mainstream. These factors may act as barriers to the implementation of creative PPI. However, creative PPI disrupts traditional power hierarchies and creates a safe space for taboo or mundane topics. It is also engaging, inclusive and can be time and cost efficient in the long term.

Something that became apparent during data analysis was that these are not blanket strengths and limitations of creative PPI as a whole. The umbrella term ‘creative PPI’ is broad and encapsulates a wide range of activities, ranging from music and poems to prototype development and persona-scenarios, to more simplistic things like the use of sticky notes and ordering cards. Many different activities can be deemed ‘creative’ and the strengths and limitations of one does not necessarily apply to another. For example, cultural animation takes greater effort to prepare than the use of sticky notes and sorting cards, and the use of Facebook is cheaper and wider reaching than persona development. Researchers should use their discretion and weigh up the benefits and drawbacks of each method to decide on a technique which suits the project. What might be a limitation to creative PPI in one project may not be in another. In some cases, creative PPI may not be suitable at all.

Furthermore, the choice of creative PPI method also depends on the needs and characteristics of the PPI group. Children, adults and people living with dementia or language difficulties all have different engagement needs and capabilities. This indicates that creative PPI is not one size fits all and that the most appropriate method will change depending on the composition of the group. The choice of method will also be determined by the constraints of the research project, namely time, money and the research aim. For example, if there are time constraints, then a method which yields a lot of data and requires a lot of preparation may not be appropriate. If generalisation is important, then an online method is more suitable. Together this indicates that the choice of creative PPI method is highly individualised and dependent on multiple factors.

Although the limitations discussed in this review apply to creative PPI, they are not exclusive to creative PPI. Ethical issues are a consideration within general PPI research, especially when working with more vulnerable populations, such as children or adults living with a disability. It can also be the case that traditional PPI methods lack generalisability, as people who volunteer to be part of such a group are more likely be older, middle class and retired [ 24 ]. Most research is vulnerable to this type of bias, however, it is worth noting that generalisation is not always a goal and research remains valid and meaningful in its absence. Although online methods may somewhat combat issues related to generalisability, these methods still exclude people who do not have access to the internet/technology or who choose not to use it, implying that online PPI methods may not be wholly representative of the general population. Saying this, however, the accessibility of creative PPI techniques differs from person to person, and for some, online mediums may be more accessible (for example for those with a physical disability), and for others, this might be face-to-face. To combat this, a range of methods should be implemented. Planning multiple focus group and interviews for traditional PPI is also time and resource intensive, however the extra resources required to make this creative may be even greater. Although, the rich data provided may be worth the preparation and analysis time, which is also likely to depend on the number of participants and workshop sessions required. PPI, not just creative PPI, often requires the provision of a financial incentive, refreshments, parking and accommodation, which increase costs. These, however, are imperative and non-negotiable, as they increase the accessibility of research, especially to minority and lower-income groups less likely to participate. Adequate funding is also important for co-design studies where repeated engagement is required. One barrier to implementation, which appears to be exclusive to creative methods, however, is that creative methods are not mainstream. This cannot be said for traditional PPI as this is often a mandatory part of research applications.

Regarding the strengths of creative PPI, it could be argued that most appear to be exclusive to creative methodologies. These are inclusive by nature as multiple approaches can be taken to evoke ideas from different populations - approaches that do not necessarily rely on verbal or written communication like interviews and focus groups do. Given the anonymity provided by some creative methods, such as personas, people may be more likely to discuss their personal experiences under the guise of a general end-user, which might be more difficult to maintain when an interviewer is asking an individual questions directly. Additionally, creative methods are by nature more engaging and interactive than traditional methods, although this is a blanket statement and there may be people who find the question-and-answer/group discussion format more engaging. Creative methods have also been cited to eliminate power imbalances which exist in traditional research [ 12 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 23 ]. These imbalances exist between researchers and policy makers and adolescents, adults and the community. Lastly, although this may occur to a greater extent in creative methods like prototype development, it could be suggested that PPI in general – regardless of whether it is creative - is more time and cost efficient in the long-term than not using any PPI to guide or refine the research process. It must be noted that these are observations based on the literature. To be certain these differences exist between creative and traditional methods of PPI, direct empirical evaluation of both should be conducted.

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to identify the strengths and limitations to creative PPI, however, similar literature has identified barriers and facilitators to PPI in general. In the context of clinical trials, recruitment difficulties were cited as a barrier, as well as finding public contributors who were free during work/school hours. Trial managers reported finding group dynamics difficult to manage and the academic environment also made some public contributors feel nervous and lacking confidence to speak. Facilitators, however, included the shared ownership of the research – something that has been identified in the current review too. In addition, planning and the provision of knowledge, information and communication were also identified as facilitators [ 25 ]. Other research on the barriers to meaningful PPI in trial oversight committees included trialist confusion or scepticism over the PPI role and the difficulties in finding PPI members who had a basic understanding of research [ 26 ]. However, it could be argued that this is not representative of the average patient or public member. The formality of oversight meetings and the technical language used also acted as a barrier, which may imply that the informal nature of creative methods and its lack of dependency on literacy skills could overcome this. Further, a review of 42 reviews on PPI in health and social care identified financial compensation, resources, training and general support as necessary to conduct PPI, much like in the current review where the resource intensiveness of creative PPI was identified as a limitation. However, others were identified too, such as recruitment and representativeness of public contributors [ 27 ]. Like in the current review, power imbalances were also noted, however this was included as both a barrier and facilitator. Collaboration seemed to diminish hierarchies but not always, as sometimes these imbalances remained between public contributors and healthcare staff, described as a ‘them and us’ culture [ 27 ]. Although these studies compliment the findings of the current review, a direct comparison cannot be made as they do not concern creative methods. However, it does suggest that some strengths and weaknesses are shared between creative and traditional methods of PPI.

Strengths and limitations of this review

Although a general definition of creative PPI exists, it was up to our discretion to decide exactly which activities were deemed as such for this review. For example, we included sorting cards, the use of interactive whiteboards and sticky notes. Other researchers may have a more or less stringent criteria. However, two reviewers were involved in this decision which aids the reliability of the included articles. Further, it may be that some of the strengths and limitations cannot fully be attributed to the creative nature of the PPI process, but rather their co-created nature, however this is hard to disentangle as the included papers involved both these aspects.

During screening, it was difficult to decide whether the article was utilising creative qualitative methodology or creative PPI , as it was often not explicitly labelled as such. Regardless, both approaches involved the public/patients refining a healthcare product/service. This implies that if this review were to be replicated, others may do it differently. This may call for greater standardisation in the reporting of the public’s involvement in research. For example, the NIHR outlines different approaches to PPI, namely “consultation”, “collaboration”, “co-production” and “user-controlled”, which each signify an increased level of public power and influence [ 28 ]. Papers with elements of PPI could use these labels to clarify the extent of public involvement, or even explicitly state that there was no PPI. Further, given our decision to include only scholarly peer-reviewed literature, it is possible that data were missed within the grey literature. Similarly, the literature search will not have identified all papers relating to different types of accessible inclusion. However, the intent of the review was to focus solely on those within the definition of creative.

This review fills a gap in the literature and helps circulate and promote the concept of creative PPI. Each stage of this review, namely screening and quality appraisal, was conducted by two independent reviewers. However, four full texts could not be accessed during the full text reading stage, meaning there are missing data that could have altered or contributed to the findings of this review.

Research recommendations

Given that creative PPI can require effort to prepare, perform and analyse, sufficient time and funding should be allocated in the research protocol to enable meaningful and continuous PPI. This is worthwhile as PPI can significantly change the research output so that it aligns closely with the needs of the group it is to benefit. Researchers should also consider prototype development as a creative PPI activity as this might reduce future time/resource constraints. Shifting from a top-down approach within research to a bottom-up can be advantageous to all stakeholders and can help move creative PPI towards the mainstream. This, however, is the collective responsibility of funding bodies, universities and researchers, as well as committees who approve research bids.

A few of the included studies used creative techniques alongside traditional methods, such as interviews, which could also be used as a hybrid method of PPI, perhaps by researchers who are unfamiliar with creative techniques or to those who wish to reap the benefits of both. Often the characteristics of the PPI group were not included, including age, gender and ethnicity. It would be useful to include such information to assess how representative the PPI group is of the population of interest.

Creative PPI is a relatively novel approach of engaging the public and patients in research and it has both advantages and disadvantages compared to more traditional methods. There are many approaches to implementing creative PPI and the choice of technique will be unique to each piece of research and is reliant on several factors. These include the age and ability of the PPI group as well as the resource limitations of the project. Each method has benefits and drawbacks, which should be considered at the protocol-writing stage. However, given adequate funding, time and planning, creative PPI is a worthwhile and engaging method of generating ideas with end-users of research – ideas which may not be otherwise generated using traditional methods.

Data availability

No datasets were generated or analysed during the current study.

Abbreviations

Critical Appraisal Skills Programme

The Joanna Briggs Institute

National Institute of Health and Care Research

Public Advisory Group

Public and Patient Involvement

Web of Science

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Acknowledgements

With thanks to the PHIRST-LIGHT public advisory group and consortium for their thoughts and contributions to the design of this work.

The research team is supported by a National Institute for Health and Care Research grant (PHIRST-LIGHT Reference NIHR 135190).

Author information

Olivia R. Phillips and Cerian Harries share joint first authorship.

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Nottingham Centre for Public Health and Epidemiology, Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Clinical Sciences Building, City Hospital Campus, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK

Olivia R. Phillips, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Holly Knight & Joanne R. Morling

National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) PHIRST-LIGHT, Nottingham, UK

Olivia R. Phillips, Cerian Harries, Jo Leonardi-Bee, Holly Knight, Lauren B. Sherar, Veronica Varela-Mato & Joanne R. Morling

School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK

Cerian Harries, Lauren B. Sherar & Veronica Varela-Mato

Nottingham Centre for Evidence Based Healthcare, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK

Jo Leonardi-Bee

NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK

Joanne R. Morling

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Contributions

Author contributions: study design: ORP, CH, JRM, JLB, HK, LBS, VVM, literature searching and screening: ORP, CH, JRM, data curation: ORP, CH, analysis: ORP, CH, JRM, manuscript draft: ORP, CH, JRM, Plain English Summary: ORP, manuscript critical review and editing: ORP, CH, JRM, JLB, HK, LBS, VVM.

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Correspondence to Olivia R. Phillips .

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Additional file 1: Search strings: Description of data: the search strings and filters used in each of the 5 databases in this review

Additional file 2: Quality appraisal questions: Description of data: CASP quality appraisal questions

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Additional file 3: Table 1: Description of data: elements of the data extraction table that are not in the main manuscript

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Phillips, O.R., Harries, C., Leonardi-Bee, J. et al. What are the strengths and limitations to utilising creative methods in public and patient involvement in health and social care research? A qualitative systematic review. Res Involv Engagem 10 , 48 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40900-024-00580-4

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The Proliferation of Starbucks Across the United States: a Detailed Analysis

This essay about Starbucks explores its evolution from a small coffee shop in Seattle to a major cultural and economic force in America. It highlights how Starbucks has influenced coffee culture, consumer behavior, and social practices, while also addressing the criticisms related to environmental issues and business practices. The essay reflects on Starbucks’ broad appeal and its role as a symbol of lifestyle and community in the U.S.

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In the rich mosaic of American coffee culture, Starbucks emerges as a vibrant highlight. From the energetic avenues of New York City to the tranquil neighborhoods of Oregon, Starbucks’ familiar green emblem serves as a magnet for coffee lovers throughout the nation. Yet, the rise of Starbucks from its modest beginnings to a global powerhouse is more than a story of growth—it represents a profound shift in cultural values, economic impact, and social evolution.

Picture yourself in 1971, at a quaint coffee bean shop in Seattle’s Pike Place Market.

This small enterprise would soon evolve into a vast coffee empire, spreading over 15,000 outlets nationwide. Starbucks has become more than a place to buy coffee—it has grown into a cultural phenomenon, offering a space for productivity, social interaction, and the inviting aroma of freshly brewed coffee.

Starbucks’ distinction lies in more than just its coffee; it’s about the experience it offers. Entering a Starbucks, one is immediately wrapped in the comforting scent of coffee beans, the soft murmur of conversations, and the cozy ambiance created by stylish lighting. It provides a haven not just for travelers or students, but for anyone seeking a moment of peace.

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However, it’s not just the products that make Starbucks a powerhouse; it’s its branding. The iconic green mermaid logo symbolizes more than just coffee—it represents a standard of quality, a sense of belonging, and a distinct lifestyle. Starbucks transcends being a mere coffee shop; it’s a part of daily life and a marker of social identity.

Yet, success brings its own set of critiques. Some criticize Starbucks for its aggressive expansion and its impact on local cafes. Environmental concerns about waste and sustainability are also at the forefront of discussions, alongside debates about ethical labor practices in its supply chain.

Despite these issues, Starbucks has engaged in significant initiatives that reflect its commitment to community and environmental responsibility. Programs like the Starbucks College Achievement Plan highlight its focus on employee benefits, while its efforts in sustainable sourcing and energy conservation demonstrate its environmental commitment.

Ultimately, the narrative of Starbucks in America is a complex one, interwoven with successes and setbacks. It reflects the essence of innovation, the impact of strategic branding, and the changing preferences of consumers. Loved by many and criticized by some, Starbucks remains a pivotal element of American coffee culture, continually shaping and reflecting our society’s evolving tastes and values.

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SUBMIT PAPER. Cross-Cultural Research (CCR) publishes peer-reviewed articles that describe cross-cultural and comparative studies in all human sciences. Each issue, published quarterly, examines topics that span societies, nations and cultures, providing strategies for the systematic testing of theories about human society and behavior.
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Cross-cultural management (CCM) research comprises a variety of disciplines with different thematic, paradigmatic, and methodological assumptions. ... Particularly, it would be necessary to examine the further development of the research papers taking place in the years following 2018 in both publications. ... Terms used for topics analysis: 23 ...
A bibliometric analysis of cultural heritage research in the humanities
Substantial research on the topic of cultural heritage has been conducted over the past two decades. At the same time, the overall output volume of journals and citation metrics have become ...
Cultural Analysis Essay: Topics, Tips, & Example
Here, you can learn more about a step-by-step plan for your analytical essay.. 📃 Cultural Analysis Topic Ideas: How to Choose. Here, you'll find three important points that will help you to choose the right topic for your paper.. Cultural Analysis Topics: Point 1. First, choose a society or culture that you want to talk about.Let us take American culture and society as an example.
20 Culture Research Paper Topic Ideas to Impress the Audience
Select a topic that is significant and relevant in today's society. Look for topics on culture that address current cultural issues, trends, or debates. For example, you could explore the impact of social media on cultural identity or analyze the representation of marginalized groups in popular media. Originality.
50 Critical Analysis Paper Topics
Describe some of the cultural examples of that Latino influence and analyze how it is changing American culture. 15. Single-parent families: The rise in divorce has created many more families headed, at least for a while, by a single parent. Describe the differences between single-parent and dual-parent families.
Birds of a Feather: Sharing Democratic Values Eases ...
Although prior research has proposed multiple approaches to reducing anti-immigrant discrimination, less is known about whether priming a shared political ideology works. Integrating a text analysis and a pre-registered survey experiment, we study Hong Kong residents' attitudes toward mainland Chinese immigrants. By employing the structural topic model, we analyze more than 4,000 Hong Kong ...
A Tale of Two Americas: a Comparative Analysis
This essay about the comparative analysis of North America and South America, highlighting their unique characteristics, shared challenges, and interconnectedness. It explores how North America's economic prosperity contrasts with South America's rich biodiversity and cultural diversity.
A Narrative Review of LGBTQ+ Marketing Scholarship
A total of 78 papers published between 1993 and 2021 were identified. From the 34 journals reviewed, 23 (68%) published studies on LGBTQ+ people. The first paper published on the topic was in the Journal of Consumer Marketing, while Psychology and Marketing and Consumption Markets and Culture published the highest number of papers (nine each ...
What are the strengths and limitations to utilising creative methods in
There is increasing interest in using patient and public involvement (PPI) in research to improve the quality of healthcare. Ordinarily, traditional methods have been used such as interviews or focus groups. However, these methods tend to engage a similar demographic of people. Thus, creative methods are being developed to involve patients for whom traditional methods are inaccessible or non ...
The Proliferation of Starbucks Across the United States: A Detailed
This essay about Starbucks explores its evolution from a small coffee shop in Seattle to a major cultural and economic force in America. It highlights how Starbucks has influenced coffee culture, consumer behavior, and social practices, while also addressing the criticisms related to environmental issues and business practices.

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