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Atama işleçleri

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expression assignment-operator expression

assignment-operator : biri   =   *=   /=   %=   +=   -=   <<=   >>=   &=   ^=   |=

Açıklamalar

Atama işleçleri, sol işlenen tarafından belirtilen nesnede bir değer depolar. İki tür atama işlemi vardır:

ikinci işlenenin değerinin ilk işlenen tarafından belirtilen nesnede depolandığı basit atama .

sonucu depolamadan önce aritmetik, shift veya bit düzeyinde bir işlemin gerçekleştirildiği bileşik atama .

Aşağıdaki tablodaki işleçler dışında = tüm atama işleçleri bileşik atama işleçleridir.

Atama işleçleri tablosu

İşleç anahtar sözcükleri.

Bileşik atama işleçlerinden üçünün anahtar sözcük eşdeğerleri vardır. Bunlar:

C++ bileşik atama işleçleri için alternatif yazımlar olarak bu işleç anahtar sözcüklerini belirtir. C'de, alternatif yazımlar iso646.h> üst bilgisinde <makro olarak sağlanır. C++ dilinde alternatif yazımlar anahtar sözcüklerdir; <iso646.h> veya C++ eşdeğeri <ciso646> kullanımı kullanım dışıdır. Microsoft C++'da alternatif /permissive- yazım denetimi sağlamak için veya /Za derleyici seçeneği gereklidir.

Basit atama

Basit atama işleci ( = ), ikinci işlenenin değerinin ilk işlenen tarafından belirtilen nesnede depolanmasına neden olur. Her iki nesne de aritmetik türlerdeyse, değeri depolamadan önce sağ işlenen soldaki türüne dönüştürülür.

ve volatile türlerinin const nesneleri, yalnızca volatile veya veya olmayan const volatile türlerin l değerlerine atanabilir.

Sınıf türündeki ( struct , union ve class türlerinde) nesnelere atama, adlı operator= bir işlev tarafından gerçekleştirilir. Bu işleç işlevinin varsayılan davranışı, nesnenin statik olmayan veri üyeleri ve doğrudan temel sınıflar için üye başına kopya ataması gerçekleştirmektir; ancak, bu davranış aşırı yüklenmiş işleçler kullanılarak değiştirilebilir. Daha fazla bilgi için bkz . İşleç aşırı yüklemesi . Sınıf türlerinin kopyalama ataması ve taşıma atama işleçleri de olabilir. Daha fazla bilgi için bkz . Oluşturucuları kopyalama ve atama işleçlerini kopyalama ve Oluşturucuları taşıma ve atama işleçlerini taşıma.

Belirli bir temel sınıftan kesin olarak türetilmiş herhangi bir sınıfın nesnesi, temel sınıfın bir nesnesine atanabilir. Türetilmiş sınıftan temel sınıfa örtük bir dönüştürme olduğundan ancak temel sınıftan türetilmiş sınıfa örtük bir dönüştürme olduğundan ters değer doğru değildir. Örneğin:

Başvuru türlerine yapılan atamalar, atama başvuru noktalarının bulunduğu nesneye yapılıyor gibi davranır.

Sınıf türündeki nesneler için atama başlatma işleminden farklıdır. Farklı atama ve başlatmanın nasıl olabileceğini göstermek için kodu göz önünde bulundurun

Yukarıdaki kod bir başlatıcı gösterir; türünde bir bağımsız değişken UserType1 alan oluşturucuyu UserType2 çağırır. Koda göre

atama deyimi

aşağıdaki etkilerden birine sahip olabilir:

bir bağımsız değişkenle birlikte UserType1 sağlanan operator= için UserType2 işlevini operator= çağırın.

Böyle bir işlev varsa, açık dönüştürme işlevini UserType1::operator UserType2 çağırın.

UserType2::UserType2 Bir bağımsız değişken alan ve sonucu kopyalayan böyle bir oluşturucu mevcut olması koşuluyla oluşturucuyu UserType1 çağırın.

Bileşik atama

Bileşik atama işleçleri Atama işleçleri tablosunda gösterilir . Bu işleçler e1 op= e2 biçimindedir ; burada e1 değiştirilemez bir const l-değeridir ve e2 şöyledir:

aritmetik bir tür

veya ise + bir işaretçi -

e1 türü için eşleşen operator *op*= bir aşırı yüklemenin bulunduğu bir tür

Yerleşik e1 op = e2 formu e1 e1 = op e2 olarak davranır, ancak e1 yalnızca bir kez değerlendirilir.

Numaralandırılmış bir türe yapılan bileşik atama bir hata iletisi oluşturur. Sol işlenen bir işaretçi türündeyse, sağ işlenen işaretçi türünde olmalı veya 0 olarak değerlendirilen sabit bir ifade olmalıdır. Sol işlenen tam sayı türündeyse, sağ işlenen işaretçi türünde olmamalıdır.

Yerleşik atama işleçlerinin sonucu

Yerleşik atama işleçleri, atamadan sonra sol işlenen tarafından belirtilen nesnenin değerini döndürür (bileşik atama işleçleri söz konusu olduğunda aritmetik/mantıksal işlem). Sonuç türü, sol işlenenin türüdür. Atama ifadesinin sonucu her zaman bir l değeridir. Bu işleçler sağdan sola ilişkilendirmeye sahiptir. Sol işlenen değiştirilebilir bir l değeri olmalıdır.

ANSI C'de atama ifadesinin sonucu l değeri değildir. Bu, C'de yasal C++ ifadesine (a += b) += c izin verilmediğini gösterir.

Ayrıca bkz.

İkili işleçleri olan ifadeler C++ yerleşik işleçleri, önceliği ve ilişkilendirilebilirliği C atama işleçleri

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cppreference.com

Assignment operators.

Assignment operators modify the value of the object.

[ edit ] Definitions

Copy assignment replaces the contents of the object a with a copy of the contents of b ( b is not modified). For class types, this is performed in a special member function, described in copy assignment operator .

For non-class types, copy and move assignment are indistinguishable and are referred to as direct assignment .

Compound assignment replace the contents of the object a with the result of a binary operation between the previous value of a and the value of b .

[ edit ] Assignment operator syntax

The assignment expressions have the form

• ↑ target-expr must have higher precedence than an assignment expression.
• ↑ new-value cannot be a comma expression, because its precedence is lower.

[ edit ] Built-in simple assignment operator

For the built-in simple assignment, the object referred to by target-expr is modified by replacing its value with the result of new-value . target-expr must be a modifiable lvalue.

The result of a built-in simple assignment is an lvalue of the type of target-expr , referring to target-expr . If target-expr is a bit-field , the result is also a bit-field.

[ edit ] Assignment from an expression

If new-value is an expression, it is implicitly converted to the cv-unqualified type of target-expr . When target-expr is a bit-field that cannot represent the value of the expression, the resulting value of the bit-field is implementation-defined.

If target-expr and new-value identify overlapping objects, the behavior is undefined (unless the overlap is exact and the type is the same).

In overload resolution against user-defined operators , for every type T , the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

For every enumeration or pointer to member type T , optionally volatile-qualified, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:

For every pair A1 and A2 , where A1 is an arithmetic type (optionally volatile-qualified) and A2 is a promoted arithmetic type, the following function signature participates in overload resolution:

[ edit ] Built-in compound assignment operator

The behavior of every built-in compound-assignment expression target-expr   op   =   new-value is exactly the same as the behavior of the expression target-expr   =   target-expr   op   new-value , except that target-expr is evaluated only once.

The requirements on target-expr and new-value of built-in simple assignment operators also apply. Furthermore:

• For + = and - = , the type of target-expr must be an arithmetic type or a pointer to a (possibly cv-qualified) completely-defined object type .
• For all other compound assignment operators, the type of target-expr must be an arithmetic type.

In overload resolution against user-defined operators , for every pair A1 and A2 , where A1 is an arithmetic type (optionally volatile-qualified) and A2 is a promoted arithmetic type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

For every pair I1 and I2 , where I1 is an integral type (optionally volatile-qualified) and I2 is a promoted integral type, the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

For every optionally cv-qualified object type T , the following function signatures participate in overload resolution:

[ edit ] Example

Possible output:

[ edit ] Defect reports

The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.

[ edit ] See also

Operator precedence

Operator overloading

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Assignment Operators In C++

In C++, the assignment operator forms the backbone of many algorithms and computational processes by performing a simple operation like assigning a value to a variable. It is denoted by equal sign ( = ) and provides one of the most basic operations in any programming language that is used to assign some value to the variables in C++ or in other words, it is used to store some kind of information.

The right-hand side value will be assigned to the variable on the left-hand side. The variable and the value should be of the same data type.

The value can be a literal or another variable of the same data type.

Compound Assignment Operators

In C++, the assignment operator can be combined into a single operator with some other operators to perform a combination of two operations in one single statement. These operators are called Compound Assignment Operators. There are 10 compound assignment operators in C++:

• Addition Assignment Operator ( += )
• Subtraction Assignment Operator ( -= )
• Multiplication Assignment Operator ( *= )
• Division Assignment Operator ( /= )
• Modulus Assignment Operator ( %= )
• Bitwise AND Assignment Operator ( &= )
• Bitwise OR Assignment Operator ( |= )
• Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator ( ^= )
• Left Shift Assignment Operator ( <<= )
• Right Shift Assignment Operator ( >>= )

Lets see each of them in detail.

1. Addition Assignment Operator (+=)

In C++, the addition assignment operator (+=) combines the addition operation with the variable assignment allowing you to increment the value of variable by a specified expression in a concise and efficient way.

This above expression is equivalent to the expression:

2. Subtraction Assignment Operator (-=)

The subtraction assignment operator (-=) in C++ enables you to update the value of the variable by subtracting another value from it. This operator is especially useful when you need to perform subtraction and store the result back in the same variable.

3. Multiplication Assignment Operator (*=)

In C++, the multiplication assignment operator (*=) is used to update the value of the variable by multiplying it with another value.

4. Division Assignment Operator (/=)

The division assignment operator divides the variable on the left by the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

5. Modulus Assignment Operator (%=)

The modulus assignment operator calculates the remainder when the variable on the left is divided by the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

6. Bitwise AND Assignment Operator (&=)

This operator performs a bitwise AND between the variable on the left and the value on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

7. Bitwise OR Assignment Operator (|=)

The bitwise OR assignment operator performs a bitwise OR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

8. Bitwise XOR Assignment Operator (^=)

The bitwise XOR assignment operator performs a bitwise XOR between the variable on the left and the value or variable on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

9. Left Shift Assignment Operator (<<=)

The left shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to left by the number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

10. Right Shift Assignment Operator (>>=)

The right shift assignment operator shifts the bits of the variable on the left to the right by a number of positions specified on the right and assigns the result to the variable on the left.

Also, it is important to note that all of the above operators can be overloaded for custom operations with user-defined data types to perform the operations we want.

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• Assignment operators

An assignment operator assigns a value to its left operand based on the value of its right operand.

The basic assignment operator is equal ( = ), which assigns the value of its right operand to its left operand. That is, x = y assigns the value of y to x . The other assignment operators are usually shorthand for standard operations, as shown in the following definitions and examples.

Simple assignment operator which assigns a value to a variable. The assignment operation evaluates to the assigned value. Chaining the assignment operator is possible in order to assign a single value to multiple variables. See the example.

Addition assignment

The addition assignment operator adds the value of the right operand to a variable and assigns the result to the variable. The types of the two operands determine the behavior of the addition assignment operator. Addition or concatenation is possible. See the addition operator for more details.

Subtraction assignment

The subtraction assignment operator subtracts the value of the right operand from a variable and assigns the result to the variable. See the subtraction operator for more details.

Multiplication assignment

The multiplication assignment operator multiplies a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the multiplication operator for more details.

Division assignment

The division assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the result to the variable. See the division operator for more details.

Remainder assignment

The remainder assignment operator divides a variable by the value of the right operand and assigns the remainder to the variable. See the remainder operator for more details.

Exponentiation assignment

This is an experimental technology, part of the ECMAScript 2016 (ES7) proposal. Because this technology's specification has not stabilized, check the compatibility table for usage in various browsers. Also note that the syntax and behavior of an experimental technology is subject to change in future version of browsers as the spec changes.

The exponentiation assignment operator evaluates to the result of raising first operand to the power second operand. See the exponentiation operator for more details.

Left shift assignment

The left shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the left and assigns the result to the variable. See the left shift operator for more details.

Right shift assignment

The right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the right shift operator for more details.

Unsigned right shift assignment

The unsigned right shift assignment operator moves the specified amount of bits to the right and assigns the result to the variable. See the unsigned right shift operator for more details.

Bitwise AND assignment

The bitwise AND assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise AND operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise AND operator for more details.

Bitwise XOR assignment

The bitwise XOR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise XOR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise XOR operator for more details.

Bitwise OR assignment

The bitwise OR assignment operator uses the binary representation of both operands, does a bitwise OR operation on them and assigns the result to the variable. See the bitwise OR operator for more details.

Left operand with another assignment operator

In unusual situations, the assignment operator (e.g. x += y ) is not identical to the meaning expression (here x = x + y ). When the left operand of an assignment operator itself contains an assignment operator, the left operand is evaluated only once. For example:

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• Arithmetic operators

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4.5: Assignment Operator

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• Kenneth Leroy Busbee
• Houston Community College via OpenStax CNX

The assignment operator allows us to change the value of a modifiable data object (for beginning programmers this typically means a variable). It is associated with the concept of moving a value into the storage location (again usually a variable). Within C++ programming language the symbol used is the equal symbol. But bite your tongue, when you see the = symbol you need to start thinking: assignment. The assignment operator has two operands. The one to the left of the operator is usually an identifier name for a variable. The one to the right of the operator is a value.

The value 21 is moved to the memory location for the variable named: age. Another way to say it: age is assigned the value 21.

The item to the right of the assignment operator is an expression. The expression will be evaluated and the answer is 14. The value 14 would assigned to the variable named: total_cousins.

The expression to the right of the assignment operator contains some identifier names. The program would fetch the values stored in those variables; add them together and get a value of 44; then assign the 44 to the total_students variable.

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