bsc msc phd

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - what do they all mean?

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - what do they all mean? Two Masters' students at graduation.

BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD (and more) are abbreviations of British degrees.

They reflect the specific level and discipline of a qualification achieved at university.

While most courses are conducted on a full-time basis, there are options for part-time, distance learning and other flexible learning arrangements.

Here is a breakdown of some of the most common qualifications and ones that Aberystwyth University offers.

  • BA = Bachelor of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
  • BSc = Bachelor of Sciences;
  • BENG = Bachelor of Engineering (Software, Robotics and Physics);
  • LLB = Bachelor of Law.

Achieved after 3 to 4 years of study. The extra year (for a 4 year course) can be from a year studying abroad or a year working in industry.

Integrated-Masters:

  • MARTS = Masters of Arts;
  • MBIOL = Masters of Biology;
  • MCOMP = Masters of Computer Science;
  • MENG = Masters of Engineering;
  • MMATH = Masters of Mathematics;
  • MPHYS = Masters of Physics;
  • MSCI = Masters of Sciences and Humanities.

4 years course (3-year Bachelors, 1 year Masters) that enables you to secure a loan for the full duration rather than having to fund a Masters degree separately.

  • MA = Masters of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences;
  • MSc = Masters of Sciences;
  • MBA = Masters of Business Administration;
  • MPhil = Masters of Philosophy: Advanced research Masters degree;
  • MRes = Masters of Research: Contains some taught and research elements;
  • LLM = Masters of Law.

Achieved after graduation from Bachelors level, usually 1-2 years duration.

  • PhD = Doctor of Philosophy: for a range of disciplines.

Achieved after graduating from Masters level, usually 3-8 years duration.

A wide range of Undergraduate, Postgraduate and Further-Research courses – across the Arts and Sciences – are available at Aberystwyth.

bsc msc phd

What does BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD, DPsych, PGDip mean after a therapist’s name?

These letters refer to the therapist’s professional qualifications.

  • BA  – Bachelor of Arts (BA or AB) is a bachelor’s degree awarded for an undergraduate program in the arts and sciences. A Bachelor of Arts is generally completed in three or four years, depending on the country and institution.
  • BSc  – A Bachelor of Science (BS, BSc, SB, or ScB) is a bachelor’s degree awarded for programs that generally last three to five years.
  • MA  – A Master of Arts (MA or AM) is a master’s degree in the field of humanities and social sciences awarded by universities in many countries.
  • MSc  – A Master of Science (MS, M.S., MSc, M.Sc., SM, S.M., ScM or Sc.M.) is a master’s degree in the field of science awarded by universities in many countries or a person holding such a degree.
  • PhD  – A Doctor of Philosophy (PhD, Ph.D., DPhil) is the highest university degree that is conferred after a course of study by universities in most countries. PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. As an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are usually required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a thesis or dissertation, and defend their work against experts in the field.
  • PsyD  – Like a PhD in Psychology, the Doctor of Psychology degree (PsyD) prepares trainees to practice psychology in a wide range of clinical settings. A PsyD, however, focuses more on clinical practice and less on research.
  • PGDip  – A postgraduate diploma (PgD, PgDip, PGDip, PG Dip., PGD, Dipl. PG, PDE) is a postgraduate qualification awarded after a university degree, which supplements the original degree and awards them with a graduate diploma.

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What does PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc mean?

What do the abbreviations phd, md, ma, msc, ba, bsc mean if you are wondering, follow the following article of network administrator to find the answer..

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In life sometimes you will receive a business card in English with abbreviations like PhD. Or on some foreign university degree will also be the acronyms such as PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc. When reading these acronyms printed on a good business card, do you know what these acronyms are for learning? If you are wondering what the meaning of these words is, follow the following Network Administrator article to find the answer.

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What does PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc mean? Picture 1

PhD (also written as Ph.D, Dphil) is an acronym for Doctor of Physolophy in English, meaning Doctor / Philosopher.

Dr. is the highest student of all levels, it first appeared in Germany, later used by the US and other Western countries. Recent years PhD has been pooled to generalize people with PhDs in all professions.

MD is an acronym for the phrase A medical doctor / physician. This is a degree in medicine that is very popular in many countries. MD learners often learn to practice more than theory.

MA is an acronym for Master of Arts. This word is understood as a literary / social master. These people specialize in social sciences such as media, education, language, literature, geography, history and music.

What does PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc mean? Picture 2

4. MS or MSc

MS or MSc stands for Master of Science. This word means a master of natural science. This degree is given to individuals after completing a course in natural sciences such as biology, chemistry, engineering, health or statistics. In some places it is often assumed that by MS there is more 'weight' than an MA.

BA stands for Bachelor of Arts Bachelor of Arts / Social Studies who are professional in humanities, literature, history, social sciences, media and foreign languages. In addition, BA is an acronym for Business Analyst, this is a professional analyst, who connects customers with business people and technical workers.

BSc (or BS) stands for Bachelor of Science which means the bachelor of natural science. BS diplomas are related to subjects such as engineering, technology, mathematics, computer science, nursing and biochemistry. Although BS degrees are often related to science subjects, many schools also offer BS degrees in some other areas such as music.

In addition to the above acronyms, we also add some acronyms in the table below about the job positions you will often encounter in life. Invite you to consult.

Bc., BS, BS, B.Sc. or BSc

The Bachelor of Science

Bachelor of natural science.

The Bachelor of Business Administration

Bachelor of Business Administration.

The Bachelor of Commerce and Administration

Bachelor of Commerce and Management.

B.Acy., B.Acc. or B. Accty

The Bachelor of Accountancy

Bachelor of accounting.

The Bachelor of Laws

Bachelor of law.

Tập đoàn của công việc và chính sách quản lý

Bachelor of management and public policy.

The Master of Art

Master of social science.

MS, MSc or M.Si

The Master of Science

Master of natural science.

The Master of business Administration

Master of Business Administration.

MAcc, MAc, or Macy

The Master of Accountancy

Master of accounting.

The Master of Science in Project Management

Master in project management.

The Master of Economics

Master of economics.

The Master of Finance

Master of Finance

Doctor of Philosophy

Doctorate (industry in general).

Doctor of Medicine

Doctor of medicine.

Doctor of Science

Doctor of science.

Doctor of Business Administration

Doctor of Business Administration.

The above are the most popular academic courses in the West, and common acronyms in degrees and scientific works. Thus, the above article explained to you what the words PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc mean, which words are short.

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Difference Between a BSc & MSc

MA vs. MBA

Both a BSc (bachelor of science) and an MSc (master of science) are higher education degrees awarded in scientific subjects. Undergraduates who attend college or university and major in a scientific subject will typically be awarded a BSc degree, while MSc qualifications are reserved for those who complete additional postgraduate study. An MSc is a higher level of qualification and is often used as a stepping stone toward the acquisition of a doctorate.

Bachelor's degrees (sometimes referred to as baccalaureate degrees) are awarded to college students who complete a full 4-year undergraduate curriculum. Most students enter a bachelor's degree program immediately after graduating from high school, although mature students may begin studying for the qualification in later life. To enroll into a BSc program, students must usually possess a high school diploma or GED, SAT or ACT test results, a high school transcript, letters of recommendation and relevant application essays. BSc degrees can be completed at state universities, private colleges and via distance learning programs.

A BSc will be awarded to students majoring in a modern subject like computer sciences and a classic science subject like chemistry. Mathematics majors are also awarded a BSc. Students majoring in analytical, practical, experiment- based subjects earn a BSc, while those majoring in theoretcal, essay-based or artistic subjects such as philosophy, art or history earn bachelor of arts (BA) degrees.

Students who've completed a BSc degree may decide to continue studying for an MSc degree for a variety of reasons. Many wish to further broaden their understanding of their chosen academic field or seek to specialize in a more specific area than they could while completing their BSc. Others choose further study as a way to improve future job prospects, enable a career change or develop job-specific skills, while there are even some who opt to stay on at university to avoid having to join the workforce.

Students seeking to enroll into an MSc degree program must possess a BSc in a relevant field. An MSc can be awarded in subjects ranging from traditional theoretical scientific study to practical subjects such as engineering or agricultural science and offers a far greater depth of training than a BSc. MSc courses feature far less classroom teaching than BSc courses with the emphasis instead placed on original research and the development of personal ideas. To complete an MSc, students must usually complete a thesis focusing on their chosen area of study.

Academic or Professional?

MSc programs may be tailored toward improving a student's professional prospects, but some are designed to simply act as a bridge between the BSc and eventual doctoral study. Students must choose a program carefully with this in mind. Those who wish to eventually study for a doctorate must choose a specially designed MSc program, while those seeking to improve their career prospects should opt for a program designed to improve their practical skills.

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Mark Elliott is a British, NCTJ-trained journalist with experience in print, online, television and radio. He has worked for the BBC, BSKYB and a number of national and regional newspapers. While specializing in sports, he has experience in news, politics and history. Elliott has over three years of journalism experience.

Jessica Rose

Jessica Rose

Dr. Jessica Rose is a Canadian researcher with a Bachelor's Degree in Applied Mathematics and a Master's degree in Immunology from Memorial University of Newfoundland. She also holds a PhD in Computational Biology from Bar Ilan University and 2 Post Doctoral degrees: one in Molecular Biology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and one in Biochemistry from the Technion Institute of Technology. She was also accepted for a 2-month program as a senior researcher at the Weizmann Institute prior to completion of her latest post doctoral degree at the Technion. Her more recent research efforts are aimed at descriptive analysis of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) data in efforts to make this data accessible to the public.

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Sir Jim McDonald , BSc, MSc, PhD, DSc, CEng

NYU School of Engineering Presidential Fellow and Professor

Principal/Vice Chancellor

Sir Jim McDonald

Professor Sir Jim McDonald joined Strathclyde University in 1984 following 6 years in the UK electricity utility industry, having worked for SSEB and Scottish Hydro Electric. He was appointed to the Rolls-Royce Chair in Electrical Power Systems in 1993 and led research in advanced electrical power systems. He became Head of Department in Electronic and Electrical Engineering in 2003 and continues to act as Chairman of Strathclyde’s Institute for Energy and Environment, the largest power engineering and energy systems research group internationally. He advises government, industry and business on the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy. He has a significant body of published work with two books, several contributed chapters in other books and over 650 papers, all broadly in the field of electrical power system protection, control and operation.

He was appointed Deputy Principal in 2006 to lead the University’s research and commercialisation portfolio and became Principal and Vice-Chancellor of the University of Strathclyde in March 2009.

He is Chairman of two of the Scottish Universities’ research pools – multi-institutional consortia combining world-class research talent and facilities. These are: the Scottish Research Partnership in Engineering (SRPE); and, the Scottish Energy Technology Partnership (ETP), involving all energy research intensive Universities – the largest of its type in Europe.

He is a member of the Scottish Enterprise Board and has served as a member of the UK Trade and Investment ‘Energy Excellence’ Board.  He co-chairs - with the First Minister - the Scottish Government’s Energy Advisory Board. He is Chairman of the independent Glasgow Economic Leadership Board for the City of Glasgow and, in 2011, was appointed as Chairman of the Board of the Glasgow Science Centre.  In October 2012, he was appointed as Vice-President of the UK’s Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) and, in April 2014, became President of IET Scotland.

In January 2013, he was appointed as Non-Executive Director of the UK Offshore Renewable Energy Catapult Board. He also became an Independent Director of Scottish Power Energy Networks Holdings in March 2014.

In the Queen’s Jubilee Birthday Honours List on 16 June 2012, Professor McDonald was awarded a Knighthood for services to education, engineering and the economy.   In September 2013 Professor McDonald received the “Outstanding Contribution as a Business Leader”, recognition at The Herald’s Inaugural Inspiring City Awards event. 

Professor McDonald, who is currently President of the Royal Academy of Engineering, became one of only 310 International Members of the National Academy of Engineering in 2022.

He is a Fellow of:

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Understanding Motivational Interviewing

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John C. Umhau, MD, MPH, CPE is board-certified in addiction medicine and preventative medicine. He is the medical director at Alcohol Recovery Medicine. For over 20 years Dr. Umhau was a senior clinical investigator at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

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  • Key Concepts

Effectiveness

Things to consider, how to get started.

Motivational interviewing is a counseling approach designed to help people find the motivation to make a positive behavior change. This client-centered approach is particularly effective for people who have mixed feelings about changing their behavior.

It's possible to experience to have conflicting desires, such as wanting to change your behavior, but also thinking that you're not ready to change your behavior. The motivational interviewing approach holds that resolving this ambivalence can increase a person's motivation to change.

Originally developed by William Miller and Stephen Rollnick to treat alcohol addiction, motivational interviewing is unique in the way it empowers people to take responsibility for their own recovery.

The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing

Motivational interviewing should always be implemented with a particular "spirit." According to Miller and Rollnick, the "spirit" is collaborative, evocative, and honors client autonomy.

In order for motivational interviewing to be effective, the therapist must maintain this overall "spirit."

Collaboration Instead of Confrontation

Collaboration is a partnership formed between the counselor and the client. In motivational interviewing, this relationship is based on the point of view and experiences of the client.

This approach contrasts with some other therapeutic approaches, specifically those in which the counselor is confrontational and imposes their own point of view about their client's behavior.

Collaboration builds rapport between the therapist and the client. It allows the client to develop a trusting relationship with their counselor, something that is difficult to do in a more confrontational environment.

Evocation Rather Than Education

The notion of the counselor drawing out a client's ideas rather than imposing their own opinions is based on the belief that motivation to change comes from within. As such, it cannot come from the counselor.

No matter how much the counselor might want a person to change their behavior, it will only happen if the individual also wants to change. So, it is the counselor's job to "draw out" their client's true motivations for this change. Once these motivators are identified, the client can use them to make the recovery process easier or to help them keep going when they want to give up.

Autonomy Over Authority

Unlike treatment models that emphasize the counselor as an authority figure, motivational interviewing recognizes that the true power for making changes rests within the client. The counselor cannot demand this change.

Put another way, it is up to the client to take the actions necessary to change their behavior. They must put in the work. This is self-empowering to the individual, but also gives them personal responsibility over their actions.

Principles Behind Motivational Interviewing

Although each person's journey is different , counselors who use motivational interviewing hold true to four principles throughout the recovery process. These principles are vital to establishing trust within the therapeutic relationship.

Express Empathy

People may initially be reluctant to go to therapy for fear of being judged by their therapist. Some may even feel guilty about their negative behavior, making that judgment valid in their eyes. But judgment is not what motivational interviewing is about.

Instead of judging, counselors focus on understanding the situation from their client's point of view. This is known as empathy .

A counselor doesn't have to agree with their client to show empathy. Empathy is about surrendering your own opinions in order to understand someone else. This practice creates a safe space where clients feel comfortable being themselves and sharing their concerns.

Develop Discrepancy

Developing discrepancy is based on the belief that a person becomes more motivated to change once they see the mismatch between where they are and where they want to be.

It is a counselor's job to help clients identify their core values and clarify their personal goals. Goals and actions are developed in a trusting, collaborative atmosphere free from pressure. This offers an environment that is based on the person's needs, wishes, goals, values, and strengths.

Roll With Resistance

Motivational interviewing understands that change doesn't always happen just because you want it. It's natural to change your mind many times about whether you want to change your behavior and what that process or new lifestyle looks like.

Rather than challenging, opposing, or criticizing clients, it's a counselor's job to help them reach a new understanding of themselves and their behaviors. One way they do this is by reframing or offering different interpretations of certain situations. This changing viewpoint increases the person's motivation to change. It is based on their own goals and values.

For example, if a client reveals that they started drinking to cope with a partner's infidelity , the counselor might help them reframe the situation. Instead of the client blaming themselves, they may begin to see that the person cheated because of their own issues.

Support Self-Efficacy

Self-efficacy is a person's belief or confidence in their ability to perform a target behavior. A counselor following the motivational interviewing approach supports their client's self-efficacy by reinforcing their power to make the changes they want. They guide them through the behavior change process, recognize the positive changes clients make, and offer encouragement along the way.

In the beginning, the therapist may have more confidence in the individual than they have in themselves, but this can change with ongoing support. Soon, the client starts to recognize their strengths and ability to change their behavior for the better.

In motivational interviewing, counselors help people explore their feelings and find their own motivations. They do this using four basic techniques.

Therapists gather information by asking open-ended questions , show support and respect using affirmations , express empathy through reflections , and use summaries to group information.

Open-Ended Questions

Open-ended questions are questions you can't answer with a simple "yes" or "no." These types of questions encourage you to think more deeply about an issue.

Such questions often start with words like "how" or "what," and they give your therapist the opportunity to learn more about you. Examples of open-ended questions include:

  • "How would you like things to be different?"
  • "What have you tried before to make a change?"
  • "What can you tell me about your relationship with your parents?"

Affirmations

Affirmations are statements that recognize a person's strengths and acknowledge their positive behaviors. Done right, affirmations can help build a person's confidence in their ability to change.

Examples of affirming responses include:

  • "You're clearly a very resourceful person."
  • "You handled yourself really well in that situation."
  • "I'm so glad you came into the clinic today. I know it isn't always easy to seek help."
  • "I appreciate that it took a lot of courage for you to discuss this with me today."

Reflective Listening

Reflection or reflective listening is perhaps the most crucial skill therapists use. Reflection lets a client know that their therapist is listening and trying to understand their point of view. It also gives the client the opportunity to correct any misunderstandings and to elaborate on their feelings.

Reflection is a foundational skill of motivational interviewing and how therapists express empathy.

Summaries are a special type of reflection. They show that the therapist has been listening and understand what the client has been saying.

Therapists can use summaries throughout a conversation. Some examples of summarizing techniques include:

  • Collecting : Collecting reinforces what the client has said. For example, a therapist might say, "Let me see if I understand what you have said thus far."
  • Linking : Linking entails making associations between two parts of the discussion. For example, a therapist might say, “A minute ago you said you wanted to talk to... Maybe now we can talk about how you might try...” 
  • Transitioning : Transitioning wraps up the end of a session or moving on to another topic. For instance, a therapist might say, “A minute ago you said... But the last time we met, it seemed like... What do you think about that?"

What Motivational Interviewing Can Help With

Originally, motivational interviewing was focused more on treating substance use disorders by preparing people to change addition-related behavior. Over time, however, motivational interviewing has been found to be a useful intervention strategy in addressing other health behaviors and conditions such as:

  • Diabetes control
  • Obesity prevention
  • Physical activity
  • Sexual behavior

Motivational interviewing can also be used as a supplement to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This approach has even been used to reduce the fear of childbirth.

Benefits of Motivational Interviewing

There are several reasons why motivational interviewing is a widely used form of mental health therapy, including:

  • Building the client's self-confidence and trust in themselves
  • Helping clients take responsibility for themselves and their actions
  • Lowering the chance of future relapse
  • Preparing clients to become more receptive to treatment
  • Showing clients that they have the power to change their lives themselves
  • Teaching clients to take responsibility for themselves

Motivational interviewing is especially beneficial to people who are initially resistant to starting a treatment program or who are unprepared to make the necessary life changes.

Since motivational interviewing was first introduced in the 1980s, studies have shown that it can effectively treat a range of psychological and physical health conditions.

One meta-analysis of 72 clinical trials found that motivational interviewing led to smoking cessation, weight loss, and cholesterol level control.

Research also reveals that motivational interviewing can aid in addiction treatment . Another review showed that, of the 39 studies reviewed, two-thirds found that motivational interviewing was associated with significant reductions in adolescent substance use.

Yet another review indicates that motivational interviewing can effectively reduce binge drinking as well as the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumed.

Motivational interviewing can effectively treat a variety of conditions. But keep in mind that there is no one form of therapy that is appropriate for everyone and works in every instance. 

Although motivational interviewing has helped many people find the motivation to make both small and major behavior changes, it's not the ideal course of treatment for everyone.

Motivational interviewing works best for people who have mixed feelings about changing their behavior. If you have absolutely no desire to change your behavior, or are already highly motivated to change, you may not reap the benefits of this approach.

If you feel that you or someone you love might benefit from this counseling approach, consider the following first steps:

  • Find a trained counselor . Your primary care physician may be able to refer you to an in-person or online counselor who has been trained in motivational interviewing approach . If you have health insurance, you can call your insurance company or use their online search tool to find a trained counselor in your area.
  • Check with your health insurance . In some cases, insurance may pay at least part of the costs for this type of counseling. If this is the case, you'll want to find a therapist that your insurance company will work with. 
  • Prepare for the first session . The first session is usually a clinical assessment. You’ll be asked to complete intake paperwork, similar to what you complete for a medical appointment. The counselor will likely also ask what changes you're hoping to make and your concerns and your overall priorities.

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Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: Helping people change . 3rd ed. Guilford Press; 2013.

Bandura A. Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change . Psychol Rev . 1977;84(2):191-215. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191

Randall CL, McNeil DW. Motivational interviewing as an adjunct to cognitive behavior therapy for anxiety disorders: A critical review of the literature . Cogn Behav Pract . 2017;24(3):296-311. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.05.003

Abdollahi S, Faramarzi M, Delavar MA, Bakouei F, Chehrazi M, Gholinia H. Effect of psychotherapy on reduction of fear of childbirth and pregnancy stress: A randomized controlled trial . Front Psychol . 2020;11:787. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00787

Rubak S, Sandbaek A, Lauritzen T, Christensen B. Motivational interviewing: A systematic review and meta-analysis . Br J Gen Pract . 2005;55(513):305-312.

Barnett E, Sussman S, Smith C, Rohrbach L, Spruijt-Metz D. Motivational interviewing for adolescent substance use: A review of the literature . Addict Behav . 2012;37(12):1325-1334. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.07.001

Frost H, Campbell P, Maxwell M, et al. Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing on adult behaviour change in health and social care settings: A systematic review of reviews .  PLoS One . 2018;13(10):e0204890. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204890

Rollnick S, Miller WR. What is motivational interviewing? Behav Cogn Psychother . 1995;23(4):325-334. doi:10.1017/S135246580001643X

By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada.  

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Mohsen Mazidi

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Dr Mohsen Mazidi

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BSc, MSc, PhD, RSS

Genetic Epidemiologist

I am working with the China Kadoorie Biobank to investigate translational applications of human multi-OMICs information to elucidate the aetiology of disease and help guide drug development in areas of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) by applying human genetics (eg through Mendelian randomisation) together with machine learning and advanced epidemiological techniques (personalised medicine).  

I undertook a BSc and MSc degree in Nutrition Science. During my PhD in Nutrition Epidemiology, I examined large national prospective studies and nutritional records within the context of NCDs and related features at the Academy of Science. Alongside PhD training, I investigated the role of modifiable risk factors on risk of NCD mortality. I discovered my passion for the numbers around biology, which led me to focus on personalised medicine.

I then progressed to postdoctoral level and moved to Sweden, where I was trained in applying advanced epidemiological techniques to quantify the role of multi-OMICs and their mediator link between dietary intakes and disease pre-conditions. Before joining Oxford University, I was appointed as a researcher at King's College London, Twins group, as well as having the privilege of working with the unique company, which funds large trials with the hope of progressing personalised medicine/nutrition.

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Webb RJ. et al, (2022), Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis, 32, 605 - 615

Gray’s Surface Anatomy and Ultrasound

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Excellent book. Adequate information provided for clinical practice. Highly recommend

Gray's Surface Anatomy and Ultrasound is a very useful book on surface anatomy. It has clear illustrations that can help understand these difficult aspects of anatomy. In my view, this is one of the best books on surface anatomy.

I really recommend this book for introducing surface anatomy to students. The images are clear and well laid out to coincide with the printed information. The "to do" sections are really useful for encouraging students to get actively involved in their learning and for preparing them for clinical practice. Understanding the surface anatomy is really important for students in healthcare professions because they will start by examining patients from the outside in. So having a concrete and detailed understanding of surface anatomy and how it relates to internal anatomy is invaluable and this book addresses this skill head on.

This book has been a great help while teaching Regional Anatomy courses which have a component where students need to have knowledge over surface anatomy.

Really good for post-graduates

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Michael Iwama, PhD, MSc, BScOT, Presents at Ergotage 2024 in Germany

iwama

Michael Iwama, Ph.D., MSc, BScOT , professor in orthopaedic surgery, recently delivered the keynote address at the German OT Congress (" Ergotage 2024 "). Dr. Iwama is widely recognized for having developed the “ Kawa Model ” (‘Kawa’ is Japanese for ‘River’), the first substantial model of practice in the rehabilitation sciences developed outside the English-speaking world. The Kawa Model is now taught in over 600 health professions education programs internationally and used in practice across six continents.    Dr. Iwama draws on his rich experience of acculturating into Eastern and Western social spheres of experience to drive his profound and critical perspectives on culture and its intersections with theory and practice in the rehabilitation sciences.

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  1. BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD

    Study Advice Before You Apply BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - What do they all mean? BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD - what do they all mean? BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD (and more) are abbreviations of British degrees. They reflect the specific level and discipline of a qualification achieved at university.

  2. British degree abbreviations

    Overview The Frameworks for Higher Education Qualifications of UK Degree-Awarding Bodies lays down five levels of qualification with the title of degree: foundation (not in Scotland), ordinary and honours bachelor's (only separate levels in Scotland), master's and doctoral.

  3. american english

    1 Answer Sorted by: 2 In the US, the Associated Press style uses periods: B.S., M.S., Ph.D., M.D., etc. However, other sources may use a different style, (e.g. PhD). B.Sc. and M.Sc. are not the usual degree abbreviations in the US. Instead use B.S. and M.S. Share Improve this answer Follow answered Mar 24, 2018 at 23:17 Andrew 88.2k 6 98 187 2

  4. What does BA, BSc, MA, MSc, PhD, DPsych, PGDip mean after a therapist's

    PhDs are awarded for programs across the whole breadth of academic fields. As an earned research degree, those studying for a PhD are usually required to produce original research that expands the boundaries of knowledge, normally in the form of a thesis or dissertation, and defend their work against experts in the field.

  5. What's the correct way of writing a higher education title (MSc or M.Sc

    You will find that PhD Ph.D. BSc B.Sc. MSc and M.Sc. are all found. The question linked to handles this for PhD/Ph.D. but the answer covers the rest. The only thing to add to it is to be consistent, so PhD and BSc or Ph.D. and B.Sc., but not one form together with another in the same piece of writing. - Jon Hanna Feb 3, 2013 at 1:29

  6. What does PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc mean?

    1. PhD PhD (also written as Ph.D, Dphil) is an acronym for Doctor of Physolophy in English, meaning Doctor / Philosopher. Dr. is the highest student of all levels, it first appeared in Germany, later used by the US and other Western countries. Recent years PhD has been pooled to generalize people with PhDs in all professions. 2. MD

  7. PhD right after B.E./B.Tech/BSc vs MSc/MS

    The other route one can take is, MSc/MS and then PhD, the advantages would be, it would increase your chances in getting admitted to great universities with great programs, you can choose to not to do the some of the basic courses in your first 1-2 years of PhD and use that extra time to do more research and potentially graduating in 4 yrs in US...

  8. Difference Between a BSc & MSc

    Both a BSc (bachelor of science) and an MSc (master of science) are higher education degrees awarded in scientific subjects. Undergraduates who attend college or university and major in a scientific subject will typically be awarded a BSc degree, while MSc qualifications are reserved for those who complete additional postgraduate study.

  9. How to write your qualifications after your name (UK)

    Doctorate of Philosophy (PhD) ⏩ Master of Business Administration (MBA) ⏩ Master of Arts (MA) ⏩ Master of Science (MSc) ⏩ Medical Degree (MD) ⏩ Bachelor of Science Honours (BSc (Hons)) ⏩ Bachelor of Science (BSc) ⏩ Bachelor of Arts Honours (BA (Hons)) ⏩ Bachelor of Arts (BA) ⏩ Bachelor of Laws (LLB) ⏩ How to write multiple degrees after name ⏩

  10. What title to put on a professional business card, for a person with a PhD

    Dr. Name, PhD, MSc, BSc; Dr. Name, MD, MBChB, BSc DRCOG, MRCGP; The doctorate position and its responsibilities are accompanied with certain rights and privileges including the title and style. You can even have your passport include the Dr. It is a legal right. If you have just earned a doctorate, wear it proudly and congratulations, Dr.

  11. Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD

    Experience. Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a former writer for Verywell Mind covering addictions. Prior to her role at Royal Roads University, Dr. Hartney was the resident psychologist for a Government Mental Health and Substance Use Branch, and she was the project manager for the Birmingham Untreated Heavy Drinkers project, a ...

  12. Jessica Rose

    Jessica Rose. Dr. Jessica Rose is a Canadian researcher with a Bachelor's Degree in Applied Mathematics and a Master's degree in Immunology from Memorial University of Newfoundland. She also holds a PhD in Computational Biology from Bar Ilan University and 2 Post Doctoral degrees: one in Molecular Biology from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem ...

  13. Sir Jim McDonald

    BSc, MSc, PhD, DSc, CEng. Professor Sir Jim McDonald joined Strathclyde University in 1984 following 6 years in the UK electricity utility industry, having worked for SSEB and Scottish Hydro Electric. He was appointed to the Rolls-Royce Chair in Electrical Power Systems in 1993 and led research in advanced electrical power systems.

  14. Motivational Interviewing: Definition, Techniques, and Efficacy

    Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial process. Updated on November 14, 2023. Medically reviewed.

  15. ‪Danjuma Lawal BSc., MSc., PhD.‬

    Danjuma Lawal BSc., MSc., PhD. Associate Professor and Head of Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology. Federal University Verified email at fud.edu.ng Medical and pharmaceutical...

  16. Lucinda CASH-GIBSON

    Full-text available. Oct 2015. Lucinda Cash-Gibson. German Guerra. Nelly Salgado de Synder. Background It is desirable that health researchers have the ability to conduct research on health equity ...

  17. Mohamed Metwally (BSc, MSc, PhD)

    Liked by Mohamed Metwally (BSc, MSc, PhD) Congratulations to the Dr. Dung Bui, Dr.Tan Nguyen, Dr.Hyunsang Yoo and me on the remarkable paper SPE-215934-MS that combines numerical reservoir…

  18. Mohsen Mazidi

    I undertook a BSc and MSc degree in Nutrition Science. During my PhD in Nutrition Epidemiology, I examined large national prospective studies and nutritional records within the context of NCDs and related features at the Academy of Science. Alongside PhD training, I investigated the role of modifiable risk factors on risk of NCD mortality.

  19. Gray's Surface Anatomy and Ultrasound

    Editors: By Claire Smith, BSc, PGCE, PhD, Andrew Dilley, BSc PhD, Barry Mitchell, BSc, MSc, PhD, FIBMS, FIBiol and Richard L. Drake, PhD Publication Date: 25 Aug 2017 Available on ClinicalKey Student 5 reviews . Read now. Share; Update librarian; More. Message; Whatsapp; Mail; Copy link; Description A concise, superbly illustrated (print ...

  20. PhD, MD, MA, MSc, BA, BSc có nghĩa là gì?

    1. PhD 2. MD 3. MA 4. MS hoặc MSc 5. BA 6. BSC 7. BBA là gì? 8. MBA là gì? 1. PhD là gì? PhD (còn được viết là Ph.D, Dphil) là từ viết tắt của cụm Doctor of physolophy trong tiếng Anh, nghĩa là Tiến sĩ/ chuyên gia triết học.

  21. Danjuma LAWAL

    220 Citations Introduction Medical & Pharmaceutical microbiology, herbal medicine, molecular biology, regenerative medicine, stem cell transplantation, stem cell therapy, cell biology, stem cell...

  22. Graham BARNES

    Jan 2009. Graham E. Barnes. An apparatus is described that replicates Atterberg's rolling technique for the determination of the plastic limit of soils by detecting the brittle-plastic transition ...

  23. Michael Iwama, PhD, MSc, BScOT, Presents at Ergotage 2024 in Germany

    Michael Iwama, Ph.D., MSc, BScOT, professor in orthopaedic surgery, recently delivered the keynote address at the German OT Congress ("Ergotage 2024"). Dr. Iwama is widely recognized for having developed the "Kawa Model" ('Kawa' is Japanese for 'River'), the first substantial model of practice in the rehabilitation sciences developed outside the English-speaking world.