debate topic on free education

20 Debate Topics About Education

A topic which is guaranteed to stimulate passionate debate in your class is education. After all, education issues have the potential to directly affect your students and their futures. In this post, you will find 20 debate topics about education that you can use in your debate class. These are suitable for middle school students, high school students, and adults.

Debate Topics About Education

Here are 20 debate topics about education. All the topics below are formed as a statement so ask your students if they agree or disagree with the statements below.

• School uniforms are important at school.
• Education should be free for everyone.
• All student loan debts should be forgiven.
• Private schools are better than public schools.
• Tuition fees are too expensive.
• Homework is an important part of education.
• All exams should be replaced with coursework.
• School meals should be free for all.
• Teachers should have to wear a school uniform.
• Boys and girls should be taught separately.
• Cell phones should be allowed in the classroom.
• All students should learn at least one foreign language.
• Homeschooling is just as good as traditional schooling.
• School vacations should be shortened to allow more school days.
• Detention should be abolished in schools.
• Social media should be banned in schools.
• Security guards should be in all schools.
• University should be compulsory for all.
• Playing games in the classroom is important.
• Science is a more important subject than art.

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70+ Engaging Education Debate Topics

By Med Kharbach, PhD | Last Update: May 4, 2024

Debates have been a cornerstone of intellectual and rhetorical development since ancient times. As educators, we have a unique opportunity and responsibility to nurture a culture of debate in our classrooms.

Besides sharpen students’ speaking and rhetorica l skills, debates also enhance their research abilities and expand their knowledge base. In this era where education discussions and educational debates are increasingly important, the art of debating becomes an essential skill for our students.

Our focus today is on a variety of education debate topics especially suited for high school and college students. These topics are designed to spark deep, meaningful discussions and challenge students to articulate their viewpoints while respecting others’ perspectives.

From the latest in internet and technology debates to thought-provoking education and learning debates, and from culturally significant social debates to the pressing political debates of our time, this post covers it all.

Education Debate Topics for Students

The purpose of this post is to share with you this collection of debate topics that you can use as prompts to deep and meaningful discussions with your students (especially ideal for high school or college students). 

For practical reasons, I organized these debate topics into 3 broad categories: Internet and Technology debate topics,  Education and Learning debate topics, Social and Cultural debate topics, and Political debate topics.

Internet and Technology Debate Topics 

This category explores a range of contemporary issues that students encounter daily. From the impact of social media to the ethical considerations of artificial intelligence, these debate topics encourage students to critically analyze the technological world they are growing up in. They provide a platform for discussing how digital advancements are reshaping society, education, and personal interactions.

1. Should mobile phones be banned in schools?

2. Should parents limit kids’ screen time?

3. To what extent can parents control their kids’ mobile devices?

4. Should schools ban/allow access to social media websites ?

5. Should teens be allowed to play violent video games, why or why not?

6. Which do you prefer: to socialize online or hang out with friends in real life?

7. Are social media websites making people asocial?

8. Spending more time online makes people dumb/smart.

9. The Internet is eliminating more jobs than it provides.

10. Using the Internet for help with homework is cheating.

11. Technology is revolutionizing our life. Yes or no and why.

12. Kids should be allowed to interact with digital technology from an early age.

13. Artificial intelligence technology encourages cheating.

14. Robots will soon take all human jobs.

15. Self-driving cars should be banned.

16. Laws still have not caught up with cyber-crimes.

Related: 70 of the most controversial topics of our time

Education and Learning Debate Topics 

This category delves into various aspects of the educational system, questioning its current state and future direction. Topics range from the value of academic degrees to the effectiveness of different teaching methods. These debates challenge students to think about the role of education in shaping individuals and consider how it can be adapted to meet the needs of the 21st century.

17. What is the real value of academic education?

18. Are academic degrees worth the pain and hassle?

19. Should higher education be totally free? Why or why not?

20. Online academic and scholarly literature should be/shouldn’t be free. Why?

21. Post-pandemic classrooms are different from the pre-pandemic ones. Do you agree?

22. 21st century teaching/education/schools/classrooms are different. Do you agree?

23. What skills should every 21st century teacher master?

24. What do you think of school segregation?

25. School staff and teachers should be allowed to carry guns.

26. Which do you prefer studying at home, in class, or in a hybrid (flipped) setting? Why?

27. What do you think about online teaching?

28. Should homework be abolished?

29. Athletics is the least important subject in school.

30. Smart students occupy the front rows in class.

31. Should Teachers have a uniform dress code?

32. Sex education should/shouldn’t be taught in schools.

33. Recess periods should be longer.

34. Standardized tests should be banned.

35. Students should be allowed to eat in class.

36. STEM subjects are more important than other school subjects.

37. Schools should/should not be given the freedom to ban books from their libraries.

38. Which do you prefer, reading a book or watching its movie version? Why?

39. Is reading non-fiction a waste of time?

Social and Cultural Debate Topics

This category includes topics that touch upon important societal themes like racial equality, gender roles, and ethical dilemmas. These debates encourage students to reflect on their values and the societal norms that shape our world. They offer a space for discussing how cultural and social dynamics influence individual and collective behavior. 

40. What do you think of defunding the police?

41. Social, racial and linguistic profiling increases crime rate.

42. Should the government control people’s choices of whether to have an abortion or not?

43. Should same sex marriage be legalized?

44. Does bad parenting contribute to teens’ delinquency?

45. Should people be allowed to wear religious symbols in public?

46. Are you with or against euthanasia and assisted suicide?

47. Are you with or against government policing of social media websites?

48. Does social media contribute to the rise of hate crimes and crimes against minorities?

49. Are you with or against social media websites collecting users personal data and selling it to advertising companies?

50. Eating meat unethical?

51. Money does not necessarily bring happiness.

52. Animals should be liberated from zoos.

53. Marijuana should/should not be legalized.

54. Women are paid less than men.

55. Dogs are the best pets.

56. What do you think of interracial marriage?

57. Drinking and smoking should/shouldn’t be banned.

58. What do you think of teen pregnancy?

59. Are you pro or against abortion and why?

60. Should people be free to choose the gender they want to identify with?

61. What’s the role of religion in our life?

62. Why are there different religions?

Political Debate Topics 

This category addresses a wide array of political topics, from the debate over democracy’s efficacy to the role of governments in regulating personal freedoms. These topics encourage students to dissect political ideologies, policies, and their implications for society. Engaging in these debates helps students understand the complexity of political systems and the importance of informed civic participation.

63. Should democracies continue doing business with dictatorships and autocratic regimes?

64. When it comes to relations with foreign countries, which comes first:national interests or human rights and ethical considerations?

65. ‘Our’ political values are universal values that every nation should embrace. Discuss?

66. Democracy is the only viable political system.

67. The Constitution should/should not include references to religion.

68. Rich countries should/should not encourage immigration.

69. Monarchies are a waste of money and resources and should be abolished.

70. Voting should be compulsory for all citizens.

71. Nationalism and patriotism are harmful to global peace.

72. Politics should not infiltrate into sports.

73. Powerful countries should be allowed to bully their neighboring countries.

74. World peace is currently at stake. Why?

75. Countries should not interfere with the electoral systems of other countries.

76. Lobbying for foreign countries should be abolished.

77. Female politicians are better than their male counterparts.

Final thoughts

By engaging in education debates on topics ranging from internet and technology to education, social issues, and politics, students not only develop their argumentative skills but also learn to approach issues with an open mind and a critical perspective. Remember, the topics we discussed are not just for classroom debates but are also educational debate topics that can lead to broader discussions and understanding.

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Meet Med Kharbach, PhD

Dr. Med Kharbach is an influential voice in the global educational technology landscape, with an extensive background in educational studies and a decade-long experience as a K-12 teacher. Holding a Ph.D. from Mount Saint Vincent University in Halifax, Canada, he brings a unique perspective to the educational world by integrating his profound academic knowledge with his hands-on teaching experience. Dr. Kharbach's academic pursuits encompass curriculum studies, discourse analysis, language learning/teaching, language and identity, emerging literacies, educational technology, and research methodologies. His work has been presented at numerous national and international conferences and published in various esteemed academic journals.

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100 great education debate topics, bob cardens.

• September 2, 2022
• Essay Topics and Ideas

Education Debate Topics and Ideas to get you started. It can be difficult to choose an education debate topic that is both interesting and relevant, but this list of 100 education debate topics should help get you started!

Education debates can cover a wide range of topics, from early childhood education all the way to the college level. Whether you are looking for debate topics for a class or for a public forum, there is sure to be an education debate topic on this list that interests you!

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What You'll Learn

Education Debate Topics

• Is homeschooling a viable option for all children?
• Are charter schools better than public schools?
• Should school uniforms be mandatory in all schools?
• Are private schools better than public schools?
• Should colleges and universities be free to attend?
• Is online education as effective as traditional classroom education?
• Are standardized tests an accurate measure of a student’s knowledge?
• Should the No Child Left Behind Act be reformed or repealed?
• Is year-round schooling a good idea?
• Are charter schools unfairly funded?
• Do charter schools create a two-tiered education system?
• Are private schools creating a classist society?
• Do standardized tests put too much pressure on students?
• Should the Common Core State Standards be adopted by all states?
• Is the Education Savings Account program a good way to fund education?
• Should the government get out of the business of funding education altogether?
• Is sex education a necessary part of the public school curriculum?
• Should creationism be taught in public schools?
• Should evolution be taught in public schools?
• What role should religion play in public schools?
• Are for-profit colleges and universities bad for students?
• Is college tuition too high?
• Should student loan debt be forgiven?
• Are online courses as good as traditional courses?
• Is tenure a good thing or a bad thing for educators?
• Should teachers be armed in the classroom?
• Is corporal punishment an effective form of discipline?
• Are charter schools held to different standards than public schools?
• Do private schools have an unfair advantage in college admissions?
• Should affirmative action be banned in college admissions?
• Is the current system of college admissions fair?
• Should standardized test scores be a factor in college admissions decisions?
• Should colleges and universities consider race or ethnicity in their admissions decisions?
• Should legacy preferences be eliminated from the college admissions process?
• Do for-profit colleges and universities take advantage of students?
• Should the federal government do more to regulate for-profit colleges and universities?
• Is distance learning a good option for all students?
• Do homeschooled students have an unfair advantage in college admissions?
• Should the government provide free community college for all Americans?
• Is vocational training a better option than a four-year degree for some students?
• Should all students be required to complete community service hours before graduating high school?
• Arecharter schools held to different academic standards than public schools?
• Should all students be required to take a gap year before attending college?

Educational Debate Topic Ideas

• Should schools be teaching vocational skills instead of academic subjects?
• Should the school day start later?
• Should students be able to choose their own classes?
• Should schools ban homework?
• Should standardized tests be abolished?
• Are charter schools a good idea?
• Is homeschooling a good option for families?
• Should Religion be taught in schools?
• Are single-sex schools better than co-ed schools?
• Should all schools be bilingual?
• How can we make sure all children have access to quality education?
• Is it necessary to go to college to be successful in life?
• How can we reduce the drop-out rate in high schools?
• What should be done about overcrowded classrooms?
• Is corporal punishment an effective way to discipline children?
• Are after-school activities important for students?
• What is the best way to deal with bullying in schools?
• How can we make sure all children receive a well-rounded education?
• What is the best way to teach childrenabout sex education?
• Should schools be teaching financial literacy?
• How can we make sure all students have access to technology?
• What is the best way to deal with cheating in schools?
• Should schools be teaching character education?
• How can we make sure all children are physically active?
• Should schools be doing more to promote healthy eating habits?
• What is the best way to deal with disruptive students in class?
• How can we improve teacher training and professional development?
• What is education policy in your country?
• Is your country’s education system effective? Why or why not?

Controversial Education Debate Topics

• Is homeschooling a good or bad idea?
• Should schools be allowed to teach creationism alongside evolution?
• Is it necessary for all students to learn a foreign language?
• Should the school day be shorter or longer?
• Should students be required to wear uniforms?
• Are charter schools a good or bad idea?
• Should schools be more focused on academics or on extracurricular activities?
• How much homework should students be given?
• Should teachers be armed in schools?
• Should prayer be allowed in school?
• Are year-round schools a good idea?
• Is it a good idea to have standardized tests?
• Should sex education be taught in schools?
• Should evolution be taught in schools?
• Should the drinking age be lowered to 18?
• Should students be allowed to grade their own work?
• Is competition among students a good thing or a bad thing?

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30 Controversial But Good Debate Topics For High School Students

Are you searching for thought-provoking and engaging debate topics for your students? Look no further! In this article, we have compiled a list of 159 very good debate topics that will challenge and stimulate discussions in your classroom. Whether you’re a teacher, student, or parent, these topics will surely pique your interest and inspire critical thinking.

Debate Topics For Students

In this section, we will explore a variety of controversial debate topics that are perfect for students to discuss and analyze. These topics range from issues within schools such as cell phone usage and dress codes, to larger societal issues like social media’s impact and the death penalty.

Each sub-section will provide thought-provoking debate questions and keywords to help guide the discussion. So whether you’re looking for an ESL activity or a stimulating classroom debate, these topics are sure to engage and challenge your students.

1. Should Cell Phones Be Allowed In Schools?

• Research the Policy: Investigate the cell phone policy in both public and private schools to understand the current regulations.
• Evaluate the Pros and Cons: Consider the impact of cell phone usage on student learning, safety, and social interactions.
• Collect Data: Gather statistics and studies about cell phone usage in schools to support your arguments.
• Consider Alternative Perspectives: Explore the viewpoints of parents, teachers, and students through debate questions on platforms like Kialo Edu .

Pro-tip: Use this topic as an engaging ESL activity by encouraging students to debate the issue using their English language skills and critical thinking abilities.

2. Is Social Media More Harmful Than Beneficial?

Social media’s impact on mental health is a topic of concern, particularly among younger individuals. The debate on whether social media is more harmful than beneficial raises significant points.

Users, including white people and individuals of other races , are affected by cyberbullying and negative self-comparison. On the other hand, it provides connectivity and a platform for activism. Balancing these aspects is crucial.

3. Should Schools Implement Dress Codes?

• Public schools: Assess the existing dress code, gather feedback, and involve students in the decision-making process.
• Private schools: Research the rationale behind dress codes, evaluate the impact on students, and consider alternative approaches.

When debating this topic, students can explore the impact of dress codes on self-expression, examine cultural and gender implications, and discuss the balance between individual freedom and school discipline.

For ESL activities, encourage students to articulate their viewpoints, use debate questions from educational platforms like Kialo Edu, and foster critical thinking skills.

4. Is Homework Necessary?

For the debate topic ‘Is Homework Necessary?’ considering teens’ daily leisure time is crucial. College Vine suggests that homework should be meaningful, original, and not just busy work. Public libraries are excellent resources for teens to conduct research and gather evidence to support their arguments on this topic. Understanding how homework affects teens’ lives is essential, as it sparks interest and impacts their academic performance.

5. Should The Voting Age Be Lowered To 16?

In Scotland, the voting age for Scottish Parliament and local council elections was lowered to 16 in 2015. It allowed 16 and 17-year-olds to vote in the Scottish independence referendum, marking a historic democratic expansion. Should other countries model after this?

• Research the current voting age laws in your country.
• Understand the impact of lowering the voting age on government structure and policies.
• Consider the maturity and responsibility levels of 16-year-olds in making informed decisions concerning national matters.
• Analyze the potential implications of the voting age on other age-restricted activities, such as same-sex marriage and drug legalization.
• Review case studies from countries where the voting age has been lowered to 16.

6. Is Climate Change A Hoax?

Climate change is not a hoax, evidenced by scientific consensus and observable phenomena. In the United States, government structures have implemented policies to mitigate its impact. This topic sparks intense debate, reflecting the relevance of environmental issues. Just as same-sex marriage, drug legalization, and other controversial topics, the urgency of climate change demands attention.

The relevance of the topic is crucial, influencing its significance in modern discourse.

7. Should The Death Penalty Be Abolished?

• Research the history and impact of the death penalty on society.
• Evaluate the ethical and moral implications of capital punishment.
• Analyze the effectiveness of the death penalty as a deterrent for crime.
• Consider the financial and social implications, such as the cost of legal proceedings and the impact on families.
• Examine the societal impact, including potential biases in sentencing and the concept of rehabilitation.
• Explore the concept of a livable wage and its implications for society.

8. Is Gun Control Necessary?

Yes, gun control is essential for public safety and crime prevention. It’s a hotly debated issue in the United States due to its government structure and constitutional rights. Finding a balanced approach is crucial, similar to the deliberation on same-sex marriage or the legalization of drugs.

One true story that aligns with this discourse is the advocacy for stricter gun regulations following tragic mass shootings, reflecting the ongoing debate on this pivotal topic.

9. Should College Education Be Free?

Whether college education should be free is an engaging debate topic for students. Considering College Vine data, 79% of teens love to know they can access higher education without financial constraints. It’s a pertinent topic, given that students spend their daily leisure time at public libraries , and original sources indicate the rising cost of tuition. To encourage critical thinking, students can research and organize arguments, preparing for an insightful discussion.

10. Is Online Learning As Effective As Traditional Classroom Learning? (Keywords

The effectiveness of online learning compared to traditional classroom learning has been a topic of debate. Both methods have their own advantages, with online learning offering flexibility, accessibility, and a wide range of resources.

Traditional classroom learning , however, allows for face-to-face interaction and immediate feedback. The effectiveness of each method may vary depending on individual learning styles, subjects, and teaching approaches.

11. Universal Basic Income (UBI)

The debate over Universal Basic Income (UBI) centers on whether providing a fixed income to all citizens, regardless of employment status, is an effective strategy to alleviate poverty and reduce income inequality. Proponents argue that UBI can offer financial security and address economic disparities, while opponents express concerns about feasibility, economic sustainability, and potential disincentives to work.

12. Climate Change Policies

This debate delves into the adequacy of current global initiatives to combat climate change. Advocates argue for more ambitious policies, emphasizing the urgent need to address environmental issues, while skeptics may question the feasibility, economic impact, and effectiveness of proposed measures.

13. Is the trade-off between convenience and online privacy justified in the digital age?

The debate on online privacy revolves around the balance between the convenience of digital services and the protection of individuals’ privacy.

Supporters of a more permissive approach argue that convenience is essential for technological advancements, while privacy advocates stress the importance of safeguarding personal data in an era of increasing digital connectivity.

14. School Uniforms need to be enforced for students benefits

Supporters argue that uniforms promote equality and reduce distractions, while opponents emphasize the importance of students’ freedom to express themselves through clothing.

15. Censorship in the Arts

Should there be limits on artistic expression, and to what extent should art and media be censored Advocates for censorship may emphasize societal values and protecting audiences, while opponents argue for artistic freedom and the importance of diverse perspectives in creative works.

16. Social Media Regulation

Should governments regulate social media platforms to prevent the spread of misinformation and protect user privacy? Supporters of regulation highlight the need to curb the spread of misinformation and protect user privacy, while opponents may express concerns about potential infringements on free speech and innovation.

17. Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Are genetically modified foods safe for consumption, and should they be more widely embraced to address global food security? The discussion on GMOs focuses on the safety of genetically modified foods and their role in addressing global food security. Advocates argue that GMOs offer solutions to food scarcity and agricultural challenges, while critics raise concerns about potential health risks, environmental impact, and ethical considerations.

18. Mandatory Voting

Proponents argue that mandatory voting ensures broader representation and a more engaged electorate, while opponents may express concerns about individual freedoms and the potential for uninformed voting.

19. Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Should there be ethical guidelines and regulations for the development and use of artificial intelligence The discussion on artificial intelligence delves into the ethical implications of AI development and use.

Advocates for regulation stress the need to address potential risks, biases, and accountability issues, while proponents of a less restrictive approach may emphasize the benefits of technological advancement and innovation.

20. Affirmative Action

Is affirmative action in college admissions a fair and effective way to address historical inequalities?

Affirmative action is a contentious policy that seeks to redress historical disadvantages faced by certain groups. The debate centers on whether this approach is justifiable and successful in promoting diversity in educational institutions or if alternative methods should be considered to address inequality.

21. Space Exploration Funding

Should governments invest more in space exploration, or should those funds be allocated to address pressing issues on Earth?

The allocation of resources for space exploration is a perennial debate. Advocates argue that space exploration drives scientific innovation, while opponents question the prioritization of these endeavors over more immediate and pressing concerns on Earth. This debate delves into the balance between advancing human knowledge and addressing critical issues on our planet.

22. Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide

Should individuals have the right to choose euthanasia or assisted suicide when facing terminal illnesses?The ethical dilemma surrounding euthanasia and assisted suicide revolves around individual autonomy, the sanctity of life, and medical ethics.

This debate explores the extent to which individuals should have the right to make end-of-life decisions, considering the implications for personal autonomy, medical ethics, and societal values.

23. Animal Testing

Using animals in scientific research raises ethical concerns regarding animal welfare and the necessity of such practices. Advocates argue that animal testing is crucial for medical advancements, while opponents advocate for developing and implementing alternative methods.

This debate delves into the balance between scientific progress and the ethical treatment of animals. Is animal testing justified for scientific and medical research, or should alternative methods be prioritized?

24. What level of gun control is appropriate to balance public safety with individual rights?

Gun control debates revolve around finding a balance between individual rights to bear arms and the need to ensure public safety. Advocates for stricter gun control measures argue that they are necessary to reduce gun violence, while opponents emphasize the importance of protecting individual liberties. This debate explores the nuanced relationship between personal freedoms and societal safety.

25. How should the education system be reformed to better prepare students for the challenges of the 21st century?

The ongoing debate on education reform centers on the need to adapt traditional educational models to meet the demands of the 21st century. Discussions often revolve around curriculum changes, the integration of technology, and the fostering of critical thinking skills. This debate explores how educational systems can evolve to prepare students for an ever-changing world.

26. Should countries have more open or restrictive immigration policies, and how should they address the refugee crisis?

Immigration policies are a global issue, with debates surrounding national security, economic impact, and humanitarian considerations. Advocates for more open policies emphasize cultural diversity and economic benefits, while those favoring restrictions focus on cesources and national identity. This debate delves into the complex balance between humanitarian efforts and national interests.

27. To what extent does the use of social media contribute to or alleviate mental health issues among young people?

The pervasive use of social media among young people has sparked discussions about its impact on mental health. Advocates argue that social media provides a platform for connection and support, while critics highlight its potential adverse effects, such as cyberbullying and unrealistic body image standards. This debate explores the nuanced relationship between social media use and mental well-being.

28. Is nuclear energy a viable and safe alternative to fossil fuels, or should we focus more on renewable energy sources?

The debate on nuclear energy centers on its potential as a clean energy source and concerns about safety and environmental impact.

Advocates argue that atomic energy can significantly reduce carbon emissions, while opponents express reservations about the potential for accidents and the long-term effects of nuclear waste. This debate explores the trade-offs between addressing climate change and ensuring energy production safety.

29. Should the start times of high schools be adjusted to better align with students’ sleep patterns and well-being 

The debate on school start times revolves around the impact of early start times on students’ sleep patterns and overall well-being. Advocates for later start times argue that they contribute to improved academic performance and mental health, while opponents question the logistical challenges and potential disruptions to family schedules. This debate explores the intersection of education and student health.

30. Privacy vs. Security – What should be our focus?

Balancing individual privacy rights with national security measures in the age of technology. Advocates tend to argue that privacy is a fundamental human right that should be protected against unwarranted intrusion.

Proponents emphasize the necessity of robust security measures to safeguard citizens from various threats, including terrorism and cyberattacks.

Where can I find varied viewpoints on controversial issues?

Websites like 5 Star Essays and The Top Tens offer lists of debate topics with varied viewpoints. You can also look for articles and resources from reputable sources to gather different perspectives on an issue.

Can students participate in group discussions on controversial issues?

Yes, group discussions can be a great way for students to explore controversial issues and hear different perspectives. You can facilitate a respectful and productive discussion by setting ground rules and actively listening to others’ viewpoints.

Key Takeaways:

• Debate allows students to explore varied viewpoints and engage in ongoing discussions, providing a valuable learning experience for both public and private school students.
• Debate helps students develop critical thinking skills, gain new perspectives, and engage in important discussions on social topics such as drug tests and government assistance.
• Preparation is key for a successful debate – from choosing a topic and conducting research to organizing arguments and practicing delivery. Debate topics range from controversial issues to everyday concerns like cell phones in schools and homework.

That’s it for our guide on broad, controversial debate topics that are good for students. You can delve into each topic in more detail and of course adjust each debate topic for relevance and appropriateness depending on the maturity and age of your students.

Editorial Staff

Is free college a good idea? Increasingly, evidence says yes

Subscribe to the brown center on education policy newsletter, douglas n. harris douglas n. harris nonresident senior fellow - governance studies , brown center on education policy , professor and chair, department of economics - tulane university @douglasharris99.

May 10, 2021

• 10 min read

In just a few short years, the idea of free college has moved from a radical idea to mainstream Democratic thinking. President Biden made free college one of his core campaign planks , and one that the first lady has been promoting for years. In his recent address to Congress, the president also signaled that he is ready for legislative action on a scaled-back version of the idea as part of his American Families Plan .

Two weeks ago, the nonprofit College Promise (CP)—led by Martha Kanter, who served as President Obama’s undersecretary for education—also released a proposal that will influence the free college debate. (Full disclosure: I previously advised the Biden campaign and presently advise CP, but have received no compensation for these efforts.)

In today’s polarized environment, the free college idea stands out for its bipartisan support. A majority of self-identified Republicans has supported the notion of free college in some polls. In fact, one of the first such statewide programs was put in place by Bill Haslam, the former Republican governor of Tennessee. While this could go the way of Obamacare, which faced strong GOP congressional opposition despite the law’s origins with Republican Mitt Romney, free college seems different. Biden’s latest plan only applies to community colleges, which focus on career and vocational education of the sort Republicans support, as opposed to universities, which many Republicans view as hostile battlegrounds in a culture war.

But I am less interested in the politics than the evidence of effectiveness. I have studied college access for many years and run two randomized control trials of financial aid , which produced some of the first causal evidence on free college in Milwaukee. Two years ago, Brookings released the first installment of the Milwaukee work, which I carried out with a team of researchers. Since then, we have collected more data and learned more about how students responded over time. Below, I summarize our just-released study (co-authored with Jonathan Mills), compare our results to other financial aid programs, and then discuss implications for the Biden and CP proposals. Consequently, I conclude that the evidence increasingly favors free college and “open access aid” more generally.

What Did We Learn in Milwaukee?

I developed The Degree Project (TDP) in 2009 as a demonstration program in partnership between the nonprofit Ascendium (then known as the Great Lakes Higher Education Corporation and Affiliates) and Milwaukee Public Schools (MPS). TDP offered all first-time 9 th graders in half of MPS high schools $12,000 for college as “last-dollar” aid. Students could use the funds for college if they graduated from high school on time with a GPA of 2.5 and a class attendance rate of 90%. Also, as is the norm with free college programs, students had to fill out the FAFSA and have at least one dollar of unmet need. The aid could be used to attend any of the 66 public, in-state, two- or four-year colleges in Wisconsin. Ascendium provided up to $31 million to fund the grant and, as the main program administrator, sent regular letters to remind students about the program and its requirements. The organization also worked with school counselors to support students becoming eligible for the funds and preparing for college.

TDP was announced to students in the fall of 2011. Using anonymized data, we then tracked students’ high school, college, and life outcomes for eight years, and we recently received data extending through when students were roughly 22 years old. As a rare randomized trial, we could estimate the effects by comparing the control and treatment group outcomes. Here is what we found:

• For students who met the performance requirements, the program increased graduation from two-year colleges by 3 percentage points . This might seem small, but the denominator here is comprised of low-income 9 th graders. Half of the control group did not even graduate from high school, let alone college. The effect amounts to a 25% increase in two-year degrees.
• The framing and design of the program as free two-year college changed student decisions in ways consistent with what free college advocates suggest. The $12,000 maximum award amount was selected because it was sufficient to cover tuition and fees for a two-year college degree. The fact that TDP made two-year college free, but only reduced the cost of four-year college, was clearly communicated to students. This appears to explain one of our main results: Student enrollments shifted from four-year to two-year colleges. This is noteworthy given that students could use the funds at either two- or four-year colleges. In fact, students likely would have been able to use more of the $12,000 if they had shifted to four-year colleges. The only plausible reason for shifting to two-year colleges is that they were really attracted to the idea of free college.
• The “early commitment” nature of the program had some modest positive effects on some high school outcomes . Students learned about TDP in their 9 th grade year, giving them time to change their high school behaviors and college plans. Although it did not improve high school academic achievement, we find that TDP increased college expectations and the steps students took to prepare for college. TDP recipients also reported working harder because of the program (even though this did not show up in the academic measures). This highlights the fact that free college might also help address not only college-going rates, but the long-term stagnancy in high school outcomes.
• The merit requirements undermined the program’s effectiveness . Though the 2.5 GPA and 90% attendance and other requirements were arguably modest, only 21% of eligible students ended up meeting them. So, they ended up excluding many students. We also tested the two main ways that the merit requirements could have been helpful: (a) merit requirements might provide incentives for students to work hard during high school and better prepare for college, and (b) merit requirements might target aid to students who respond to it most. We find no evidence of either benefit. While students did work harder (see point [3] above), this appears to be due to other elements of the program, not the merit requirements.

Overall, these results suggest that aid is most effective when it is “open access”—that is, aid with early commitment and free college framing, but no merit requirements.

What about the evidence beyond Milwaukee?

Our study also reviews other research on financial aid, including federal aid, state merit aid programs, and the newer “promise scholarship” programs that mimic free college. Our study is not alone in finding that financial aid improves student outcomes. In fact, the vast majority of the most rigorous studies find positive effects on college attendance and college graduation. Given the strong average benefits of college, we can expect follow-up studies to show effects on employment earnings, voting, and other outcomes.

What about the costs? Open access aid is more expensive to be sure. More students receive aid and the aid levels per students are larger than traditional financial aid. Is it worth it? Our analysis suggests it is. We carried out new cost-benefit analyses of multiple programs, including TDP, but also other actively studied programs in: Kalamazoo, Michigan; Knox County, Tennessee; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and one statewide program in Nebraska. We also used estimates of the average effects of aid taken from prior literature reviews. All of these programs pass a cost-benefit test. That is, the effects on college outcomes, and the effects of college outcomes on future earnings, is much larger than the cost to the government and society as a whole. Moreover, it appears that benefits-per-dollar-of-cost are at least as high with open access aid as with more restricted programs. This means that open access aid provides greater total benefits to the community as a whole.

Back to the Free College Proposals

What do these results mean for President Biden’s and CP’s proposals? The table below provides a side-by-side comparison. The main difference is the level of detail. This reflects that the CP plan was designed to align with, and flesh out, the Biden campaign proposal. Perhaps the only substantive difference is that the CP proposal (and the Milwaukee program) includes private colleges. The Biden campaign documents exclude private colleges, though the American Families Plan just says “free community college,” signaling alignment with the CP plan. Both proposals are clearly in the category of open access aid.

There are numerous similarities between these provisions and the Milwaukee program that my team and I studied. All three programs make two-year college free (or nearly so) for all students without income requirements and through early commitment of aid. All three require the FAFSA and high school graduation. Importantly, unlike both the Biden and CP proposals, the Milwaukee program had merit requirements, which undermined its success. This is partly why our evidence is so relevant to the current debate.

Some might wonder why the president has scaled back the proposal to just free community college. This reflects that the idea of free college—even the “scaled back” version—is such a marked departure from past policy, especially at the federal level. Free community college alone would still be arguably the largest shift in federal higher education policy in the past half-century.

Caveats and Concluding Thoughts

We cannot make policy from evidence alone, but it can and should play a key role. Sometimes, policy ideas have such limited evidence of effectiveness that it is difficult to make any plausible case for a large-scale, national program. In other cases, there is enough promise for pilot studies and competitive grants to establish efficacy. With free college, we seem to be well beyond that point. In addition to decades of results on general financial aid programs, we have a growing number of studies on state and local programs that all show positive evidence—the “laboratory of democracy” at work. The idea of a large, federal free-college program therefore has more and more credibility.

A decade ago, it was not at all obvious that this is what the evidence would show. There was really no evidence on free college programs when we started this project back in 2009. Also, there were good reasons to expect that such a large increase in aid would suffer from “diminishing returns”—the idea that the next dollar is less effective than the previous one. This could have made free college more costly than the benefits could justify. Now, we know better.

I do still worry a bit about other factors and challenges. For example, the above analyses can only capture the immediate effects of financial aid, yet a federal free college program is such a marked departure in policy that it could alter political and market forces operating on higher education in unpredictable ways, perhaps even lowering college spending and quality. Also, if the proposal remains focused on community colleges, then this will shift students out of four-year colleges and into colleges that currently have very low completion rates. There are also other ways to increase college affordability and access that do not require free college (e.g., increased Pell Grants and income-based loan repayment), some of which target funds more narrowly to the most disadvantaged students. And there are many details to be worked out as the president’s allies in Congress try to generate sufficient support without (a) sacrificing core principles, or (b) creating new problems that can arise when grafting new federal programs on to widely varying state contexts.

Still, it is not often that an idea comes around that addresses a widely acknowledged problem and has both research support and a fair degree of bipartisan political support. The stars seem aligned to make some form of national free college a reality. The more evidence we see, the more that would seem to be a step forward.

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Should College Be Free? The Pros and Cons

Types of Publicly Funded College Tuition Programs

Pros: why college should be free, cons: why college should not be free, what the free college debate means for students, how to cut your college costs now, frequently asked questions (faqs).

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Americans have been debating the wisdom of free college for decades, and more than 30 states now offer some type of free college program. But it wasn't until 2021 that a nationwide free college program came close to becoming reality, re-energizing a longstanding debate over whether or not free college is a good idea. 

And despite a setback for the free-college advocates, the idea is still in play. The Biden administration's free community college proposal was scrapped from the American Families Plan . But close observers say that similar proposals promoting free community college have drawn solid bipartisan support in the past. "Community colleges are one of the relatively few areas where there's support from both Republicans and Democrats," said Tulane economics professor Douglas N. Harris, who has previously consulted with the Biden administration on free college, in an interview with The Balance. 

To get a sense of the various arguments for and against free college, as well as the potential impacts on U.S. students and taxpayers, The Balance combed through studies investigating the design and implementation of publicly funded free tuition programs and spoke with several higher education policy experts. Here's what we learned about the current debate over free college in the U.S.—and more about how you can cut your college costs or even get free tuition through existing programs.

Key Takeaways

• Research shows free tuition programs encourage more students to attend college and increase graduation rates, which creates a better-educated workforce and higher-earning consumers who can help boost the economy. 
• Some programs are criticized for not paying students’ non-tuition expenses, not benefiting students who need assistance most, or steering students toward community college instead of four-year programs.  
• If you want to find out about free programs in your area, the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education has a searchable database. You’ll find the link further down in this article. 

Before diving into the weeds of the free college debate, it's important to note that not all free college programs are alike. Most publicly funded tuition assistance programs are restricted to the first two years of study, typically at community colleges. Free college programs also vary widely in the ways they’re designed, funded, and structured:

• Last-dollar tuition-free programs : These programs cover any remaining tuition after a student has used up other financial aid , such as Pell Grants. Most state-run free college programs fall into this category. However, these programs don’t typically help with room and board or other expenses.
• First-dollar tuition-free programs : These programs pay for students' tuition upfront, although they’re much rarer than last-dollar programs. Any remaining financial aid that a student receives can then be applied to other expenses, such as books and fees. The California College Promise Grant is a first-dollar program because it waives enrollment fees for eligible students.
• Debt-free programs : These programs pay for all of a student's college expenses , including room and board, guaranteeing that they can graduate debt-free. But they’re also much less common, likely due to their expense.  

Proponents often argue that publicly funded college tuition programs eventually pay for themselves, in part by giving students the tools they need to find better jobs and earn higher incomes than they would with a high school education. The anticipated economic impact, they suggest, should help ease concerns about the costs of public financing education. Here’s a closer look at the arguments for free college programs.

A More Educated Workforce Benefits the Economy

Morley Winograd, President of the Campaign for Free College Tuition, points to the economic and tax benefits that result from the higher wages of college grads. "For government, it means more revenue," said Winograd in an interview with The Balance—the more a person earns, the more they will likely pay in taxes . In addition, "the country's economy gets better because the more skilled the workforce this country has, the better [it’s] able to compete globally." Similarly, local economies benefit from a more highly educated, better-paid workforce because higher earners have more to spend. "That's how the economy grows," Winograd explained, “by increasing disposable income."

According to Harris, the return on a government’s investment in free college can be substantial. "The additional finding of our analysis was that these things seem to consistently pass a cost-benefit analysis," he said. "The benefits seem to be at least double the cost in the long run when we look at the increased college attainment and the earnings that go along with that, relative to the cost and the additional funding and resources that go into them." 

Free College Programs Encourage More Students to Attend

Convincing students from underprivileged backgrounds to take a chance on college can be a challenge, particularly when students are worried about overextending themselves financially. But free college programs tend to have more success in persuading students to consider going, said Winograd, in part because they address students' fears that they can't afford higher education . "People who wouldn't otherwise think that they could go to college, or who think the reason they can't is [that] it's too expensive, [will] stop, pay attention, listen, decide it's an opportunity they want to take advantage of, and enroll," he said.

According to Harris, students also appear to like the certainty and simplicity of the free college message. "They didn't want to have to worry that next year they were not going to have enough money to pay their tuition bill," he said. "They don't know what their finances are going to look like a few months down the road, let alone next year, and it takes a while to get a degree. So that matters." 

Free college programs can also help send "a clear and tangible message" to students and their families that a college education is attainable for them, said Michelle Dimino, an Education Director with Third Way. This kind of messaging is especially important to first-generation and low-income students, she said. 

Free College Increases Graduation Rates and Financial Security

Free tuition programs appear to improve students’ chances of completing college. For example, Harris noted that his research found a meaningful link between free college tuition and higher graduation rates. "What we found is that it did increase college graduation at the two-year college level, so more students graduated than otherwise would have." 

Free college tuition programs also give people a better shot at living a richer, more comfortable life, say advocates. "It's almost an economic necessity to have some college education," noted Winograd. Similar to the way a high school diploma was viewed as crucial in the 20th century, employees are now learning that they need at least two years of college to compete in a global, information-driven economy. "Free community college is a way of making that happen quickly, effectively, and essentially," he explained. 

Free community college isn’t a universally popular idea. While many critics point to the potential costs of funding such programs, others identify issues with the effectiveness and fairness of current attempts to cover students’ college tuition. Here’s a closer look at the concerns about free college programs.

It Would Be Too Expensive

The idea of free community college has come under particular fire from critics who worry about the cost of social spending. Since community colleges aren't nearly as expensive as four-year colleges—often costing thousands of dollars a year—critics argue that individuals can often cover their costs using other forms of financial aid . But, they point out, community college costs would quickly add up when paid for in bulk through a free college program: Biden’s proposed free college plan would have cost $49.6 billion in its first year, according to an analysis from Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. Some opponents argue that the funds could be put to better use in other ways, particularly by helping students complete their degrees.

Free College Isn't Really Free

One of the most consistent concerns that people have voiced about free college programs is that they don’t go far enough. Even if a program offers free tuition, students will need to find a way to pay for other college-related expenses , such as books, room and board, transportation, high-speed internet, and, potentially, child care. "Messaging is such a key part of this," said Dimino. Students "may apply or enroll in college, understanding it's going to be free, but then face other unexpected charges along the way." 

It's important for policymakers to consider these factors when designing future free college programs. Otherwise, Dimino and other observers fear that students could potentially wind up worse off if they enroll and invest in attending college and then are forced to drop out due to financial pressures. 

Free College Programs Don’t Help the Students Who Need Them Most

Critics point out that many free college programs are limited by a variety of quirks and restrictions, which can unintentionally shut out deserving students or reward wealthier ones. Most state-funded free college programs are last-dollar programs, which don’t kick in until students have applied financial aid to their tuition. That means these programs offer less support to low-income students who qualify for need-based aid—and more support for higher-income students who don’t.

Community College May Not Be the Best Path for All Students

Some critics also worry that all students will be encouraged to attend community college when some would have been better off at a four-year institution. Four-year colleges tend to have more resources than community colleges and can therefore offer more support to high-need students. 

In addition, some research has shown that students at community colleges are less likely to be academically successful than students at four-year colleges, said Dimino. "Statistically, the data show that there are poorer outcomes for students at community colleges […] such as lower graduation rates and sometimes low transfer rates from two- to four-year schools." 

With Congress focused on other priorities, a nationwide free college program is unlikely to happen anytime soon. However, some states and municipalities offer free tuition programs, so students may be able to access some form of free college, depending on where they live. A good resource is the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education’s searchable database of Promise Programs , which lists more than 100 free community college programs, though the majority are limited to California residents.

In the meantime, school leaders and policymakers may shift their focus to other access and equity interventions for low-income students. For example, higher education experts Eileen Strempel and Stephen Handel published a book in 2021 titled "Beyond Free College: Making Higher Education Work for 21st Century Students." The book argues that policymakers should focus more strongly on college completion, not just college access. "There hasn't been enough laser-focus on how we actually get people to complete their degrees," noted Strempel in an interview with The Balance. 

Rather than just improving access for low-income college students, Strempel and Handel argue that decision-makers should instead look more closely at the social and economic issues that affect students , such as food and housing insecurity, child care, transportation, and personal technology. For example, "If you don't have a computer, you don't have access to your education anymore," said Strempel. "It's like today's pencil."

Saving money on college costs can be challenging, but you can take steps to reduce your cost of living. For example, if you're interested in a college but haven't yet enrolled, pay close attention to where it's located and how much residents typically pay for major expenses, such as housing, utilities, and food. If the college is located in a high-cost area, it could be tough to justify the living expenses you'll incur. Similarly, if you plan to commute, take the time to check gas or public transportation prices and calculate how much you'll likely have to spend per month to go to and from campus several times a week. 

Now that more colleges offer classes online, it may also be worth looking at lower-cost programs in areas that are farther from where you live, particularly if they allow you to graduate without setting foot on campus. Also, check out state and federal financial aid programs that can help you slim down your expenses, or, in some cases, pay for them completely. Finally, look into need-based and merit-based grants and scholarships that can help you cover even more of your expenses. Also, consider applying to no-loan colleges , which promise to help students graduate without going into debt.

Should community college be free?

It’s a big question with varying viewpoints. Supporters of free community college cite the economic contributions of a more educated workforce and the individual benefit of financial security, while critics caution against the potential expense and the inefficiency of last-dollar free college programs. 

What states offer free college?

More than 30 states offer some type of tuition-free college program, including Arkansas, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Indiana, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Michigan, Nevada, New York, Oklahoma, Oregon, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Virginia, and Washington State. The University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education lists over 100 last-dollar community college programs and 16 first-dollar community college programs, though the majority are limited to California residents.

Is there a free college?

There is no such thing as a truly free college education. But some colleges offer free tuition programs for students, and more than 30 states offer some type of tuition-free college program. In addition, students may also want to check out employer-based programs. A number of big employers now offer to pay for their employees' college tuition . Finally, some students may qualify for enough financial aid or scholarships to cover most of their college costs.

Scholarships360. " Which States Offer Tuition-Free Community College? "

The White House. “ Build Back Better Framework ,” see “Bringing Down Costs, Reducing Inflationary Pressures, and Strengthening the Middle Class.”

The White House. “ Fact Sheet: How the Build Back Better Plan Will Create a Better Future for Young Americans ,” see “Education and Workforce Opportunities.”

Coast Community College District. “ California College Promise Grant .”

Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. “ The Dollars and Cents of Free College ,” see “Biden’s Free College Plan Would Pay for Itself Within 10 Years.”

Third Way. “ Why Free College Could Increase Inequality .”

Georgetown University Center on Education and the Workforce. “ The Dollars and Cents of Free College ,” see “Free-College Programs Have Different Effects on Race and Class Equity.”

University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education. “ College Promise Programs: A Comprehensive Catalog of College Promise Programs in the United States .”

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30 Debate Topics To Engage Every Student

Introduction

Teaching students how to have meaningful discussions is a skill that all educators want to master. One great way to get students to talk and think critically in the classroom is to introduce debatable topics .

Table of Content

• 1. Introduction
• 2. The Power of Debatable Topics
• 3. Funny Debate Topics
• 4. Fun Debate Topics
• 5. Engaging Debate Topics
• 6. Debatable Questions for Critical Thinking
• 7. The best debate question
• 8. How to Choose the Best Debate Topic
• 9. Conclusion

The Power of Debatable Topics

B efore we get into the list of debate topics, let's discuss the significance of debatable questions in the educational field. Why are debatable questions so important in education? Debates help students think critically, communicate effectively, and see different sides of complex issues. They give students a chance to share their own ideas, support them with evidence, and learn to persuade others. And most importantly, debates make learning fun and memorable, instilling a love of knowledge.

Whether you're a teacher looking for new ideas or a student looking for inspiration for your next debate competition, here's a list of 50 fun, funny, and thought-provoking debate topics that will engage all learners

Funny Debate Topics

1) Should pizza be considered a breakfast food?

2) Is it better to have a pet Dinosaur or a pet dragon?

3) Who would win in a dance-off: zombies or mummies?

4) Do aliens exist, and have they ever tried pizza?

5) Is it okay to wear pajamas to school?

Fun Debate Topics

1) Should schools have a "no homework" policy?

2)Is it better to read the book or watch the movie adaptation?

3) Cats vs. dogs: Which make better pets?

4) Is time travel possible, and would you use it?

5) Should video games be considered a sport?

Engaging Debate Topics

1) Should cell phones be allowed in classrooms?

2) Is climate change primarily caused by human activity?

3) Should the voting age be lowered to 16?

4) Is social media more harmful than beneficial?

5) Should genetically modified organisms (GMOs) be banned?

6) Is space exploration worth the cost?

7) Is it ethical to use animals for scientific research?

8) Should the school year be extended?

9) Is a vegetarian or vegan diet healthier?

10) Should the death penalty be abolished?

Debatable Questions for Critical Thinking

1) Is censorship in art and media justifiable?

2) Should college athletes be paid?

3) Is the use of drones in warfare ethical?

4) Should the government regulate the internet more?

5) Is it ethical to clone humans?

6) Should schools teach financial literacy?

7) Is the use of nuclear energy safe?

8) Is it ethical to use AI in healthcare decision-making?

9) Should there be a universal basic income?

10) Is graffiti art or vandalism?

The best debate question

Is Atheneum Global the best institute to get your online Teacher Training Courses ?

Is this even a debate? Yes, obviously Atheneum Global is the best!

we deliver the most affordable and quality Teacher Training courses!

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How to Choose the Best Debate Topic

Choosing the right debate topic is essential for a lively and productive discussion. Here are a few tips:

Relevance : Pick topics that are important to your students and that they can relate to. This will help them stay engaged.

Balance : Include a mix of serious and lighthearted topics in your debates. This will appeal to a wider range of students with different interests.

Controversy : Choose topics that have multiple sides and that are genuinely debatable. Avoid topics with clear, one-sided answers.

Complexity : Select topics that encourage students to think critically and analyze the issue in depth. Avoid overly simplistic topics.

Current Events : Incorporate current events or contemporary issues into your debate topics . This will keep the discussions relevant and up-to-date.

Debating is a great way for students to learn. It helps them to think critically, to see different sides of an issue, and to communicate their ideas effectively. Whether you're a teacher or a student, here are 30 debate topics that are sure to spark interesting conversations.

Some of the topics are funny, some are fun, and some are more serious. But all of them are thought-provoking and engaging. So pick a topic, gather your arguments, and get ready to debate!

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125 Good Debate Topics for High and Middle Schoolers in 2024

April 2, 2024

What’s the most common phobia in the US? Snakes? Planes? Insects? Public speaking? Ding, ding, ding! If you chose the latter, you’re right on the money. According to an article from The Washington Post , 28% of responders fear public speaking above all else . While public speaking may be scary, it is a necessary and useful skill that benefits students in high school and beyond. Accordingly, one way for high school students to develop their public speaking skills is through the age-old activity of public forum debate, tackling hot-button debate topics from the use of ChatGPT on schoolwork to whether TikTok should be banned. (Fun fact: the art of debating dates back to the lessons of Socrates ! How’s that for time-tested?)

Debate provides the perfect opportunity for all students to practice essential life skills such as conducting research, structuring logical and persuasive arguments, and learning how to grapple with complex current issues. Additionally, debate can help build confidence, foster collaboration with peers, and enable students to become well-informed members of society. And who knows? A successful high school career on the debate team might just inspire a future career in public policy , international relations , or law .

What is the best topic for a debate?

Great question! The ideal debate topic should have relevance to students’ lives , be complex enough to sustain a lively discussion , and have a wealth of supporting “pro” and “con” evidence and data for students to draw upon to support their claims.

Before you choose a topic, you might want to do some preliminary research to see what is available. Remember, you can get creative! For example, if your topic is “Students should be allowed to wear pajamas to class,” you may have a hard time finding studies on that exact subject. Howevever, by researching similar topics, such as “ effect of clothing on productivity ” or “ effect of clothing on mental state,” you’d find a wealth of information to start building your argument.

Now that we’ve covered the essentials, let’s get into some great debate topics for high schoolers (and some debate topics for middle schoolers, as well!).

Education Debate Topics for High School

• Colleges should eliminate the use of standardized tests like the ACT and SAT for determining admissions.
• Schools should allow students to use ChatGPT when writing essays and completing assignments.
• All public schools should adopt a universal pass/fail grading system.
• School districts should allow their libraries to ban certain books.
• All students should have free access to higher education.
• Students should be allowed to wear pajamas to class.
• Students would benefit from a shorter school day.
• Schools should eliminate physical education requirements.
• All students should take a financial literacy course prior to graduating.
• Schools should permit teachers to carry firearms for self-defense.
• Teachers should prohibit the use of cell phones during school hours.
• High school classes should start later in the morning.
• Health classes should be eliminated and left up to parents.
• Schools should teach basic survival skills.
• Schools should downsize humanities and arts departments in favor of STEM departments.
• The Pledge of Allegiance is a form of propaganda.
• Period products should be available for free in school bathrooms.

Government Debate Topics for High School

• The government should lower the voting age to 16.
• The US should adopt a universal healthcare system.
• Censorship is sometimes justified in a democratic society.
• Hate speech should be protected under freedom of speech laws.
• The government should provide reparations for slavery and systemic racism.
• The US should implement a carbon tax to help combat climate change.
• The United States should take steps to disarm its nuclear arsenal.
• The US should abolish the electoral college and move to a popular vote system.
• The government should allow prisoners to vote.
• We should revise our penal system to focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment.
• Everyone should be required to serve in the military.
• Every state should have a sanctuary city.
• Prisoners should only be allowed to stay on death row for one year.
• We should abolish public access to the sex offender registry.
• Parenting education should be mandatory.
• The government should abolish religion-based federal holidays.
• State and federal investigators should not be allowed to use DNA from genealogy databases.
• Stay-at-home parents should receive compensation from the government.
• Undocumented immigrants should have a clear path to amnesty.

Science and Technology Debate Topics for High School

• It is the responsibility of social media companies to regulate hate speech on their platforms.
• The government should ban the use of facial recognition technology in public spaces.
• The government should hold social media companies responsible for overseeing the spread of misinformation on their platforms.
• The government should regulate the use of social media to protect user privacy.
• All social media companies should disclose what user data they’re collecting, and how it’s being used.
• Social media is hindering our ability to form meaningful connections with others.
• There should be an age restriction on using social media sites.
• The government should create guidelines for AI regulation to prevent widespread job loss in the workplace.
• The government should have the power to regulate the content of online platforms such as TikTok and YouTube.
• Sites like Twitter and Reddit should do away with anonymous posting.
• We should require social media influencers to disclose sponsored content.
• Artists who use AI to create their pieces should be banned from art contests and competitions.
• Car companies are responsible for self-driving car accidents.
• Electric cars are not sustainable.
• Parents shouldn’t be allowed to post photographs of their children online without their consent.
• You should be allowed to record anyone at any time, with or without their knowledge.

Health and Bioethics Debate Topics for High School

• The use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports is never ethical.
• The use of GMOs should be banned from all agriculture.
• The cloning of humans is ethical.
• The government should legalize all drugs, and tax them as it does cigarettes and alcohol.
• Pharmacies should sell birth control over the counter.
• We should ban animal testing for medical research.
• Authorities should prohibit doctors from prescribing placebos to patients.
• The US should legalize physician-assisted suicide.
• We should require genetic testing for all newborns.
• Patients should have the right to refuse medical treatments.
• The government should regulate the use of pesticides and other chemicals in agriculture.
• The government should mandate vaccines.
• The US should invest more in renewable energy resources to combat climate change.          
• Mail-order abortion pills should be available in every state.
• All restaurants should be required to print calorie counts on their menus.
• IVF embryos should be considered children.
• Embalming bodies should be banned.
• We should resurrect extinct species.                                                                                

Business Debate Topics for High School

• The government should increase the minimum wage.
• Universal basic income is necessary for a fair society.
• The government should ban unpaid internships.
• The government should regulate cryptocurrencies as they do other monies.
• The government should provide incentives for companies to hire more women and minorities.
• Companies should be required to disclose their gender pay gap.
• The U.S. should adopt a flat tax system.
• Companies’ boards should meet a set diversity quota.
• All companies that are able should transition to a work-from-home model.
• The government should provide financial incentives for companies to go green.
• We should require companies to provide at least three months of paid parental leave to their employees, regardless of gender.
• The government should force companies to disclose their carbon footprint.
• Everyone should tip 20% at food service establishments.
• Those who choose not to have children should be awarded an equivalent amount of paid leave.
• Millionaires should be required to donate a certain amount of money per year to charitable organizations.
• Commercial fishing should be banned.
• Fashion companies should not be allowed to manufacture clothing overseas.

Pop Culture Debate Topics for High School

• Reality TV portrays a distorted version of reality.
• Binge-watching TV shows is harmful to our mental health.
• Video games should have restrictions on the content they portray.
• Cosplay is a form of cultural appropriation.
• It is unethical for actors to play characters of different races and ethnicities.
• Award shows like the Oscars should have a diversity quota they must meet.
• Cancel culture is doing more harm than good.
• Celebrities should be held to a higher standard of behavior than the general population.
• Rap music is a positive influence on society.
• The paparazzi is harmful to celebrities’ well-being.
• Graphic novels are not literature.
• Genre fiction is less valuable than literary fiction.

Fun Debate Topics

• It is better to be well-versed in multiple topics than a specialist in one.
• Emojis should be allowed in formal correspondence.
• It is better to have the power of teleportation than that of invisibility.
• Exclamation points have become overused in text and email.
• Fast food restaurants should have a mandatory vegan option.
• Natural talent is more important for success than hard work.
• Cereal is technically a kind of soup.
• Pineapples belong on pizza.
• Marvel is a better superhero franchise than DC.
• Toilet paper should be rolled over, rather than under.
• Retired fashion trends should not return.
• Hot dogs are sandwiches.

Debate Topics for Middle School

• USDA regulators should ban junk food from school cafeterias.
• School should take place year-round.
• Schools should permit students to select classes based on their individual interests, rather than require all students to take the same classes.
• Schools should require students to complete a set number of volunteer hours in order to graduate.
• Single-gender schools are better than co-ed ones.
• The US should raise the driving age to 18.
• Children should earn a fixed amount for doing chores.
• Students should grade their teachers, too.
• Video games are a useful learning tool.
• Schools should not have a dress code.
• Teachers should not be allowed to give homework.
• Pageants and beauty contests are harmful.
• Pets should not be allowed at restaurants.
• Recess should be required at all middle schools.

I’ve got my topic, now what?

Once you’ve selected your debate topic, it’s time to prepare. Preparation for a debate involves some key steps, all of which are necessary to ensuring your argument is as sound and convincing as possible.

Putting Together a Successful Debate Argument, Step by Step

1) conduct your research ..

Read widely and smartly. As you go, take organized notes, marking down the sources of each—these will be pivotal later, when you’re building your argument and require points of reference. Research the counterarguments you find as well.

2) Organize your thoughts in a coherent manner .

Look over the data you’ve collected and decide your stance. Firstly, you should be able to articulate your position in a single, simple sentence. Then, create an argument that progresses logically. What do you feel are the strongest arguments for your position? You might consider placing your strongest or most thought-provoking argument last so that it is freshest in your listener’s mind.

Additionally, to help your listeners follow along, use signposts to indicate the direction of your claim. (Think of this as building your thesis. “In this argument, I will cover points A, B, and C.”)

3) Write out what you want to say .

Outline the main points of your stance. Under each section, bullet point key pieces of evidence that support your claim. Once you have that, see if you can summarize the bullet point using a single word or phrase. This way, when you’re in the heat of the moment, you can glance down and use that phrase to spark your memory.

4) Anticipate what your opponents might say .

This is essential to crafting a foolproof argument. Firstly, try to look at the debate from the opposing team’s side. Then, ask yourself: If you were arguing from their side, what points would you make? What is the rational counterargument to your claim, and how can you refute it? Where possible, you want to preclude any chance your opponent might have of catching you off-guard.

5) Practice !

Run through what you want to say, and run through it again. Get out the recorder and listen to a recording of yourself. Does your argument make sense? Practice for speed, clarity, and flow. In addition, memorization will help you get rid of any jitters you might have in the moment.

Good Debate Topics—Final Thoughts

In conclusion, debate is an excellent way for high schoolers to hone their communication skills. Moreover, by implementing the strategies outlined here, students will be better prepared to tackle debates with confidence, assured that they’ve put in the work to convey their ideas effectively and with success.

• High School Success

Lauren Green

With a Bachelor of Arts in Creative Writing from Columbia University and an MFA in Fiction from the Michener Center for Writers at the University of Texas at Austin, Lauren has been a professional writer for over a decade. She is the author of the chapbook  A Great Dark House  (Poetry Society of America, 2023) and a forthcoming novel (Viking/Penguin).

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60 Debate Topics for High Schoolers

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What’s Covered:

What makes a good debate topic, good debate topics for teens.

• Where to Get Feedback on Your Debate Topics

Learning to view, think, and discuss ideas from contrasting viewpoints builds a host of skills that will benefit high schoolers both in and out of the classroom—including improving public speaking, reinforcing listening, and sharpening research. Good debate topics for high school students are key to lively discussion and an engaged classroom; they’re issues that students care about. 

A good debate topic for high school is one that inspires students to think and learn about both sides of the issue. There are a few factors to consider when searching for good debate topics for high school students.

• Clear Idea: A good debate topic clearly, simply, and specifically states an often complex idea that students can argue the affirmative (pro) side of and the negative (con) side of.
• Interest: The more interesting the topic is, the more engaged and excited students are to take positions and defend them. 
• Passion: Topics that students feel strongly about work well. If students are super-passionate about a particular issue, it can challenge them to see both sides of the argument. 
• Argument: Good debate topics do not have a clear “right” answer—rather, they have opposing views that participants can make persuasive arguments in favor of or against. 
• Evidence: The availability of evidence and data is key to a good debate topic; without them, participants are merely stating a personal position on a topic. 
• Avoid Cliches: There are a handful of topics that seem to always materialize for debates and can cause students to lose interest. 

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• Are the arts an important aspect of education? 
• Should we make financial education mandatory? 
• Should students attend school year-round? 
• Should schools punish students for bullying that occurs outside of school?
• Will computers replace teachers in the future?
• Should students grade their teachers?
• Should all high school sports become gender-neutral?
• Is a college education as valuable as it once was? 
• Are student loans exploitative? 
• Is it time to eliminate standardized tests? 

Science and Technology

• Is social media making us less social?
• Is Google the best search engine or just the one we’re accustomed to using? 
• Is Android better than iOS? 
• Will technology save the world or destroy it? 
• Can the law keep pace with technology?
• Is the future of school online?
• Will cryptocurrencies replace cash?   
• Is technology taking jobs or creating them? 
• Should every American have the right to access the internet? 
• Are electronic libraries more equitable than traditional ones? 

Government and Politics

• Should the government make vaccinations mandatory?
• Is it time for Supreme Court justices to have term limits? 
• Should we make voting mandatory?
• Should we make all drugs legal?
• Is it time to decriminalize sex work? 
• Is our privacy more important than national security?
• Is it fair to take the right to vote away from felons? 
• Should we raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour?
• Should the government provide universal basic income? 
• Is providing healthcare the job of the government?
• Can governments implement policies that will actually combat climate change?   
• Should we allow the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports?
• Should we remove racial epithets from books like The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn ?
• Can the U.S. achieve gender equality?
• Is nationalism beneficial or dangerous? 
• Does religion do more harm than good?
• Should we bar police from using lethal force?
• Do we still need the institution of marriage? 
• Can the U.S. ever achieve racial equality?
• Are we living in a dystopian society?
• Should we punish or help drug addicts? 
• Is bad parenting responsible for the rise in childhood obesity?
• Should we sell birth control over the counter? 
• Is it time to ban cigarettes and vaping? 
• Are alternative medicines helpful or harmful?
• Should we ban businesses from advertising to children?
• Is the eight-hour workday outdated? 
• Should we treat corporations like people?
• Should corporations be involved in politics? 
• Is remote work the future of employment? 
• Is gaming a sport? 
• Are books a better entertainment option than television?
• Should social media companies censor content? 
• Is civil disobedience the most effective form of protest? 
• Should we ban football? 
• Should Black Friday sales start on Thanksgiving Day?
• What better determines success: skill or will?
• Should you feel guilty for killing zombies during the zombie apocalypse? 
• Should you choose pizza toppings based on taste or nutrition? 
• Are hot dogs sandwiches?

Where to Get Feedback on Your Debate Arguments 

A vital part of debate preparation is to test your arguments to ensure they specifically address the topic and collectively form a cohesive point. Make sure you consider both sides of the argument to better be prepared for a rebuttal.

Before stepping up to argue your side of the issue, test your argument on CollegeVine’s free peer review essay tool to get feedback for free from a peer!

As you get ready for college, it is important to understand how your extracurriculars, like debate, factor into your chances of acceptance. Check out our free chancing calculator to find the best-fit school for you.

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100 Good Debate Topics for Middle and High School Students

Reviewed by:

Former Admissions Committee Member, Columbia University

Reviewed: 4/24/24

Debating can greatly impact your ability to develop critical thinking skills, communicate your ideas clearly, and conduct thorough research to support your opinions. Keep reading for a list of popular debate topics for students of all ages. 

When you're in a debate, you learn how to make strong arguments, really listen to what others are saying, and quickly respond. It's like mental gymnastics, making you sharper and quicker-witted. 

We've put together a huge list of 100 debate topics that are perfect for middle and high school students like you. These topics cover all sorts of areas, so there's something for everyone. Plus, we've thrown in some tips to help you get even better at debating and answered some common questions about how debating works in schools.

Debating is not just about winning arguments; it's about understanding all sides of an issue. This skill is super useful, not just in school but in life. Whether you're discussing something with friends or figuring out your own beliefs, being able to debate helps a ton. 

And remember, a good debater can argue any side of an issue because they understand the importance of seeing the full picture. So, dive into these debate topics for students and see which ones get you fired up to start debating. Who knows? You might discover a passion for something new or find out you're really good at making your point.

Popular Debate Topics in School

These middle school and high school debate topics will help students foster a deeper understanding of complex issues, hone their critical thinking skills, and cultivate respectful dialogue.

Debate Topics About Society and Governance

Explore pressing issues and engage in thoughtful discussions with these curated debate topics focused on societal trends and governance challenges.

Debate Topics for High School About Politics

• Is democracy the best form of government? 
• Should voting be mandatory? 
• Can protests create change? 
• Should the Electoral College stay? 
• Is nationalism beneficial? 
• Should Political Campaign Funding Be Publicly Financed? 
• Is Political Polarization Threatening Democracy? 

Debate Topics for High School About Government

• Big vs. small government? 
• Should the government regulate the Internet?
• Can censorship ever be justified?
• Government funding for space exploration? 
• Is universal healthcare a government responsibility? 
• Should electoral systems be reformed to enhance democratic processes?

Debate Topics for High School About Business

• Corporate Social Responsibility: Necessary? 
• Minimum Wage: Essential or Excessive?
• Businesses as Social Problem Solvers?
• The Gig Economy: Exploitative or Empowering? 
• Profit vs. Ethics: Where Should Companies Stand? 
• Should Companies Embrace Remote Work Permanently? 
• Is Universal Basic Income a Viable Solution to Economic Inequality? 
• Should Businesses Be Required to Disclose Their Environmental Footprint? 
• Are Subscription-Based Business Models Sustainable in the Long Run? 
• Is the Sharing Economy Beneficial for Society? 

Debate Topics About Humanities and Arts

Dive into the rich world of cultural expression and historical perspectives with these engaging debate topics for humanities and arts.

Debate Topics for High School About History

• Was the Industrial Revolution beneficial or detrimental? 
• Should historical figures be judged by modern standards?
• Is history destined to repeat itself?
• Were the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki justified? 
• How has colonialism shaped the modern world? 

Debate Topics for High School About Philosophy

• Do humans have free will? 
• Is there life after death? 
• Can morality exist without religion? 
• Is happiness the ultimate goal of life? 
• Should the truth be prioritized above all? 
• Do humans have an inherent purpose? 
• Is reality subjective?
• Are moral absolutes possible? 

Debate Topics for High School About Beauty

• Is beauty subjective or objective? 
• Has social media distorted beauty perceptions? 
• Should cosmetic surgery be banned for minors?
• Are beauty contests harmful? 
• Can beauty standards be harmful?

Debate Topics About Science and Technology

Uncover the complexities and advancements in our world through these stimulating debate topics centered on science and technology.

Debate Topics for High School About Science

• Is genetic engineering ethical? 
• Should we invest in space exploration? 
• Can science solve all problems? 
• Is climate change the greatest threat? 
• Are humans overly reliant on technology?
• Should Pluto be classified as a planet?

Debate Topics for High School About Nature

• Preserve or develop national parks? 
• Is veganism the environmental solution? 
• Balancing development and environmental protection?
• Is hunting ethical? 
• Should zoos exist? 
• Should Governments Implement Stricter Regulations to Combat Deforestation?.
• Is Urbanization Positively or Negatively Impacting Biodiversity?
• Should Plastic Straws Be Banned to Reduce Ocean Pollution? 
• Is Ecotourism an Effective Tool for Conservation? 
• Should Protected Areas Be Opened to Limited Sustainable Development? 

Debate Topics for High School About Technology

• Should there be limits to artificial intelligence development? 
• Is technology dehumanizing us? 
• Can privacy survive in the digital era? 
• Should social media face regulation? 
• Is internet access a human right? 

Debate Topics About Health and Ethics

Explore the intersection of well-being and moral principles with these thought-provoking debate topics on health and ethics.

Debate Topics for High School About Ethics

• Is capital punishment justified? 
• Should euthanasia be legalized? 
• Is animal testing ethical? 
• Do social media companies restrict free speech? 
• Should cloning be permitted? 

Debate Topics for High School About Health

• Should vaccinations be mandatory for all? 
• Is mental health sufficiently prioritized in society? 
• Should junk food be subject to taxation? 
• Is the pharmaceutical industry profit-driven?
• Can technology effectively address health challenges?

Debate Topics About Culture and Entertainment

Delve into the vibrant and ever-evolving landscape of culture and entertainment with these diverse debate topics designed to spark lively discussions.

Funny Debate Topics for High School and Middle School

• Are cats superior to dogs as pets? 
• Is pineapple an acceptable topping for pizza?
• Should superheroes serve as role models? 
• Can video games qualify as a sport? 
• Is intelligence more valuable than humor? 
• Is cereal soup? 
• Should socks be worn with sandals? 
• Is water wet? 
• Is a hot dog a sandwich? 
• Should pants be worn at the waist or ankles? 

Debate Topics for High School About Pop Culture

• Do Celebrities Have a Responsibility to Be Role Models? 
• Is Binge-Watching TV Shows Harmful?
• Should Music with Explicit Lyrics Be Banned? 
• Is Social Media Creating Unrealistic Life Expectations?
• Can Video Games Be Considered Art? 
• Do Reality TV Shows Reflect Reality? 
• Is TikTok a Positive Influence on Youth Culture? Should Fan Fiction be Considered Legitimate Literature? 
• Are Remakes and Reboots Ruining Classic Films and TV Shows? 
• Is Cancel Culture Justified?

Debate Topics About High School About Education

Engage with critical educational issues and ideas through these carefully selected debate topics tailored for high school students.

• Should uniforms be mandatory in schools? 
• Is homework beneficial or harmful? 
• Should school start times be later? 
• Can online learning replace traditional classrooms?
• Should schools ban junk food? Is a college education worth the cost? 
• Should vocational training be favored over traditional college education?
• Are standardized tests effective in measuring student ability? 
• Should schools incorporate life skills into their curriculum?
• Is homeschooling a preferable alternative to traditional schooling? 

Tips on How to Improve Your Debating Skills

Debating enhances critical thinking, communication, and persuasion, with key improvement strategies including active listening for effective counterarguments and confident, clear presentation of your points. The following are core strategies for strengthening your debating skills:

Research Thoroughly

Before engaging in a debate, thoroughly research the topic at hand. Familiarize yourself with both sides of the argument, gather relevant facts, statistics, and evidence to support your points, and anticipate counterarguments.

Practice Active Listening

Effective debating requires not only presenting your own arguments persuasively but also actively listening to your opponent's points. Pay close attention to what they're saying, identify their key arguments, and be prepared to respond thoughtfully.

Develop Strong Arguments

Construct clear, concise, and logical arguments to support your position. Use evidence, examples, and reasoning to strengthen your points and make them more persuasive. Avoid relying solely on emotional appeals or unsupported assertions.

Refute Counterarguments

Anticipate potential counterarguments from your opponent and prepare responses to refute them. Address opposing viewpoints directly, acknowledge valid points, and offer compelling rebuttals supported by evidence.

Maintain Civility and Respect

Debating is a constructive exchange of ideas, so it's essential to maintain civility and respect towards your opponent. Avoid personal attacks, derogatory language, or disrespectful behavior, and focus on the substance of the arguments.

Improve Your Public Speaking Skills

Effective communication is key to successful debating. Work on improving your public speaking skills, including voice modulation, articulation, and body language, to convey your arguments confidently and persuasively.

Practice Debating Regularly

Like any skill, debating improves with practice. Take advantage of opportunities to participate in debates, whether in school, community, or online forums. Practice debating different topics, engage with diverse viewpoints, and seek feedback to identify areas for improvement.

Stay Informed

Stay updated on current events, social issues, and developments in areas of interest. Being well-informed allows you to engage in debates on a wide range of topics and contribute more effectively to discussions.

Embrace Constructive Feedback

Be open to receiving feedback from peers, coaches, or judges on your debating performance. Use feedback as an opportunity to learn and grow, identifying strengths to build on and areas for improvement.

Reflect and Learn

After each debate, take time to reflect on your performance. Consider what went well, what could have been done differently, and how you can continue to refine your debating skills. Learning from each experience will help you become a more effective debater over time.

By implementing these tips and strategies, you can strengthen your debating skills and become a more confident and persuasive communicator. Whether you're debating in a formal setting or engaging in discussions in everyday life, honing your debating skills will serve you well in effectively expressing your viewpoints and influencing others.

The following are some frequently asked questions about debate topics for students.

1. What Are Some Engaging Debate Topics Suitable for High School Students?

Engaging debate topics can cover a wide range of issues for high school students, from politics and ethics to technology and pop culture. Some examples include discussions on the importance of environmental conservation, the impact of social media on society, the ethics of genetic engineering, and the role of government in regulating technology.

2. What Are the Good Debate Topics for Middle School?

Middle school students can enjoy debating topics that are relevant to their age group and interests. Examples of good debate topics for middle school include discussions on school uniform policies, the benefits and drawbacks of social media use among teenagers, the importance of recycling and environmental conservation, and the impact of video games on young minds.

3. What Are Some Examples of Current Events That Can Be Debated in High School Settings?

Current events provide a rich source of debate topics for high school students. Some examples include discussions on climate change and environmental policy, gun control and school safety measures, immigration reform and refugee policies, the role of social media in politics, and healthcare access and affordability.

4. Can You Provide Some Guidance on Selecting Age-Appropriate Debate Topics for High School?

When selecting debate topics for high school students, it's important to consider their maturity level, interests, and knowledge base. Topics should be relevant to their lives and experiences but also challenging enough to stimulate critical thinking and discussion. 

It’s best to avoid overly controversial topics for students. Instead, choose intellectually stimulating questions that are age-appropriate in terms of complexity and sensitivity. Be sure to consider debaters’ maturity level, interests, and knowledge base to foster engaging and respectful discussions.

Final Thoughts

Debate is like a superpower for your brain, letting you boost your critical thinking and make your communication skills seriously sharp. When you explore debate topics for students, especially those focusing on crucial societal issues, you're given the chance to throw your ideas into the ring, defend them, and maybe even change your mind along the way.

Teachers are always on the lookout for the best debate topics that fit just right for high schoolers, making sure everyone's pumped to get involved and see things from different angles. This isn't just about winning an argument; it's about getting curious, understanding where others are coming from, and learning a ton in the process.

So, whether you're stepping up to the debate stage in high school or middle school, jumping into these discussions is a game-changer. It's all about growing your skills, thinking on your feet, and getting ready to tackle the big, wild world out there with confidence.

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Education Debate by Issue

Education debates: a breakdown.

Rapid changes in the global economy and within education are sparking fierce battles over the future of public schools in statehouses and cities across the country. In this interactive, explore the ideas that have sparked those battles and the key players who are influencing the debate. Read the related story .

• Evaluations
• THE KEY PLAYERS

Charters and Choice

As some groups lobby for expanding charter schools and enacting "parent-trigger" laws, others say the emphasis should be on improving existing public schools.

Taking the Public's Pulse on the Issue

Common-core standards/testing.

As the common core moves into the classroom and common tests draw closer, people are debating whether local communities are losing too much control over their schools.

School Turnarounds/Closings

Citing low performance and enrollment declines, districts are closing or dramatically remaking schools, but many parents and educators argue that what the schools really need is more resources.

Teacher Evaluations

A heated debate is ongoing about how much, if any, of a teacher's evaluation should be based on student test scores.

Schools are exploring digital education and adopting other technology, raising fears that teachers may be replaced and that companies might hold too much sway.

Key Players

Some influential people and organizations that represent a myriad of issues across the political spectrum are shaping the education policy debate across the country. Among them:

Key Players by Issues:

Key players list:, american federation of teachers/national education association.

Some local affiliates of these powerful national unions are especially active in fighting school closings and putting too much emphasis on test scores in teacher evaluations.

American Legislative Exchange Council

This free-market, limited-government legislative policy group has worked to bring vouchers and parent-trigger laws to states, while working to make sure the common core doesn't lead to a federally mandated curriculum.

David Coleman

Linda Darling-Hammond

Democrats for Education Reform

Especially active in New York state, the political action committee started to fight the clout of teachers' unions within the Democratic Party and works to expand charter schools and redesign teacher evaluations.

Arne Duncan

Jonah Edelman

Co-Founder and CEO, Stand for Children: Sometimes a lightning rod for union criticism, his organization has used its state affiliates to push to tie teacher evaluations to test scores and to increase funding for schools.

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

The Seattle-based foundation has funneled tens of millions of dollars into education redesign efforts, with a particular focus on improving teacher quality.

Parents Across America

The national group, co-founded by New York City parent activist Leonie Haimson, fights against parent-trigger laws, mass school closings, and high-stakes testing.

The giant publishing and testing company, which is criticized for its influence over education, will be key in developing materials for the common standards.

Diane Ravitch

Michelle A. Rhee

Joshua Starr

Superintendent of Schools, Montgomery County, Md.: He is skeptical of current prescriptions for improving education and has called for a three-year moratorium on testing while the common core is implemented.

Sandra Stotsky

Professor Emerita of Education, University of Arkansas at Fayetteville: The co-author of Massachusetts' highly regarded standards, she is now a frequent and vocal critic of the common core in state capitols.

Walton Family Foundation

A major education philanthropy, the Bentonville, Ark.-based foundation is a big investor in charter schools and other school choice initiatives such as parent-trigger laws.

Sources: Phi Delta Kappa-Gallup Poll (2012); the MetLife Survey of the American Teacher (2012); Scholastic, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Primary Sources study (2012); Leading Education by Advancing Digital Commission Poll (2012)

Reporting: Michele McNeil | Research: Kathryn Dorko and Holly Peele | Visualization & Design: Chienyi Cheri Hung, Laura Baker and Doris Nhan

Both the Gates and Walton foundations help underwrite reporting by Education Week . Education Week retains sole editorial control over the content of that coverage.

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125 Winning Debate Topics for Middle School Students

Teach students to make effective arguments.

When students learn to debate, they gain valuable life skills. Debates teach kids to research their topic, make informed choices, and argue effectively using facts instead of emotion. This list of middle school debate topics encompasses both serious and lighthearted ideas for kids ages 10 to 14. Each topic includes a link to an article from a reliable source that provides pros and/or cons to help kids make their arguments.

School and Education Debate Topics

Technology and entertainment debate topics, life and ethics debate topics, fun and funny debate topics.

• Controversial Debate Topics
• It’s better to be good at academics than to be good at sports.
• Homework should be banned.
• Schools should require all students to wear uniforms.
• We should punish students for using curse words.
• Year-round school is better for students.

• Schools should require physical education (gym class) through 12th grade.
• All students should be required to volunteer in their community.
• Junk food should be banned in schools.
• All middle school students should learn a foreign language.
• Single-gender schools are better for students.
• Math is the most important school subject.
• Letter grades should be abolished.
• Teachers should be replaced by computers.
• Students should be graded on their handwriting.
• Kids who get better grades in school will be more successful in life.
• Sometimes it’s OK to cheat on homework or a test.
• Students who fail a test should be given the chance to take it again.
• Students should be allowed to grade teachers.
• Kids should be able to bring their pets to school.
• Schools should give middle school students more recess time.

• The school day should be shorter.
• Schools should eliminate dress codes.
• College should be free for everyone who wants to attend.
• Schools should be allowed to ban some books from their libraries.
• Book smarts are better than street smarts.
• All people should have free internet access.
• Playing violent video games makes people more likely to be violent in real life.
• Reality television depicts real life.
• The minimum age to own a smartphone should be 16.

• Students should be allowed to use phones in class.
• Macs are better than PCs.
• Androids are better than iPhones.
• Kids under 13 should be allowed to use social media sites like TikTok, Instagram, and Snapchat.
• Students should not be allowed to watch TV on school nights.
• Social media does more harm than good.
• Video games are better than board games.
• Reading books is better than watching TV.
• All paper documents should be replaced with electronic versions.
• Books are always better than the movies that are made from them.
• Parents should use their kids’ cell phones to track where they are.
• Playing video games makes you smarter.

• Scientists should try to develop a way for everyone to live forever.
• Paper books are better than e-books.
• Schools should have surveillance cameras in classrooms and hallways.
• Movie ratings (G, PG, PG-13, and R) should be done away with.
• Professional athletes and celebrities deserve to make more money than the average person.
• People have a responsibility to help one another out.
• No one should ever tell a lie.
• Girls face more peer pressure than boys.
• We should lower the voting age to 12.
• Every member of a family should have daily chores.
• All museums and zoos should be free to everyone.
• All people should be vegetarians.

• Democracy is the best form of government.
• All Americans should be required to vote.
• Cigarette smoking and vaping should be banned entirely.
• Parents should be allowed to read their children’s private diaries.
• Giving is better than receiving.
• Receiving a regular allowance is good for kids.
• Parents should be punished for their children’s mistakes.
• Real Christmas trees are better than artificial ones.
• We should not keep animals in zoos.
• All kids should play on the same sports teams, regardless of gender.
• It is better to save some of your allowance than to spend it all.
• Kids should be allowed to stay up as late as they want.
• Happiness is more important than success.
• The driving age should be lowered to 14.

• We should completely ban plastic bottles.
• Parents should have to take a parenting class before having a child.
• If you find money on the ground, it’s automatically yours to keep.
• It is better to be kind than to be truthful.
• All kids should have a playground or park within walking distance of their home.
• Kids should be allowed to have credit cards.
• It’s important to spend money exploring space.
• All families should have a pet.
• Dogs are better pets than cats.
• Summer is better than winter.
• Pepperoni is the best pizza topping.
• Teachers shouldn’t give rewards and prizes in the classroom.
• Clowns are more scary than funny.
• Every home should have a robot.
• There is intelligent life on other planets.

• The egg came before the chicken.
• Pop music is better than classical music.
• Xbox is better than PlayStation.
• Peanut butter is better than Nutella.
• Football is better than soccer.
• Everyone should make their bed every day.
• It would be better to be able to fly than to be able to turn invisible.
• Harry Potter is better than The Lord of the Rings .
• Pluto should still be considered a planet.
• Santa Claus’ elves should be paid minimum wage.
• Hot chocolate is better than a chocolate milkshake.
• Fruit counts as dessert.
• People should be allowed to go barefoot anywhere if they want to.
• Fiction is better than nonfiction.

• Everyone should learn to play a musical instrument.
• Werewolves are more dangerous than vampires.
• Kids shouldn’t have to go to school on their birthdays.

Controversial Middle School Debate Topics

These middle school debate topics are pretty contentious and might not be appropriate for all students or every classroom. But if your middle schoolers are ready to take on more serious debates, try these important questions.

• We should abolish the death penalty.
• Stricter gun control laws help stop mass shootings.
• It’s necessary to continue building a wall between the United States and Mexico.
• Segregation still exist in the United States.
• Religion does more harm than good.
• We will never achieve world peace.
• We shouldn’t allow young children to play contact sports like football.

• Parents shouldn’t be allowed to pierce a baby’s ears.
• Beauty pageants are sexist.
• Kids shouldn’t get participation trophies for sports.
• It’s possible to be an ethical hunter.
• Some stereotypes are accurate.
• People have a responsibility to step in when they see a crime in action.
• War is sometimes necessary.
• There are times when we must limit freedom of speech.
• Security is more important than freedom.
• We should do away with gender-specific public bathrooms.
• Anyone over age 12 should be tried as an adult in court.
• Electric vehicles are better than gas-powered ones.

• Our society has a harmful “diet culture.”
• All countries should have to give up their nuclear weapons.
• We should ban testing on animals.
• We should ban the use of fossil fuels.
• Human cloning should be legal.
• Vaccines should be mandatory.

What are your favorite middle school debate topics? Come share in the We Are Teachers HELPLINE group on Facebook .

Plus, check out 75 funny debate topics for kids of all ages ..

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Sat / act prep online guides and tips, 55 great debate topics for any project.

General Education

A debate is a formal discussion about a topic where two sides present opposing viewpoints. Debates follow a specific structure: each side is given time to speak either for or against the topic at hand.

Many students study debate in high school to improve their speaking skills. As a debater, you learn how to clearly structure and present an argument. The skills you develop as a debater will help you on everything from a college admissions interview to a job presentation.

Selecting debate topics is one of the most important parts of debating. In this article, we’ll explain how to select a good debate topic and give suggestions for debate topics you can use.

How to Select Good Debate Topics

A good debate topic is one that lets the participants and the audience learn about both sides of an issue. Consider the following factors when selecting a debate topic:

Interest: Are you interested in the topic? Would the topic be interesting to your fellow classmates, as well as to the audience listening to the debate? Selecting a topic that you’re interested in makes the preparation part of the debate more exciting , as well as the debate more lively.

Argument Potential: You want to choose a debate topic that has solid argument potential. If one side is clearly right, or if there isn’t a lot of available information, you’ll have a hard time crafting a solid debate.

Availability of Data: Data points make an argument more robust. You’ll want to select a topic with lots of empirical data that you can pull from to bolster your argument.

Now that we know how to select a debate topic, let’s look at a list of good debate topics.

Debate Topics Master List

If you’re searching for your next debate topic, here are some suggestions.

Social and Political Issues Debate Topics

• All people should have the right to own guns.
• The death penalty should be abolished.
• Human cloning should be legalized.
• All drugs should be legalized.
• Animal testing should be banned.
• Juveniles should be tried and treated as adults.
• Climate change is the greatest threat facing humanity today.
• Violent video games should be banned.
• The minimum wage should be $15 per hour.
• All people should have Universal Basic Income.
• Sex work should be legal.
• Countries should be isolationist.
• Abortion should be banned.
• Every citizen should be mandated to perform national public service.
• Bottled water should be banned.
• Plastic bags should be banned.

Education Debate Topics

• Homework should be banned.
• Public prayer should not be allowed in schools.
• Schools should block sites like YouTube, Facebook, and Instagram on their computers.
• School uniforms should be required.
• Standardized testing should be abolished.
• All students should have an after-school job or internship.
• School should be in session year-round.
• All high school athletes should be drug tested.
• Detention should be abolished.
• All student loan debt should be eliminated.
• Homeschooling is better than traditional schooling.
• All schools should have armed security guards.
• Religion should be taught in schools.
• All schools should be private schools.
• All students should go to boarding schools.
• Sexual education should be mandatory in schools.
• Public college should be tuition free.
• All teachers should get tenure.
• All school districts should offer school vouchers.

Health Debate Topics

• Healthcare should be universal.
• Cosmetic procedures should be covered by health insurance.
• All people should be vegetarians.
• Euthanasia should be banned.
• The drinking age should be 18.
• Vaping should be banned.
• Smoking should be banned in all public places.
• People should be legally required to get vaccines.
• Obesity should be labeled a disease.
• Sexual orientation is determined at birth.
• The sale of human organs should be legalized.
• Birth control should be for sale over the counter.

Technology Debate Topics

• Social media has improved human communication.
• The development of artificial intelligence will help humanity.
• Individuals should own their own DNA.
• Humans should invest in technology to explore and colonize other planets.
• Governments should invest in alternative energy sources.
• Net neutrality should be restored.
• Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies should be encouraged or banned.
• Alternative energy can effectively replace fossil fuels.
• Cell phone radiation is dangerous and should be limited.

How to Prepare for a Debate

Once you’ve selected your debate topic, the next step is to prepare for your debate. Follow these steps as you get ready to take the podium.

Read Your Evidence

The most important step to building your debate confidence is to familiarize yourself with the evidence available. You’ll want to select reputable sources and use empirical data effectively.

The more well read on your topic you are, the better you’ll be able to defend your position and anticipate the other side’s arguments.

Anticipate the Other Side’s Arguments

As part of your debate, you’ll need to rebut the other side’s arguments. It’s important to prepare ahead of time to guess what they’ll be talking about. You’ll bolster your own side’s argument if you’re able to effectively dismantle what the other side is saying.

Plan to Fill Your Speech Time

Each speaker at a debate is limited to a certain amount of time. You should plan to use every second of the time that you’re allotted. Make sure you practice your talking points so that you know you’re within the time frame. If you’re short, add in more evidence.

Practice to Build Confidence

It can be scary to take the stage for a debate! Practicing ahead of time will help you build confidence. Remember to speak slowly and clearly. Even if your argument is great, it won’t matter if no one can understand it.

Final Thoughts

Debate is a great way to hone your public speaking skills and get practice crafting and defending an argument. Use these debate topics if you're searching for a focus for your next debate.

What's Next?

Looking for ways to keep the debate going in non-academic life? Then you'll love our list of 101 "this or that" questions to argue over with your friends.

Thinking about how you can use your argumentative skills in a future career? Read up on the five steps to becoming a lawyer to see if that's a path you want to pursue.

Getting ready to take an AP test? Here’s a list of practice tests for every AP exam, including the AP literature exam .

It can be hard to schedule time to study for an AP test on top of your extracurriculars and normal classwork. Check out this article on when you need to start studying for your AP tests to make sure you’re staying on track.

Hayley Milliman is a former teacher turned writer who blogs about education, history, and technology. When she was a teacher, Hayley's students regularly scored in the 99th percentile thanks to her passion for making topics digestible and accessible. In addition to her work for PrepScholar, Hayley is the author of Museum Hack's Guide to History's Fiercest Females.

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Jane Coaston

Getting Back to Basics on Free Speech

By Jane Coaston

Ms. Coaston is a contributing writer to Opinion.

At colleges and universities across the country, from Cal Poly, Humboldt, to Columbia, students have been protesting the war in Gaza. Some of those protesters have demanded that their universities divest from companies that may directly or indirectly support Israeli military operations; others have called for a cease-fire, while others have far wider demands.

The protests have generated another round of discussion (and endless takes on the internet) about free speech on college campuses. Which forms of speech are permissible (and legal)? What about universities that purportedly champion free speech suddenly deciding that maybe there’s such a thing as too much freedom of speech? And, personally, I want to know why we pay so much attention to Ivy League schools most of us didn’t go to.

I spoke with Greg Lukianoff, the president and C.E.O. of the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression (FIRE), a nonpartisan group that champions and defends free speech. His most recent book , written with Rikki Schlott, is “The Canceling of the American Mind: Cancel Culture Undermines Trust and Threatens Us All — But There Is a Solution.” We discussed what free speech is and isn’t, what conservatives are getting wrong about college campuses and how Oct. 7 changed how he views free speech.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity and is part of an Opinion Q. and A. series exploring modern conservatism today, its influence in society and politics and how and why it differs (and doesn’t) from the conservative movement that most Americans thought they knew. And, for disclosure, I spoke to FIRE’s Student Network Conference in 2021.

Jane Coaston: What do college campuses mean to you?

Greg Lukianoff: Done right, their single most important contribution is edging toward truth not by getting there directly but by chipping away at falsity. Professors getting in trouble for their opinions is much more dangerous than people understand. Because when people see that, it rightfully undermines their belief that experts are actually being objective. Even if there’s just social pressure to come to certain conclusions, that’s bad enough for the search for truth. Nearly one-third of professors report that administrators are telling them to steer clear of controversial research.

[ Mr. Lukianoff was citing FIRE’s own research .]

Coaston: Why do you think we fixate on very specific types of college campuses? Your book features lengthy discussions of both Harvard and Yale. Most people don’t go to the Ivies; most people don’t go to college, period. What is the impact of activities at Ivy League campuses on people who went to Auburn or Michigan, or Eastern Michigan or Northern Michigan?

Lukianoff: Yeah, I would love it if Harvard and Yale and Princeton and Stanford didn’t matter as much to the country as they do, but they do, unfortunately. When you look at the fact that nearly every single member of our Supreme Court at one point attended either Harvard or Yale, it’s pretty galling. When you look at a lot of the leadership of both parties, a lot of them are Yale and Harvard people.

If our society didn’t so handsomely reward the small number of schools and if those schools were not the gateway to things like Goldman Sachs and in some cases to the White House, then we’d be a healthier country. But we’re kidding ourselves if we pretend as currently structured that we don’t wildly overfavor people who attended the sample of schools.

Coaston: Why do you think that student protests that limit the speech of others get more attention than universities that limit speech? Which concerns you more?

Lukianoff: They both concern me. Last year was the worst year for deplatforming that we’ve seen, and we include in that shout-downs and physically blocking people from getting through a speech, chasing someone off campus like they did actually at Berkeley this year. Those are deplatformings. This year is set to blow that out of the water. What universities need to own is that if they have students who think it’s not just OK but it’s actually profoundly moral to chase off speakers they don’t like, rather than protest outside or ask tough questions, for example, that they’ve done a real disservice to those students. They failed to explain what higher education is supposed to be.

[ Mr. Lukianoff’s organization considers efforts, for example, to get speakers disinvited from campus or cancel screenings of films as deplatforming. ]

To be fair, some administrators are very good on free speech and academic freedom, but a lot of the administrators we battle in some cases are ideologues, and they believe that this speech needs to be shut down because it’s somehow toxic or whatever. In other cases, they’re doing what Dean Wormer would’ve done, which is simply shutting down speech because they don’t like it or because it’s inconvenient or because they want peace and quiet on their watch.

[ Dean Wormer is the administrator in the film “National Lampoon’s Animal House.” ]

Coaston: How did Oct. 7 and Israel’s war in Gaza and the activism that followed changed people’s views on the First Amendment and how people think about it?

Lukianoff: Last fall was a time where — I don’t want to say just conservatives, because I think there were a lot of people from different points in the spectrum who were kind of horrified in some cases, for example, by the students who I believe, actually, on Oct. 7, or at least on Oct. 8, were holding Israel entirely responsible for these attacks. That was something that people who would think of themselves even on the left found pretty galling, but it did lead to a lot of cancel culture. It did lead to a lot of attempts to get people out of jobs. And it led to people who normally were very critical of cancel culture in some cases, to sort of make an exception for people who were very pro-Palestine.

Cancel culture comes from both the right and the left. For some people, post-Oct. 7 made them fans of cancel culture when it worked to their advantage. It was a sort of clarifying moment for the people who support free speech even in the situations where in some cases you might consider the speech highly unsympathetic.

Coaston: How should we be thinking about offensive speech? In your book, you discussed the difference between free-speech laws and free-speech culture, and that ties into the idea of hate speech or offensive speech because you can say that there’s no rule against hate speech in the Constitution, but if you are a college administrator, someone screaming, “Kill all the Jews,” it’s probably something that you are going to want to curtail, even though it is technically legal. So how do you think about the difference between what is legal and what should be culturally permissible?

Lukianoff: That there’s a value to know what people really think not even if it’s horrifying or ugly or gross but especially if it is. One way of looking at it is: When there’s an environment where people are not being authentic because they’re afraid of being offensive, it can actually sometimes give greater suspicion among people.

But there’s value to knowing what people really think even when it’s wrong. I always give the example of: Lizard people who live under the Denver airport do not actually, in fact, control the world, but knowing that your girlfriend or your uncle or someone in your family or your teacher, for that matter, believes that they do is really important information to know.

An awful lot of the value of information is not knowing the objective nature of reality but rather knowing what people really think. When it comes to things like “Zionists must die,” depending on the circumstances, that absolutely can be potentially a threat, that can be intimidation, and if it’s part of a pattern of behavior, it can potentially be discriminatory harassment on campus. But when figuring out whether or not speech is or is not protected, context really does matter.

Coaston: What do you think conservatives get wrong about campuses right now?

Lukianoff: Conservatives focus a lot on the professoriate. Even though we are happy to defend their student chapters when they get in trouble for their speech, I take great issue with Charlie Kirk and Turning Point USA and their professor watch list, which is something that I very much object to, particularly when they add, “Here is how you can contact this administration.” We count that as a cancellation attempt.

Now, Turning Point USA thankfully has not actually been successful in getting professors canceled, but they certainly do report that they got a lot of hate mail and nasty calls.

Coaston: What do you think conservatives get right about campuses right now?

Lukianoff: I came to FIRE in 2001, somewhat hard to convince that the problem of viewpoint diversity was all that big of a deal. Like, “So what? Professors lean somewhat more to the left.” I thought the numbers were something like two to one or maybe even three to one in terms of left-leaning professors versus conservative. As I started to learn more about the actual data, I got a lot more concerned about it because when you have an environment that doesn’t have people who really fundamentally disagree with each other and you have an environment that practically excludes from certain departments people who represent maybe half of the voting population of the United States, you shouldn’t be surprised that group polarization effects take over.

If you were to take your 12 best friends and then go off, split them in half according to politics and then go off with your six most right- or left-leaning to talk about hot-button issues, you’re probably going to come back more radicalized in the direction of the group. That’s what group polarization means. I think that I underestimated how much the lack of viewpoint diversity creates an environment that tends to go further and further to the left. I don’t know a really easy way to fix that problem. One solution — and it’s something that Dartmouth has talked about — is to have a lot more classes that are co-taught by people who actually disagree with each other. People have mentioned the model of Robert P. George and Cornel West at Princeton.

But if you have an environment with too low of viewpoint diversity, it becomes a lot easier to think in terms of there’s an us — the clever, moral, smart people — and then there’s the they, the stupid and evil. That is a problem that I underappreciated earlier in my career, and I now take a lot more seriously.

Coaston: In the book you write about the perils of common-good conservatism. What worried you about that movement on the right?

Lukianoff: Where to begin with that? In a lot of ways, it seems to be an idea based on a kind of universal understanding of morality — which right there, that kind of scares me because I’ve been an atheist since seventh grade and I’ve always sort of balked at the idea of there being any idea of universal morality. That’s one of the things that we First Amendment people always love. We love the weirdos. We love the odd ones. We love the people who are out of step and don’t fit in within their same neighborhood or group. It sounds very much like a formula for authoritarianism.

Coaston: You’ve been doing this for a while. I want to ask you how you think a few major events or inventions have changed First Amendment concerns and how people perceive the First Amendment. How do you think the Trump presidency changed First Amendment concerns and how people perceive the First Amendment?

Lukianoff: Well, Trump sped up a lot of pre-existing trends, just like social media did, that essentially a lot of the concerns on the left about the right went into overdrive. Trump has a tendency to not really care about bringing people together. He’s perfectly fine having enemies that he targets. It led to a sort of even nastier form of the already fairly nasty politics that we’ve had, and 2017 through 2021 through the end of the Trump presidency was a pretty crazy time. And I think that, partially because there are some on the right who aren’t consistent about free speech and wrap themselves in the idea of being free-speech defenders, it makes it very easy for people who want to be cynical about those of us who do it for a living to sort of throw us in with people like that.

Coaston: How did the events of Jan. 6 change First Amendment concerns and how people think about it?

Lukianoff: I would say the biggest debate over Jan. 6 was whether or not it constituted Brandenburg incitement . That may sound kind of unsexy, but it matters because Brandenburg was kind of the resolution of cases that came out of World War I that originally fell upon the idea that speech can be stopped only if it’s a clear and present danger. Brandenburg got you to a stage where it has to be imminent lawless action that is also likely to happen, that you help happen — essentially standing in front of the mayor’s office saying, “Let’s go burn down the mayor’s office,” when a lot of people have torches in their hands, that would be incitement.

When it comes to what happened on Jan. 6 in First Amendment circles, there’s a lot of disagreement about whether that’s actually counted as incitement. I definitely understand people like my friend David French, who make the argument that if this doesn’t count as incitement, then maybe our definition of incitement is wrong. I have some sympathy for that point of view, even though I am with the majority of First Amendment people who still think the Brandenburg standard is overall the right standard.

[ Mr. French said that he still agrees the Brandenburg standard is the right one but believes that Mr. Trump’s actions meet that standard .]

Coaston: And then this past year, we talked a bit about this already, but you had a book about free speech come out 10 days after Oct. 7. How did the aftermath of Oct. 7 change how people view the First Amendment? Did it change your views?

Lukianoff: I think it was a reminder to get back to basics and explain more. Because most people, when they hear certain lines, they’re like, “So you’re telling me that sincerely trying to kill an entire group of people is protected?” Usually when people say that, they add “sincerely and seriously,” then you have to take a step back and explain, “Listen, the two things at issue here more than anything else are ‘From the river to the sea, Palestine should be free,’ and ‘intifada.’” Once you get people back there, you can be like, “And don’t you think those phrases by themselves are protected?” And generally you can get people, if they’re being reasonable to any degree, to go, “Well, yeah. Well, those are protected.” Now, if you’re saying that in certain contexts, again, it can be intimidation, it can be threats, it can potentially be discriminatory harassment, but there’s got to be more than just the phrases themselves.

So it was a good reminder sometimes to get back to some of the first principles of it and to remind people of simple ideas like what we call the bedrock principles. In our society, under the First Amendment, one of our bedrock principles, according to Texas v. Johnson, a 1989 case, is that you can’t ban speech simply because it’s offensive. That is a wonderful, sensible rule for a genuinely multicultural and diverse society, because people in different economic classes, people from different regions, people from different groups, people from different states, people from different countries, all have very different ideas of what is offensive. You would necessarily have to privilege what is deemed offensive by some group or some person or some group of people or some individuals of what is offensive. And that cuts against the kind of pluralism that you’re trying to protect.

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips . And here’s our email: [email protected] .

Follow the New York Times Opinion section on Facebook , Instagram , TikTok , WhatsApp , X and Threads .

Jane Coaston was the host of Opinion’s podcast “ The Argument .” Previously, she reported on conservative politics, the G.O.P. and the rise of the right. She also co-hosted the podcast “The Weeds.” @ janecoaston

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Jefferson Morley: The CIA AND ZIONISM

By Douglas Caddy May 3 in JFK Assassination Debate

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Douglas caddy.

On 5/8/2024 at 9:04 AM, David McLean said: Having - finally, belatedly - read Jeff Morley’s CIA and Zionism, it seems clear that US foreign policy is and has been since JFK  hostage to whoever is on power in Israel. Even NATO’s nuclear capability is under firm US control. Not so, apparently, with Israel’s nuclear arms, as Netanyahu seemed to signal in his latest Halocaust address. And as the world is discovering to its horror, the claims of Zionism seem to have grown beyond comprehension, unconditional surrender of any and all defenders of Palestinian rights, dignity, and very existence.             

Thanks for posting this. I am in complete agreement.

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South Carolina lawmakers rekindle bill limiting how topics like race are taught

South Carolina Rep. Shannon Erickson R-Beaufort, left, and Sen. Greg Hembree, R-Little River, right, look over a bill that would limit the way certain topics could be taught in public schools during a conference committee meeting on Tuesday, May 7, 2024, in Columbia, S.C. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Collins)

From left to right, South Carolina Rep. Terry Alexander, D-Florence, Sen. Greg Hembree, R-Little River, Sen Darrell Jackson, D-Hopkins, and Rep. Shannon Erickson R-Beaufort, talk during a conference committee meeting on a bill that would limit the way certain topics could be taught in public schools on Tuesday, May 7, 2024, in Columbia, S.C. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Collins)

South Carolina Rep. Adam Morgan, R-Taylors, waits to speak on a bill that would limit the way certain topics could be taught in public schools during a conference committee meeting on Tuesday, May 7, 2024, in Columbia, South Carolina. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Collins)

South Carolina Sen. Darrell Jackson, D-Hopkins, left, and Senate Majority Leader Shane Massey, R-Edgefield, right, talk during a conference committee meeting on a bill that would limit the way certain topics could be taught in public schools on Tuesday, May 7, 2024, in Columbia, S.C. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Collins)

South Carolina Rep. Shannon Erickson R-Beaufort, left, and Sen. Greg Hembree, R-Little River, right, talk during a conference committee meeting on a bill that would limit the way certain topics could be taught in public schools on Tuesday, May 7, 2024, in Columbia, S.C. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Collins)

South Carolina Rep. Terry Alexander, D-Florence, speaks on a bill that would limit the way certain topics could be taught in public schools during a conference committee meeting on Tuesday, May 7, 2024, in Columbia, South Carolina. (AP Photo/Jeffrey Collins)

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COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) — A small group of lawmakers in South Carolina rekindled debate Tuesday on a bill that would limit how topics like race can be taught in public school K-12 classrooms.

Both the House and Senate passed bills on the topic in 2023. But the different versions sat dormant until a conference committee met to try to work out the differences.

The three House members and three senators adjourned after an hour after making it just four pages into a 16-page handout on the differences between the proposals. There is a deadline. The regular session ends Thursday, although since a version of the bill passed both chambers it could survive into special sessions in June.

The conference committee Tuesday didn’t even get to the biggest differences between the chambers.

The Senate removed a provision requiring teachers to post any changes to their plans on what they will teach and classroom materials three days before the lessons and removed another provision allowing parents to sue any district in the state they think is teaching prohibited concepts even while they follow the school district’s appeal process.

The bill mostly copies a section first put in the state budget three years ago that prohibits teaching that one race is superior to another or race determining someone’s moral character.

The proposal does have an appeal process for material that parents find objectionable. But the Senate version limits the right to complaints to students, parents, employees or volunteers in the school district where the objectionable items are found.

Missing from the bill is the explicit phrase “ critical race theory .” It instead prevents teaching that an individual “bears responsibility for actions committed in the past” by other members of their race, and that someone is inherently privileged or should receive “adverse or favorable treatment” because of their race.

Supporters of the bill said nothing in it prevents teaching about any ethnic group’s history or the “fact-based discussion” of historical periods and current events. For example, teachers could include lessons about slavery and Jim Crow, but within the historical facts.

Democratic Sen. Darrell Jackson questioned whose historical facts would be considered, especially for topics like what caused the Civil War and if disagreements could lead to numerous challenges.

“Can you talk about how South Carolina was led by rich white slave owners who convinced uneducated white tenant farmers to join in the war?” Jackson said. “What caused the Civil War? Was it the Lost Cause? Was it states’ rights? Was it to defend slavery?”

Supporters said the goal of the bill is to give teachers parameters and balance that against the rights of parents to know what is being taught.

A sponsor of the bill, Republican Rep. Adam Morgan, didn’t give specific examples but he said he has heard about teachers who have taught one race is superior or should bear responsibility for what was done in the past.

“If my kid is in that class, if your kid is in that class, if somebody else’s kid in is that class — suddenly it’s a big issue,” Morgan said. “It’s not happening everywhere, but it’s happening somewhere.”

Massive pro-Palestinian college protests bring rare surge in discipline

As pro-Palestinian student protests surged, universities responded with consequences not imposed en masse for decades: suspensions, expulsions and arrests.

As pro-Palestinian student protests surged in the past week, universities responded with consequences not imposed en masse for decades: suspensions, expulsions and arrests, hoping to tamp down a spiraling movement that has inflamed passions on all sides.

Experts reached back to student protests against South Africa’s apartheid regime in the 1980s and even further to the Vietnam War in the 1960s and early ’70s for comparisons. Nothing since then has come close to this sort of disciplinary crackdown.

For students and school leaders alike, the stakes are high. School leaders face intense scrutiny over their handling of a deeply political issue. Students face the prospect of losing a semester’s worth of credit and tuition money and, for some, the possibility of not graduating on time. Some students might find their financial aid jeopardized.

“Students were suspended and expelled in the ’60s and the ’80s, but more recently we’ve seen universities be much more lenient with student protesters,” said Thai Jones, a Columbia University lecturer who studies the history of radical social movements. “What we’re seeing now … represents something very different.”

College protests over Gaza war

The different response today appears driven by the complicated politics of the conflict, the fact that there are other students on the opposite side of the issue, and the pressure on universities to respond to perceived or actual antisemitism from some on the pro-Palestinian side.

Many students have responded to threats and punishments with defiance. At Fordham University in New York City, students wrote “Free Palestine” on their suspension notices, according to a journalist on the scene. At Brown University, sophomore Rafi Ash continued to participate in an encampment after an arrest late last year and after a threat of suspension more recently.

“We’re willing to make these sacrifices and take these risks because we understand the risks that students in Gaza face simply for existing,” Ash said. The charges were ultimately dropped, and so was the suspension threat, after protesters reached an agreement with Brown, though Ash may still face probation.

The discipline often involves charges that students maintained unauthorized encampments that disrupted campus life and infringed on the rights of other students. Often students are accused of failing to abide by the university’s policies governing the “time, place and manner” of gatherings or of posing a safety concern. In some cases, allegations are more serious: destruction of property or vandalism, for instance. And police involvement has soared, with more than 2,200 people arrested at pro-Palestinian protests on American college campuses in the past two weeks.

Overall, it is clear that campus leaders across the country have decided they will no longer tolerate the protests, which often consist of dozens of tents set up on a prominent green space on campus. In a few cases, colleges have negotiated agreements with students to end them, but in most places, there either were no negotiations or they broke down, and administrators are now using discipline.

“One group’s rights to express their views cannot come at the expense of another group’s right to speak, teach, and learn,” Columbia University President Minouche Shafik said in a statement last Monday announcing that negotiations with protesters had failed. The statement was issued just before Columbia notified students that they would be suspended if they did not leave their encampment.

Columbia is hardly alone. On Monday, Harvard University announced that those continuing to participate in a campus encampment would be placed on “involuntary leave” — barred from taking exams, living in Harvard housing or being on campus.

Earlier, the University of Georgia suspended close to a dozen students last week for setting up an encampment on campus, protesters told reporters. George Washington University suspended seven students for setting up tents in a grassy yard. At Tulane this month, the school announced that it was suspending seven students who helped erect a tent encampment on the edge of a campus lawn. Schools including Yale , Barnard , New York University , Columbia and UCLA have all threatened suspensions or expulsions.

Vanderbilt, meanwhile, expelled three students in early April who helped lead a 21-hour sit-in in a main campus building calling for divestment from Israel. Vanderbilt’s provost wrote in a statement that “student choices and decisions can lead to serious and costly consequences.”

Suspending or expelling students typically involves an internal process and opportunity for appeal, where evidence is presented and students have the chance to defend themselves. Those proceedings are just now beginning in most cases and could take weeks or months. They are already being criticized as overly harsh, for instance in a lawsuit against Indiana University filed by the state ACLU.

But in the meantime, students face tough choices: abandon activism that they care deeply about, or risk losing credit for an entire semester of classes already paid for.

Facing suspension, a student must choose

Katie Rueff, who is in her first year at Cornell University, received a notice on April 26 informing her that she had been temporarily suspended and could no longer attend classes, take exams or set foot onto most of campus. It was one of four issued to students that day, she said.

The notice explained that Rueff had applied for a permit for an art installation — an eight-foot-high painted wall declaring “The sun will shine in a free Palestine” — in the Arts Quad and had made various assurances in her application. For instance, the notice said, Rueff had assured the university there would be no tents and fewer than 50 attendees, and that the event would not have food or music. An encampment staged in the Arts Quad soon after violated those terms, the letter said.

“Your actions directly led to an unauthorized event, where participants have flatly refused to comply with university policies and the lawful directives of university officials specifically made to protect public health and safety,” the letter said. “The University has avenues available for everyone to make their voices heard, but this must be done in ways that respect the rights of all members of our community.” Cornell had offered protesters another, less prominent spot on campus, but they rejected it for various reasons.

In a statement to the community , Cornell President Martha E. Pollack said the encampment was displacing other events from the quad, disrupting nearby classes with noisy rallies, and diverting the attention of public safety and other staff. She said protesters refused to move after being warned that they would be punished.

Rueff said no one at the university approached her directly about the alleged violations before sending the suspension notice — what she sees as a violation of due process. She said officials should not have assumed that protest leaders would share the message. “They’re not supposed to escalate charges so quickly,” she said. She also said that just because she set up the art, that doesn’t mean she’s responsible for the encampment.

“I’m losing the second semester of my college career for this,” she said. “It does suck when it’s your second semester of college and, for practicing your rights of freedom of expression, you are losing $40,000 of tuition. It sucks, but I think it’s worth it. Our demands are very, very important. We need Cornell to stop investing in genocide.”

On Thursday, Cornell offered to allow Rueff to finish and get credit for the semester if she agreed to stay away from and not promote any campus protests that the school considers violations of the university policy, she said. She also would be barred from encouraging others to participate. She declined, saying she objected to being used as a “bargaining chip” to distract from the group’s demands.

“I believe that my suspension is bigger than just me,” she said. “I want to continue to use my voice.”

Joel M. Malina, Cornell’s vice president for university relations, confirmed in a statement that the university offered to let suspended students receive incompletes in their courses and later finish the spring term if they agreed to “not facilitate, engage in, participate or assist in any other violations of university policy.” He also said students on temporary suspension maintain access to university housing, dining and health services.

The stress of the situation has been difficult for Rueff’s father, Alex Rueff, who is helping pay the tuition. He said in an interview that he does not always agree with Katie’s choices or politics and that he is concerned about the financial and other ramifications of a suspension. But he said the most important thing to him was sustaining his relationship with her.

“Suspension and loss of money and loss of time was really upsetting, but losing my daughter would be worse,” he said in an interview.

But not all families can afford to forgo a semester’s worth of tuition.

Michael Lee-Chang, a sophomore who has been involved in protests at California State University at Sacramento, said he has not been threatened with suspension but worries he might be. He’s already on probation for something unrelated to the protests, and he cannot afford to be expelled.

“My family is relying on me to graduate,” he said. “I need a degree to find a job to support my mom and I.”

He added that he wears masks and avoids clothing that would be recognizable when he goes to protest. “If university administrators closed in on the encampment, I would leave — for my own safety and for the assurance that I may have a chance to still graduate.”

Why this time it’s different

Experts agree that the protests underway — and the reactions to them — are far more sweeping than anything seen since the Vietnam-era demonstrations. Back then, protests and suspensions were commonplace. And when four students were killed by the Ohio National Guard while demonstrating at Kent State University, that sparked more protests still.

At Columbia, for instance, the school called in 1,000 New York police officers in 1968 to make 700 arrests. The school also suspended 73 students at the time, although only 30 suspensions were upheld.

The closest comparison since Vietnam came in the 1980s as students protested South Africa’s apartheid regime. That, too, led to arrests, though those demonstrations did not spread as fast as today’s events.

Since then, almost no schools had pursued these kinds of tactics until now, said Jones, the Columbia lecturer. Instead, he said, administrators were “highly tolerant” of student movements calling for ethnic-studies programs or urging schools to divest from private prison companies or fossil fuels, even making high-profile concessions to students’ demands in some cases.

In 2017, Yale agreed to drop the name of former vice president and senator John Calhoun, an avid proponent of slavery, from a prominent campus building after students held a sustained series of protests, including blocking intersections. In 2021, Harvard agreed to end its investments in fossil fuels after long-standing student calls for divestment, including the occupation of campus buildings.

And in 2015, Columbia agreed to sell its shares in private security and private prison companies — and vowed never to invest in such firms again — a year after students launched a protest campaign.

Universities were able to manage those disputes in part because they had worked to create spaces and guidelines for free speech and assembly that were successful in satisfying all parties. But now those guidelines are being tested in new ways, said Peter Lake, a law professor and director of the Center for Excellence in Higher Education Law and Policy at Stetson University.

“We saw a real movement prior to this to insist that college campuses be open public spaces to dialogue,” he said. “Now it’s kind of boomeranging in a way that was not anticipated.”

In recent years, student groups have been more willing to abide by the conditions set forth by the universities, said Lindsie Rank, director of campus rights advocacy at the Foundation for Individual Rights and Expression.

“This moment it feels a little bit different because, alongside peaceful protests, which are certainly happening, we’re seeing a lot of violations of reasonable and content-neutral rules,” she said, pointing to rules about how loud sound may be amplified or whether tents are allowed. And, she added, not all the protests have been peaceful.

Another critical factor: This conflict puts one group of students in direct conflict with another, with campus leaders feeling pressure to respond to Jewish students who say the movement makes them feel scared, unwelcome or even unsafe on campus. A Jewish student has already sued Columbia for failing to protect members of her faith during the protests. (A lawsuit also was filed on behalf of pro-Palestinian groups over suspensions of the organizations.)

As such, universities are under enormous pressure to protect Jewish students and combat antisemitism on campus. The House education committee has already held two high-profile hearings on the subject and plans a third. The first helped lead to the resignations of the presidents of Harvard and the University of Pennsylvania ; in the second, Columbia’s president took a strong stand against antisemitism. A week after the hearing, House Speaker Mike Johnson (R-La.) put additional pressure on Columbia when he visited the school and called on the school’s president to resign “if she could not immediately bring order to this chaos.”

“If the president of Harvard can get fired on this, they are going to be afraid for their jobs,” said Robert Cohen, a history professor and expert on student protests at New York University. “It wouldn’t be unreasonable as a [university] president to feel, if this protest is not suppressed, it can threaten your job.”

This is all very different from protests in recent years, said Jones, when “there was no one who was really actively in favor of investing in prisons or fossil fuels.”

“This,” he said, “is a uniquely divisive issue.”

Israel-Gaza war

The Israel-Gaza war has gone on for six months, and tensions have spilled into the surrounding region .

The war: On Oct. 7, Hamas militants launched an unprecedented cross-border attack on Israel that included the taking of civilian hostages at a music festival . (See photos and videos of how the deadly assault unfolded ). Israel declared war on Hamas in response, launching a ground invasion that fueled the biggest displacement in the region since Israel’s creation in 1948 .

Gaza crisis: In the Gaza Strip, Israel has waged one of this century’s most destructive wars , killing tens of thousands and plunging at least half of the population into “ famine-like conditions. ” For months, Israel has resisted pressure from Western allies to allow more humanitarian aid into the enclave .

U.S. involvement: Despite tensions between Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and some U.S. politicians , including President Biden, the United States supports Israel with weapons , funds aid packages , and has vetoed or abstained from the United Nations’ cease-fire resolutions.

History: The roots of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and mistrust are deep and complex, predating the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 . Read more on the history of the Gaza Strip .