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9.3 Organizing Your Writing

Learning objectives.

  • Understand how and why organizational techniques help writers and readers stay focused.
  • Assess how and when to use chronological order to organize an essay.
  • Recognize how and when to use order of importance to organize an essay.
  • Determine how and when to use spatial order to organize an essay.

The method of organization you choose for your essay is just as important as its content. Without a clear organizational pattern, your reader could become confused and lose interest. The way you structure your essay helps your readers draw connections between the body and the thesis, and the structure also keeps you focused as you plan and write the essay. Choosing your organizational pattern before you outline ensures that each body paragraph works to support and develop your thesis.

This section covers three ways to organize body paragraphs:

  • Chronological order
  • Order of importance
  • Spatial order

When you begin to draft your essay, your ideas may seem to flow from your mind in a seemingly random manner. Your readers, who bring to the table different backgrounds, viewpoints, and ideas, need you to clearly organize these ideas in order to help process and accept them.

A solid organizational pattern gives your ideas a path that you can follow as you develop your draft. Knowing how you will organize your paragraphs allows you to better express and analyze your thoughts. Planning the structure of your essay before you choose supporting evidence helps you conduct more effective and targeted research.

Chronological Order

In Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” , you learned that chronological arrangement has the following purposes:

  • To explain the history of an event or a topic
  • To tell a story or relate an experience
  • To explain how to do or to make something
  • To explain the steps in a process

Chronological order is mostly used in expository writing , which is a form of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process. When using chronological order, arrange the events in the order that they actually happened, or will happen if you are giving instructions. This method requires you to use words such as first , second , then , after that , later , and finally . These transition words guide you and your reader through the paper as you expand your thesis.

For example, if you are writing an essay about the history of the airline industry, you would begin with its conception and detail the essential timeline events up until present day. You would follow the chain of events using words such as first , then , next , and so on.

Writing at Work

At some point in your career you may have to file a complaint with your human resources department. Using chronological order is a useful tool in describing the events that led up to your filing the grievance. You would logically lay out the events in the order that they occurred using the key transition words. The more logical your complaint, the more likely you will be well received and helped.

Choose an accomplishment you have achieved in your life. The important moment could be in sports, schooling, or extracurricular activities. On your own sheet of paper, list the steps you took to reach your goal. Try to be as specific as possible with the steps you took. Pay attention to using transition words to focus your writing.

Keep in mind that chronological order is most appropriate for the following purposes:

  • Writing essays containing heavy research
  • Writing essays with the aim of listing, explaining, or narrating
  • Writing essays that analyze literary works such as poems, plays, or books

When using chronological order, your introduction should indicate the information you will cover and in what order, and the introduction should also establish the relevance of the information. Your body paragraphs should then provide clear divisions or steps in chronology. You can divide your paragraphs by time (such as decades, wars, or other historical events) or by the same structure of the work you are examining (such as a line-by-line explication of a poem).

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that describes a process you are familiar with and can do well. Assume that your reader is unfamiliar with the procedure. Remember to use the chronological key words, such as first , second , then , and finally .

Order of Importance

Recall from Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” that order of importance is best used for the following purposes:

  • Persuading and convincing
  • Ranking items by their importance, benefit, or significance
  • Illustrating a situation, problem, or solution

Most essays move from the least to the most important point, and the paragraphs are arranged in an effort to build the essay’s strength. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to begin with your most important supporting point, such as in an essay that contains a thesis that is highly debatable. When writing a persuasive essay, it is best to begin with the most important point because it immediately captivates your readers and compels them to continue reading.

For example, if you were supporting your thesis that homework is detrimental to the education of high school students, you would want to present your most convincing argument first, and then move on to the less important points for your case.

Some key transitional words you should use with this method of organization are most importantly , almost as importantly , just as importantly , and finally .

During your career, you may be required to work on a team that devises a strategy for a specific goal of your company, such as increasing profits. When planning your strategy you should organize your steps in order of importance. This demonstrates the ability to prioritize and plan. Using the order of importance technique also shows that you can create a resolution with logical steps for accomplishing a common goal.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that discusses a passion of yours. Your passion could be music, a particular sport, filmmaking, and so on. Your paragraph should be built upon the reasons why you feel so strongly. Briefly discuss your reasons in the order of least to greatest importance.

Spatial Order

As stated in Chapter 8 “The Writing Process: How Do I Begin?” , spatial order is best used for the following purposes:

  • Helping readers visualize something as you want them to see it
  • Evoking a scene using the senses (sight, touch, taste, smell, and sound)
  • Writing a descriptive essay

Spatial order means that you explain or describe objects as they are arranged around you in your space, for example in a bedroom. As the writer, you create a picture for your reader, and their perspective is the viewpoint from which you describe what is around you.

The view must move in an orderly, logical progression, giving the reader clear directional signals to follow from place to place. The key to using this method is to choose a specific starting point and then guide the reader to follow your eye as it moves in an orderly trajectory from your starting point.

Pay attention to the following student’s description of her bedroom and how she guides the reader through the viewing process, foot by foot.

Attached to my bedroom wall is a small wooden rack dangling with red and turquoise necklaces that shimmer as you enter. Just to the right of the rack is my window, framed by billowy white curtains. The peace of such an image is a stark contrast to my desk, which sits to the right of the window, layered in textbooks, crumpled papers, coffee cups, and an overflowing ashtray. Turning my head to the right, I see a set of two bare windows that frame the trees outside the glass like a 3D painting. Below the windows is an oak chest from which blankets and scarves are protruding. Against the wall opposite the billowy curtains is an antique dresser, on top of which sits a jewelry box and a few picture frames. A tall mirror attached to the dresser takes up most of the wall, which is the color of lavender.

The paragraph incorporates two objectives you have learned in this chapter: using an implied topic sentence and applying spatial order. Often in a descriptive essay, the two work together.

The following are possible transition words to include when using spatial order:

  • Just to the left or just to the right
  • On the left or on the right
  • Across from
  • A little further down
  • To the south, to the east, and so on
  • A few yards away
  • Turning left or turning right

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph using spatial order that describes your commute to work, school, or another location you visit often.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

Key Takeaways

  • The way you organize your body paragraphs ensures you and your readers stay focused on and draw connections to, your thesis statement.
  • A strong organizational pattern allows you to articulate, analyze, and clarify your thoughts.
  • Planning the organizational structure for your essay before you begin to search for supporting evidence helps you conduct more effective and directed research.
  • Chronological order is most commonly used in expository writing. It is useful for explaining the history of your subject, for telling a story, or for explaining a process.
  • Order of importance is most appropriate in a persuasion paper as well as for essays in which you rank things, people, or events by their significance.
  • Spatial order describes things as they are arranged in space and is best for helping readers visualize something as you want them to see it; it creates a dominant impression.

Writing for Success Copyright © 2015 by University of Minnesota is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Organizing Your Writing

Writing for Success

Learning Objectives

  • Understand how and why organizational techniques help writers and readers stay focused.
  • Assess how and when to use chronological order to organize an essay.
  • Recognize how and when to use order of importance to organize an essay.
  • Determine how and when to use spatial order to organize an essay.

The method of organization you choose for your essay is just as important as its content. Without a clear organizational pattern, your reader could become confused and lose interest. The way you structure your essay helps your readers draw connections between the body and the thesis, and the structure also keeps you focused as you plan and write the essay. Choosing your organizational pattern before you outline ensures that each body paragraph works to support and develop your thesis.

This section covers three ways to organize body paragraphs:

  • Chronological order
  • Order of importance
  • Spatial order

When you begin to draft your essay, your ideas may seem to flow from your mind in a seemingly random manner. Your readers, who bring to the table different backgrounds, viewpoints, and ideas, need you to clearly organize these ideas in order to help process and accept them.

A solid organizational pattern gives your ideas a path that you can follow as you develop your draft. Knowing how you will organize your paragraphs allows you to better express and analyze your thoughts. Planning the structure of your essay before you choose supporting evidence helps you conduct more effective and targeted research.

CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER

Chronological arrangement (also called “time order,”) has the following purposes:

  • To explain the history of an event or a topic
  • To tell a story or relate an experience
  • To explain how to do or to make something
  • To explain the steps in a process

Chronological order is mostly used in expository writing, which is a form of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process. When using chronological order, arrange the events in the order that they actually happened, or will happen if you are giving instructions. This method requires you to use words such as first, second, then, after that, later, and finally. These transition words guide you and your reader through the paper as you expand your thesis.

For example, if you are writing an essay about the history of the airline industry, you would begin with its conception and detail the essential timeline events up until present day. You would follow the chain of events using words such as first, then, next, and so on.

WRITING AT WORK

At some point in your career you may have to file a complaint with your human resources department. Using chronological order is a useful tool in describing the events that led up to your filing the grievance. You would logically lay out the events in the order that they occurred using the key transition words. The more logical your complaint, the more likely you will be well received and helped.

Choose an accomplishment you have achieved in your life. The important moment could be in sports, schooling, or extracurricular activities. On your own sheet of paper, list the steps you took to reach your goal. Try to be as specific as possible with the steps you took. Pay attention to using transition words to focus your writing.

Keep in mind that chronological order is most appropriate for the following purposes:

  • Writing essays containing heavy research
  • Writing essays with the aim of listing, explaining, or narrating
  • Writing essays that analyze literary works such as poems, plays, or books

When using chronological order, your introduction should indicate the information you will cover and in what order, and the introduction should also establish the relevance of the information. Your body paragraphs should then provide clear divisions or steps in chronology. You can divide your paragraphs by time (such as decades, wars, or other historical events) or by the same structure of the work you are examining (such as a line-by-line explication of a poem).

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that describes a process you are familiar with and can do well. Assume that your reader is unfamiliar with the procedure. Remember to use the chronological key words, such as first, second, then, and finally.

ORDER OF IMPORTANCE

Order of importance is best used for the following purposes:

  • Persuading and convincing
  • Ranking items by their importance, benefit, or significance
  • Illustrating a situation, problem, or solution

Most essays move from the least to the most important point, and the paragraphs are arranged in an effort to build the essay’s strength. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to begin with your most important supporting point, such as in an essay that contains a thesis that is highly debatable. When writing a persuasive essay, it is best to begin with the most important point because it immediately captivates your readers and compels them to continue reading.

For example, if you were supporting your thesis that homework is detrimental to the education of high school students, you would want to present your most convincing argument first, and then move on to the less important points for your case.

Some key transitional words you should use with this method of organization are most importantly, almost as importantly, just as importantly, and finally.

During your career, you may be required to work on a team that devises a strategy for a specific goal of your company, such as increasing profits. When planning your strategy you should organize your steps in order of importance. This demonstrates the ability to prioritize and plan. Using the order of importance technique also shows that you can create a resolution with logical steps for accomplishing a common goal.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that discusses a passion of yours. Your passion could be music, a particular sport, filmmaking, and so on. Your paragraph should be built upon the reasons why you feel so strongly. Briefly discuss your reasons in the order of least to greatest importance.

SPATIAL ORDER

Spatial order is best used for the following purposes:

  • Helping readers visualize something as you want them to see it
  • Evoking a scene using the senses (sight, touch, taste, smell, and sound)
  • Writing a descriptive essay

Spatial order means that you explain or describe objects as they are arranged around you in your space, for example in a bedroom. As the writer, you create a picture for your reader, and their perspective is the viewpoint from which you describe what is around you.

The view must move in an orderly, logical progression, giving the reader clear directional signals to follow from place to place. The key to using this method is to choose a specific starting point and then guide the reader to follow your eye as it moves in an orderly trajectory from your starting point.

Pay attention to the following student’s description of her bedroom and how she guides the reader through the viewing process, foot by foot.

The paragraph incorporates two objectives you have learned in this chapter: using an implied topic sentence and applying spatial order. Often in a descriptive essay, the two work together.

The following are possible transition words to include when using spatial order:

  • Just to the left or just to the right
  • On the left or on the right
  • Across from
  • A little further down
  • To the south, to the east, and so on
  • A few yards away
  • Turning left or turning right

Key Takeaways

  • The way you organize your body paragraphs ensures you and your readers stay focused on and draw connections to, your thesis statement.
  • A strong organizational pattern allows you to articulate, analyze, and clarify your thoughts.
  • Planning the organizational structure for your essay before you begin to search for supporting evidence helps you conduct more effective and directed research.
  • Chronological order is most commonly used in expository writing. It is useful for explaining the history of your subject, for telling a story, or for explaining a process.
  • Order of importance is most appropriate in a persuasion paper as well as for essays in which you rank things, people, or events by their significance.
  • Spatial order describes things as they are arranged in space and is best for helping readers visualize something as you want them to see it; it creates a dominant impression.

Organizing Your Writing Copyright © 2016 by Writing for Success is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Chronological Order

Chronological arrangement has the following purposes:

  • To explain the history of an event or a topic
  • To tell a story or relate an experience
  • To explain how to do or to make something
  • To explain the steps in a process

Chronological order is mostly used in expository writing, which is a form of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process. When using chronological order, arrange the events in the order that they actually happened, or will happen if you are giving instructions. This method requires you to use words such as first, second, then, after that, later, and finally. These transition words guide you and your reader through the paper as you expand your thesis. For example, if you are writing an essay about the history of the airline industry, you would begin with its conception and detail the essential timeline events up until present day. You would begin with its conception and detail the essential timeline events up until present day. You would follow the chain of events using words such as first, then, next, and so on. Keep in mind that chronological order is most appropriate for the following purposes:

  • Writing essays containing heavy research
  • Writing essays with the aim of listing, explaining, or narrating
  • Writing essays that analyze literary works such as poems, plays, or books

When using chronological order, your introduction should indicate the information you will cover and should also establish the relevance of the information. Your body paragraphs should then provide clear divisions or steps in chronology. You can divide your paragraphs by time (such as decades, wars, or other historical events) or by the same structure of the work you are examining (such as a line-by-line explication of a poem.

Choose an accomplishment you have achieved in your life. The important moment could be in sports, schooling, or extracurricular activities. On your own sheet of paper, list the steps you 25 Return to Table of Contents took to reach your goal. Try to be as specific as possible with the steps you took. Pay attention to using transition words to focus your writing.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that describes a process you are familiar with and can do well. Assume that your reader is unfamiliar with the procedure. Remember to use the chronological key words, such as  first,   second ,  then,  and  finally.

  • Order of Importance
  • Order of importance is best used for the following purposes:
  • Persuading and convincing
  • Ranking items by their importance, benefit, or significance
  • Illustrating a situation, problem, or solution

Most essays move from the least to the most important point, and the paragraphs are arranged in an effort to build the essay’s strength. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to begin with the most important supporting point, such as in an essay that contains a thesis that is highly debatable. When writing a persuasive essay, it is best to begin with the most important point because it immediately captivates your readers and compels them to continue reading. For example, if you were supporting your thesis that homework is detrimental to the education of high school students, you would want to present your most convincing argument first, and then move on to the less important points for your case. During your career, you may be required to work on a team that devises a strategy for a specific goal of your company, such as increasing profits. When planning your strategy you should organize your steps in order of importance. This demonstrates the ability to prioritize and plan. Using the order of importance technique also shows that you can create a resolution with logical steps for accomplishing a common goal.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that discusses a passion of yours. Your passion could be music, a particular sport, filmmaking, and so on. Your paragraph should be built upon the reasons why you feel so strongly. Briefly discuss your reasons in the order of least to greatest importance.

Writing for College Introduction to College Writing with Grammar Skills Review by Cheryl McCormick; Sue Hank; and Ninna Roth is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Chronological Order In Essay Writing

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Table of contents

  • 1 What Is a Chronological Order Essay
  • 2 Chronological Order vs. Sequential Order
  • 3 Importance of Correct Historical Occurrences
  • 4 How to Write a Chronological Paragraph?
  • 5.1 Pick an Idea and Make a Plan
  • 5.2 Use a Variety of Sentence Structures to Keep Your Writing Interesting
  • 5.3 Provide Sufficient Details
  • 5.4 Use Transitional Words and Phrases, Such As “First,” “Next,” and “Then,” to Indicate the Chronological Flow
  • 5.5 Use Headings and Subheadings to Organize Your Essay
  • 5.6 Use Introductory and Concluding Sentences to Signal the Main Points of Each Paragraph
  • 5.7 Use Appropriate Citations and References (Especially for the Historical Essay)
  • 5.8 Maintain a Consistent Timeline and Avoid Jumping Back and Forth in Time
  • 6 Conclusion

Writing a chronological essay is a pure pleasure. This type of university assignment is clear and structured, so knowing the basic requirements, you can easily cope with the task. Essays in chronological order require their author to have deep knowledge of the chosen subject. Not to stray from the course of the story, you need to be a real expert in this niche.

In this article, you will learn what a chronological-order essay is and how to write it. Also, you will find precious tips on making the writing process quick and enjoyable. So here are the milestones of our chronological essay guide:

  • What a chronological order essay is;
  • The difference between chronological and sequential order;
  • Guidelines for chronological paragraph writing;
  • Tips for writing an outstanding chronological essay.

Together we will consider each important point and dispel your doubts about the chronological essays. Without further ado, let’s get it started!

What Is a Chronological Order Essay

A chronological essay is an expository writing that describes historical events or a biography of a specific person. Surprisingly, not only students of the Faculty of History are faced with this type of essay. Whenever you have been given the task of writing about outstanding personalities, talking about your experiences, or presenting a life story or historical event, you will be faced with the need to use chronological order in writing.

This type of narrating writing essay requires you to present information in a logical and structured way. Expository essay writers must state all the events in the order in which they occurred. Moreover, you should dip the reader into the context of the event, explaining to him the background and the outcomes.

Chronological Order vs. Sequential Order

You may think that sequence and chronological order are identical concepts. Don’t worry, you’re not the only one who thinks so. These concepts are strongly related but not identical. Sequential order is based on the order of steps performed and how events occur relative to each other. But what is a chronological order of events?

The chronological timeline tells about the sequence of actions in time-space. Sequential order is well suited for writing step-by-step instructions and listing events. At the same time, the chronological order is excellent for narrating historical events and writing biographies.

Importance of Correct Historical Occurrences

Preliminary research is a solid foundation for your chronological essay. Take information only from reliable and trusted sources respected in science. Avoid unverified facts and loud statements. Make an effort to pre-study to avoid building an essay on false grounds. It may seem that a detailed study will take too much time, but on the contrary, it will save you the effort of rewriting the time order essay.

Check several sources for proof of the integrity of the information you found. Whenever you don’t have enough time for research, consider buying an essay rather than copying random facts from the web. After all, no matter how well you present the events in chronological order, if it does not correspond to reality, then your essay will lose all scientific value.

How to Write a Chronological Paragraph?

You can be assigned to write a chronological paragraph in your paper. This is also a type of chronological writing that you should do right if you need to get a good grade for your essay.

This paragraph should describe the sequence of events that occurred to a specific object or person. These events should be sorted chronologically, from the earliest to the latest. You should present the sequence and make logical transitions between events. This will help readers understand the connections between events and the outcomes of specific things.

You can write about anything interesting, there are almost no topics you should avoid in the essay if they meet the requirements. However, it is better when the subject is interesting to you.

When structuring these paragraphs, students not only present the facts but also explain them as causes and effects. If you don’t see connections between things, you should look closer and do more research.

To write a good chronological paragraph, you need to include crucial elements. Thus, it will be easier to structure the course of events. This guide may not only be used for chronological essays, it’s a rather versatile piece of advice on how to compose a personal statement . Among the integral components are:

  • Topic sentence
  • Important supporting points
  • Chronological progression
  • Coherence of the narrative
  • Summarizing sentence

Topic sentences exist to briefly remind the reader of the main topic of your paper. Give enough detail to put the reader in the context of the chronological sequence essay. Do not jump in time, state all events clearly and unambiguously to maintain logical transitions. End your paragraph by summarizing what has been said so far.

Example of chronological order:

The Second World War was the largest bloody war, in which more than 30 countries participated and left an indelible mark on the history of mankind. (Strong topic sentence.) The prerequisites ( the supporting details ) for this historic event are considered Germany’s course for revenge in the First World War. Events began in September 1939 with the German attack on Poland. ( Chronological progression). The most important event of the Second World War is thought to be the Japanese attack on the United States of America in Pearl Harbor. After six years of fierce fighting, the Nazis were defeated by the Allies, and the war ended with the Japanese surrender on 2nd September 1945. ( Summarizing sentence)

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Tips on Writing a Chronological Essay

You start the writing process by choosing a topic for it. Find an interesting topic that meets your assignment’s requirements, or ask your teacher to give you a topic.

If you are stuck with creating this paper, you can use an essay editing service to prepare it. Its writers have experience working on chronological essays, they can help you with narrative and cause-and-effect paper .

Then you should research and find as much information on your topic as possible. Collect this information in a well-organized format so you can reference any of it if needed, and don’t forget to keep the dates of all events.

Pick an Idea and Make a Plan

If you need to create informative essays about a specific historical event, you should start from the beginning of this event or even with earlier events that lead to it. If a particular group organizes an event, tell the motives of this group, how they got to this idea, and how they started working on it. Then write about each step from the beginning to the conclusion of this event and arrange the events in chronological order.

Use a Variety of Sentence Structures to Keep Your Writing Interesting

If you only use simple sentences or start each sentence with the word «then», your writing will be boring to read. PapersOwl specialists advise studying several chronological ordering examples to understand the linking words and the structuring strategy. Use different stylistic devices as well as different types of complex sentences.

Provide Sufficient Details

Provide your reader with the full context of the story in time-order paragraphs. To understand the course of action of the chronological essay, the reader must be aware of the background and cause of historical events. At the same time, try not to overload your compositions with unnecessary details.

Use Transitional Words and Phrases, Such As “First,” “Next,” and “Then,” to Indicate the Chronological Flow

Sequencers help keep the story logical, they’re keywords for chronological order that make the essay flow smoothly. Use transitional words to direct the reader through the flow of your story. Don’t forget to use different expressions to avoid tautology.

Use Headings and Subheadings to Organize Your Essay

Provide clear divisions so that the paper becomes much more readable. Large arrays of text always repel the reader, so use a proper chronological structure. Also, headings and subheadings will help you further structure your essay.

Use Introductory and Concluding Sentences to Signal the Main Points of Each Paragraph

A thesis statement that summarizes the main message of your chronological essays should be restructured and repeated several times during writing. This technique is used by writers to express the main idea of the essay in the introduction and throughout the text. The thesis proposal should be catchy and memorable.

Use Appropriate Citations and References (Especially for the Historical Essay)

There could be many sources of false information on the Internet. Students should check information and put only proven citations into the chronological expositions. We know it could be challenging to deal with citation norms, so we’re always ready to write your paper for you . Be sure to check the accuracy of the quotes and the veracity of the facts you refer to.

Maintain a Consistent Timeline and Avoid Jumping Back and Forth in Time

When you have the list of essential timeline events, you can arrange the events in the order in which they happened. It helps you to use the correct order in an essay from the earliest events in your story to the latest. You can use simple editors or a spreadsheet for sorting lists.

When you write a chronological essay, nothing may cause you problems if you are well-oriented to the chosen subject. You should carefully choose topics for writing, do not forget about the preliminary study, and double-check the sources you use.

After reading our guide in detail, you will undoubtedly be able to write a decent chronological essay. However, even if you find it difficult to find inspiration for writing, this is not a problem either, as you can resort to exposition editing services. Remember that an experienced team of professionals is always ready to help you with heavy research writing essays.

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4.3 Organizing Your Writing

Learning objectives.

  • Understand how and why organizational techniques help writers and readers stay focused.
  • Assess how and when to use chronological order to organize an essay.
  • Recognize how and when to use order of importance to organize an essay.
  • Determine how and when to use spatial order to organize an essay.

The method of organization you choose for your essay is just as important as its content. Without a clear organizational pattern, your reader could become confused and lose interest. The way you structure your essay helps your readers draw connections between the body and the thesis, and the structure also keeps you focused as you plan and write the essay. Choosing your organizational pattern before you outline ensures that each body paragraph works to support and develop your thesis.

This section covers three ways to organize body paragraphs:

  • Chronological order
  • Order of importance
  • Spatial order

When you begin to draft your essay, your ideas may seem to flow from your mind in a seemingly random manner. Your readers, who bring to the table different backgrounds, viewpoints, and ideas, need you to clearly organize these ideas in order to help process and accept them.

A solid organizational pattern gives your ideas a path that you can follow as you develop your draft. Knowing how you will organize your paragraphs allows you to better express and analyze your thoughts. Planning the structure of your essay before you choose supporting evidence helps you conduct more effective and targeted research.

Chronological Order

In Chapter 3: The Writing Process: Where Do I Begin? Section Overview , you learned that chronological arrangement has the following purposes:

  • To explain the history of an event or a topic
  • To tell a story or relate an experience
  • To explain how to do or to make something
  • To explain the steps in a process

Chronological order is mostly used in expository writing , which is a form of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process. When using chronological order, arrange the events in the order that they actually happened, or will happen if you are giving instructions. This method requires you to use words such as first , second , then , after that , later , and finally . These transition words guide you and your reader through the paper as you expand your thesis.

For example, if you are writing an essay about the history of the airline industry, you would begin with its conception and detail the essential timeline events up until present day. You would follow the chain of events using words such as first , then , next , and so on.

Connecting the Pieces: Writing at Work

At some point in your career you may have to file a complaint with your human resources department. Using chronological order is a useful tool in describing the events that led up to your filing the grievance. You would logically lay out the events in the order that they occurred using the key transition words. The more logical your complaint, the more likely you will be well received and helped.

Choose an accomplishment you have achieved in your life. The important moment could be in sports, schooling, or extracurricular activities. On your own sheet of paper, list the steps you took to reach your goal. Try to be as specific as possible with the steps you took. Pay attention to using transition words to focus your writing.

Keep in mind that chronological order is most appropriate for the following purposes:

  • Writing essays containing heavy research
  • Writing essays with the aim of listing, explaining, or narrating
  • Writing essays that analyze literary works such as poems, plays, or books

When using chronological order, your introduction should indicate the information you will cover and in what order, and the introduction should also establish the relevance of the information. Your body paragraphs should then provide clear divisions or steps in chronology. You can divide your paragraphs by time (such as decades, wars, or other historical events) or by the same structure of the work you are examining (such as a line-by-line explication of a poem).

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that describes a process you are familiar with and can do well. Assume that your reader is unfamiliar with the procedure. Remember to use the chronological key words, such as first , second , then , and finally .

Order of Importance

Recall from Chapter 3: The Writing Process: Where Do I Begin? that  order of importance  is best used for the following purposes:

  • Persuading and convincing
  • Ranking items by their importance, benefit, or significance
  • Illustrating a situation, problem, or solution

Most essays move from the least to the most important point, and the paragraphs are arranged in an effort to build the essay’s strength. Sometimes, however, it is necessary to begin with your most important supporting point, such as in an essay that contains a thesis that is highly debatable. When writing a persuasive essay, it is best to begin with the most important point because it immediately captivates your readers and compels them to continue reading.

For example, if you were supporting your thesis that homework is detrimental to the education of high school students, you would want to present your most convincing argument first, and then move on to the less important points for your case.

Some key transitional words you should use with this method of organization are most importantly , almost as importantly , just as importantly , and finally .

During your career, you may be required to work on a team that devises a strategy for a specific goal of your company, such as increasing profits. When planning your strategy you should organize your steps in order of importance. This demonstrates the ability to prioritize and plan. Using the order of importance technique also shows that you can create a resolution with logical steps for accomplishing a common goal.

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that discusses a passion of yours. Your passion could be music, a particular sport, filmmaking, and so on. Your paragraph should be built upon the reasons why you feel so strongly. Briefly discuss your reasons in the order of least to greatest importance.

Spatial Order

As stated in Chapter 3: The Writing Process: Where Do I Begin? , spatial order  is best used for the following purposes:

  • Helping readers visualize something as you want them to see it
  • Evoking a scene using the senses (sight, touch, taste, smell, and sound)
  • Writing a descriptive essay

Spatial order means that you explain or describe objects as they are arranged around you in your space, for example in a bedroom. As the writer, you create a picture for your reader, and their perspective is the viewpoint from which you describe what is around you.

The view must move in an orderly, logical progression, giving the reader clear directional signals to follow from place to place. The key to using this method is to choose a specific starting point and then guide the reader to follow your eye as it moves in an orderly trajectory from your starting point.

Pay attention to the following student’s description of her bedroom and how she guides the reader through the viewing process, foot by foot.

Attached to my bedroom wall is a small wooden rack dangling with red and turquoise necklaces that shimmer as you enter. Just to the right of the rack is my window, framed by billowy white curtains. The peace of such an image is a stark contrast to my desk, which sits to the right of the window, layered in textbooks, crumpled papers, coffee cups, and an overflowing ashtray. Turning my head to the right, I see a set of two bare windows that frame the trees outside the glass like a 3D painting. Below the windows is an oak chest from which blankets and scarves are protruding. Against the wall opposite the billowy curtains is an antique dresser, on top of which sits a jewelry box and a few picture frames. A tall mirror attached to the dresser takes up most of the wall, which is the color of lavender.

The paragraph incorporates two objectives you have learned in this chapter: using an implied topic sentence and applying spatial order. Often in a descriptive essay, the two work together.

The following are possible transition words to include when using spatial order:

  • Just to the left or just to the right
  • On the left or on the right
  • Across from
  • A little further down
  • To the south, to the east, and so on
  • A few yards away
  • Turning left or turning right

On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph using spatial order that describes your commute to work, school, or another location you visit often.

Collaboration

Please share with a classmate and compare your answers.

Key Takeaways

  • The way you organize your body paragraphs ensures you and your readers stay focused on and draw connections to, your thesis statement.
  • A strong organizational pattern allows you to articulate, analyze, and clarify your thoughts.
  • Planning the organizational structure for your essay before you begin to search for supporting evidence helps you conduct more effective and directed research.
  • Chronological order is most commonly used in expository writing. It is useful for explaining the history of your subject, for telling a story, or for explaining a process.
  • Order of importance is most appropriate in a persuasion paper as well as for essays in which you rank things, people, or events by their significance.
  • Spatial order describes things as they are arranged in space and is best for helping readers visualize something as you want them to see it; it creates a dominant impression.

Putting the Pieces Together Copyright © 2020 by Andrew Stracuzzi and André Cormier is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License , except where otherwise noted.

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Ordering Information in the Body of the Essay

Choosing a Logical Order for Ideas - Once you have your thesis and your groups of supporting information with topic sentence ideas, you can determine the best possible order in which to present them in the essay. To determine the most logical shape or order, ask and answer these questions:

  • Is there a basic topic sentence idea that you should present first, before you explain the others, because the reader needs its information as background and because the other topic sentence ideas build upon it?
  • Are there some topic sentences and groups of information that are more important than others? Can you discern a logical pattern, either in ascending or descending order of importance?
  • Are there some topic sentences and groups of information that normally come first in a time sequence?

Order of complexity, order of importance, and time order are three basic, logical ways of shaping ideas to help the reading audience follow the flow of thought.

For example, consider the sample topic sentence, Adults returning to college face time, study, emotional, and family problems. Assuming that the order of the topic sentences in the support follows the order of ideas in the thesis, are these ideas arranged in a logical order? There doesn't seem to be any idea that has to be explained first. Also, each of the topic sentences that could be developed from this thesis seems equally complex. And the ideas don't exist in any type of chronological order.  So how do you determine a logical shape and order of ideas for this essay? One way is to move from the problems that affect just one person, the student, to the problems that affect the whole family (emotional problems, study skills, juggling work and family, changing family roles).  Another way is to move from the problems that can be dealt with more directly to those that are more complex to deal with (study skills, juggling work and family, changing family roles, emotional problems). The point here is that there needs to be some rationale or logical connection for ordering the ideas in the essay so that the essay's shape makes sense to others. And, whatever way the writer chooses, he/she then needs to align the order of ideas in the thesis to reflect the actual order of ideas in the support in order to complete the essay's logical shape.

Emphasis as a Means of Ordering Information in an Essay

Emphasis, according to the American Heritage Dictionary, is a "special importance or significance placed upon . . . something." You can choose to emphasize different things in an essay by choosing where to place the essay's main ideas (the thesis and topic sentence ideas).

You emphasize main ideas when you place them at the start of the essay or the unit of support. If you place the thesis toward the start of the essay and the topic sentences toward the start of each unit of support, you gear all of the support toward proving those main ideas. Emphasizing main ideas by placing them first is called deduction, which creates a general-to-specific structure in the essay by placing the major information first. Deduction helps you focus on an argument and create a case, as it requires you to develop support around a main point.

For example:

The Impatient Silent Twitchers form an interesting group of line-standers because of their variety. The Wristwatch Checkers are the mildest sub-group of this larger group. Their bodies remain quiet except for the one arm where that powerful necessity, the wristwatch, sits. Maybe that the electric battery in the watch emits tiny electrical impulses to the nerves, but whatever it is, something creates a knee-jerk reaction in the arm to make the Wristwatch Checker's elbow defy gravity every minute and a half. Wristwatch Checkers are dangerous only in busy lines that wind back on themselves. As long as you're far enough away from them, though, they can make good line companions on warm, windless days.

You emphasize the method of reasoning and the particulars of the support as opposed to the main idea when you place the main ideas at the end of the essay or the unit of support. Main ideas still remain important when you place them at the end, but you offer them more as logical outcomes than as initial arguments (so the emphasis has changed). Putting the main idea at the end is called induction, which moves from specific information to general conclusions. Induction may help you present a controversial thesis to your reading audience. For example, if you were in favor of banning smoking in the doorways outside of buildings, you'd probably alienate many in your audience by placing that main idea first. But if you presented your support and lead into the main idea, your reading audience (smokers included!) might see the logic of your case (even if they didn't agree).

Some people stand in line quietly except for one arm which they constantly move up and down. These people check their wristwatches persistently, usually in regular short intervals which seem to become shorter as the line wait gets longer. Their arms jerk upward compulsively, elbows thrust out to the side, while their heads go down simultaneously. As the spasms subside, they usually accompany the arm's return to position by tapping their feet, exhaling loud breaths, or fidgeting in some other way. The Wristwatch Checkers are the subtlest and mildest members of the Impatient Silent Twitchers group of line-standers; they lend variety to a group whose movements usually are more pronounced.

You emphasize major ideas and method equally when you place main ideas in the middle of the essay or unit of support. In this case, the main idea exists neither as a generating point for the essay nor as a logical conclusion. Instead, it's a fulcrum which both grows out of and generates more particular support.

Imagine a sultry day. Imagine having to stand in a slow line to cash your paycheck after hours at an ATM. Imagine, all of a sudden, feeling a slight but steady breeze. The trees are not affected; where is the breeze coming from? After a while you realize that you're getting fanned by the arm motions of the Wristwatch Checkers, the mildest group of the Impatient Silent Twitchers, an interesting group of line-standers. Their bodies remain quiet except for one arm where that powerful necessity, the wristwatch, sits. It may be the battery's impulses to the nerves that causes the twitch, but whatever it is, something creates that urge to make the arm defy gravity every minute and a half. On a hot day, though, you'll be grateful for whatever causes their compulsion to make the line move by checking the time as that slight breeze wafts your way.

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Essay #3: Structure and Organization

How does one organize an essay about two different texts?

To begin, let me state the obvious:   Before you begin to draft your essay, you MUST have a plan!   It doesn’t matter whether your plan is a traditional outline or just a list of body paragraph ideas, but you need to sketch out the structure of your essay before you begin to write.

When I write a paper, I start by collecting the  “textual evidence”  that I want to use (all the quotations and examples from the text that address my question).  Then I sort the evidence into different paragraphs, based on the idea that each piece of evidence illustrates or supports.  Then I decide what order of paragraphs would be most effective.  This means that before I begin writing my first draft I already know what idea each body paragraph will be exploring, what textual evidence I will be including in each body paragraph, and what order I will be presenting my ideas in.

For your final essays, you have two different possible paths for organizing your body paragraphs:   The Sequential Option  and  The Alternating Option .  I describe both below.  The alternating option is slightly more challenging to execute.  It works best when you discover that your texts are very closely aligned and that the ideas you have about one text hold true for the other text as well.  Do not “mix and match.”  Choose one of these structures, and stick with it!  These examples each have three ideas.  I just stopped at three because that was enough to make my point; I would imagine that you would have at least three ideas for each of the texts you’re writing about.  By “ideas,” I mean claims about the text that respond to your over-arching question.  Each of these ideas gets its own body paragraph.  You will notice that in both options, only the introduction and conclusion discuss the two texts together in a single paragraph.  Each body paragraph focuses on a single text.

The Sequential Option 

1.Introduction:  Lays out your question in relation to both Text A and Text B

2. Text A – Idea #1

3. Text A – Idea #2

4. Text A – Idea #3

5. Text B – Idea #1

6. Text B – Idea #2

7. Text B- Idea #3

8. Conclusion – Brings together Texts A and B, recaps the argument you have made in the body of your paper,  and  provides an answer to the “so what?” question.  What are the implications of what you have shown us in this essay? What do we learn from it?

The Alternating Option

1.Introduction – Lays out your question in relation to both Text A and Text B

3. Text B – Idea #1

4. Text A – Idea #2

5. Text B – Idea #2

6. Text A – Idea #3

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MLA Works Cited Page: Basic Format

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According to MLA style, you must have a Works Cited page at the end of your research paper. All entries in the Works Cited page must correspond to the works cited in your main text.

Basic rules

  • Begin your Works Cited page on a separate page at the end of your research paper. It should have the same one-inch margins and last name, page number header as the rest of your paper.
  • Only the title should be centered. The citation entries themselves should be aligned with the left margin.
  • Double space all citations, but do not skip spaces between entries.
  • Indent the second and subsequent lines of citations by 0.5 inches to create a hanging indent.
  • List page numbers of sources efficiently, when needed. If you refer to a journal article that appeared on pages 225 through 250, list the page numbers on your Works Cited page as pp. 225-50 (Note: MLA style dictates that you should omit the first sets of repeated digits. In our example, the digit in the hundreds place is repeated between 2 25 and 2 50, so you omit the 2 from 250 in the citation: pp. 225-50). If the excerpt spans multiple pages, use “pp.”   Note that MLA style uses a hyphen in a span of pages.
  • If only one page of a print source is used, mark it with the abbreviation “p.” before the page number (e.g., p. 157). If a span of pages is used, mark it with the abbreviation “pp.” before the page number (e.g., pp. 157-68).
  • If you're citing an article or a publication that was originally issued in print form but that you retrieved from an online database, you should type the online database name in italics. You do not need to provide subscription information in addition to the database name.
  • For online sources, you should include a location to show readers where you found the source. Many scholarly databases use a DOI (digital object identifier). Use a DOI in your citation if you can; otherwise use a URL. Delete “http://” from URLs. The DOI or URL is usually the last element in a citation and should be followed by a period.
  • All works cited entries end with a period.

Additional basic rules new to MLA 2021

New to MLA 2021:

  • Apps and databases should be cited only when they are containers of the particular works you are citing, such as when they are the platforms of publication of the works in their entirety, and not an intermediary that redirects your access to a source published somewhere else, such as another platform. For example, the Philosophy Books app should be cited as a container when you use one of its many works, since the app contains them in their entirety. However, a PDF article saved to the Dropbox app is published somewhere else, and so the app should not be cited as a container.
  • If it is important that your readers know an author’s/person’s pseudonym, stage-name, or various other names,  then you should generally cite the better-known form of author’s/person’s name. For example, since the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland is better-known by his pseudonym, cite Lewis Carroll opposed to Charles Dodgson (real name).
  • For annotated bibliographies , annotations should be appended at the end of a source/entry with one-inch indentations from where the entry begins. Annotations may be written as concise phrases or complete sentences, generally not exceeding one paragraph in length.

Capitalization and punctuation

  • Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (the, an), prepositions, or conjunctions unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle: Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose .
  • Use italics (instead of underlining) for titles of larger works (books, magazines) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (poems, articles)

Listing author names

Entries are listed alphabetically by the author's last name (or, for entire edited collections, editor names). Author names are written with the last name first, then the first name, and then the middle name or middle initial when needed:

Do not  list titles (Dr., Sir, Saint, etc.) or degrees (PhD, MA, DDS, etc.) with names. A book listing an author named "John Bigbrain, PhD" appears simply as "Bigbrain, John." Do, however, include suffixes like "Jr." or "II." Putting it all together, a work by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. would be cited as "King, Martin Luther, Jr." Here the suffix following the first or middle name and a comma.

More than one work by an author

If you have cited more than one work by a particular author, order the entries alphabetically by title, and use three hyphens in place of the author's name for every entry after the first:

Burke, Kenneth. A Grammar of Motives . [...]

---. A Rhetoric of Motives . [...]

When an author or collection editor appears both as the sole author of a text and as the first author of a group, list solo-author entries first:

Heller, Steven, ed. The Education of an E-Designer .

Heller, Steven, and Karen Pomeroy. Design Literacy: Understanding Graphic Design.

Work with no known author

Alphabetize works with no known author by their title; use a shortened version of the title in the parenthetical citations in your paper. In this case, Boring Postcards USA has no known author:

Baudrillard, Jean. Simulacra and Simulations.  [...]

Boring Postcards USA  [...]

Burke, Kenneth. A Rhetoric of Motives . [...] 

Work by an author using a pseudonym or stage-name

New to MLA 9th edition, there are now steps to take for citing works by an author or authors using a pseudonym, stage-name, or different name. 

If the person you wish to cite is well-known, cite the better-known form of the name of the author. For example, since Lewis Carroll is  not only a pseudonym of Charles Dodgson , but also the better-known form of the author’s name, cite the former name opposed to the latter. 

If the real name of the author is less well-known than their pseudonym, cite the author’s pseudonym in square brackets following the citation of their real name: “Christie, Agatha [Mary Westmacott].”

Authors who published various works under many names may be cited under a single form of the author’s name. When the form of the name you wish to cite differs from that which appears on the author’s work, include the latter in square brackets following an italicized published as : “Irving, Washington [ published as Knickerbocker, Diedrich].”.

Another acceptable option, in cases where there are only two forms of the author’s name, is to cite both forms of the author’s names as separate entries along with cross-references in square brackets: “Eliot, George [ see also Evans, Mary Anne].”.

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  • Provide detailed instructions regarding the essay. This includes the topic, academic level, word count, formatting style, and any guidelines or sources that must be followed or included.

Choosing a Writer

  • 99papers.com allows you to select writers based on their expertise and previous work. You can review writer profiles, ratings, and customer feedback to make an informed choice.

Making Payment

  • Once the writer is chosen, proceed with the payment. 99papers.com offers secure payment options, ensuring the transaction is safe and confidential.

What to Expect After Placing an Order

After placing your order, 99papers.com ensures a smooth and communicative process:

  • Order Confirmation : You will receive an order confirmation acknowledging your request is being processed.
  • Ongoing Communication : You can communicate directly with your writer throughout the writing process. This open line of communication allows you to provide additional information, clarify requirements, or ask for updates.
  • Drafts and Revisions : Depending on your arrangement and the nature of the essay, you might receive drafts for review. This step is crucial for ensuring the essay meets your expectations and academic standards.
  • Final Delivery : Upon completion, the final version of the essay is delivered. You are encouraged to review it thoroughly to ensure it meets your requirements. 99papers.com typically offers a revision period, during which any necessary adjustments can be made.
  • Customer Support : In case of any queries or issues, 99papers.com’s customer support is available to provide assistance and resolve any concerns.

Ordering an essay online, especially with a service like 99papers.com, streamlines the academic writing process, offering quality, convenience, and tailored service. This method saves time and provides a learning experience, as you can engage with professional writers and enhance your understanding of academic writing.

Factors to Consider When You Order an Essay

When it comes to ordering an essay online, there are several key factors that students must consider to ensure they receive a product that is not only of high quality but also offers value for money and adheres to their time constraints. Here, we will explore these factors with a focus on the services provided by 99papers.com.

Quality and Expertise of Writers

The cornerstone of any reputable essay writing service is the caliber of its writers. At 99papers.com, the quality and expertise of writers are given paramount importance. The platform boasts a diverse team of professionals, each with advanced degrees in their respective fields. This academic proficiency ensures they are well-equipped to handle complex subjects and adhere to various academic writing standards.

  • Diverse Academic Backgrounds : Writers at 99papers.com come from a broad spectrum of academic disciplines, enabling them to tackle a wide range of topics effectively.
  • Rigorous Selection Process : The selection process for writers is stringent, ensuring that only those with proven writing skills and subject matter expertise are onboarded.
  • Continuous Performance Evaluation : Writers’ performances are regularly evaluated based on customer feedback and quality checks, ensuring consistent, high-quality output.

Price: How to Order an Essay Cheap

Cost-effectiveness is a crucial consideration for students. 99papers.com understands this and strives to provide affordable options without compromising on quality.

  • Flexible Pricing : The pricing structure at 99papers.com is designed to accommodate various budgets, offering different levels of writing services at competitive rates.
  • Transparent Pricing Policy : There are no hidden charges. The price you see is what you pay, including revisions and necessary edits.
  • Discounts and Offers : Keep an eye out for seasonal discounts, loyalty programs, or special offers, which can significantly reduce the cost of your order.

Deadline Management

Timely delivery is critical to essay writing services, especially for students who face tight deadlines.

  • Deadline Adherence : 99papers.com places a strong emphasis on meeting deadlines. The writers are trained to work efficiently and effectively, ensuring that essays are completed within the stipulated time frame.
  • Regular Updates : The service keeps clients informed about the progress of their orders, providing peace of mind and the opportunity to intervene early if there are any concerns about meeting deadlines.
  • Urgent Orders : 99papers.com offers an expedited service for extremely tight deadlines, where essays can be delivered within a few hours without sacrificing the quality of the work.

In conclusion, when ordering an essay from 99papers.com, it’s crucial to consider the writers’ expertise, the pricing, and the service’s ability to manage deadlines effectively. These factors are integral to ensuring that you receive a high-quality essay that meets your academic requirements, offers good value for money, and is delivered within your required timeframe.

The Order of Writing an Essay: A Professional Approach

Understanding the structure.

The structure of an academic essay is fundamental to its effectiveness. A well-organized essay facilitates clarity and coherence, seamlessly guiding the reader through the writer’s arguments and conclusions. The standard structure typically includes the following components:

  • Introduction : This opening section sets the stage for the essay. It introduces the topic, provides background information, and presents the thesis statement, which outlines the central argument or purpose of the essay.
  • Body Paragraphs : Each body paragraph should focus on a single idea or point that supports the thesis. These paragraphs should include topic sentences, evidence or examples, and an analysis that ties the evidence back to the main argument.
  • Conclusion : The conclusion summarizes the essay’s key points and restates the thesis in light of the evidence presented. It should provide a final perspective on the topic and, if applicable, suggest implications, future research, or practical applications.

The Role of Research and Originality

Research and originality are the bedrock of academic essay writing. At 99papers.com, these aspects are given utmost importance for a few key reasons:

  • Foundation of Arguments : Research provides the foundation for arguments, ensuring that evidence, data, or scholarly work supports claims.
  • Depth of Analysis : Thorough research allows for a deeper analysis and understanding of the topic, contributing to more insightful and meaningful discussions in the essay.
  • Originality and Plagiarism Avoidance : Originality is crucial in academic writing. Essays must be unique creations of the writer, not rehashed or copied content. 99papers.com enforces strict anti-plagiarism policies, ensuring that all essays are original and appropriately cited sources.

Drafting and Revisions

Drafting and revising an essay is iterative and critical to producing a high-quality final product. At 99papers.com, this process involves several steps:

  • Initial Drafting : Based on the essay requirements and research, writers create an initial draft that captures the main arguments and structure of the essay. This draft may not be perfect, but it serves as a framework for the essay.
  • Review and Feedback : The draft is then reviewed, either by the writer, a peer, or the client. Feedback at this stage focuses on improving the essay’s clarity, coherence, and argumentative strength.
  • Revisions : Based on the feedback, revisions are made. This may involve reworking sections of the essay, refining arguments, improving transitions, and ensuring that the thesis is well-supported throughout the essay.
  • Final Review : The revised draft undergoes a last review to check for any remaining issues, such as grammatical errors, formatting inconsistencies, or lapses in logic.
  • Delivery to Client : Once the essay meets the quality standards and adheres to the client’s requirements, it is delivered to the client. 99papers.com also allows for additional revisions if the client requires further modifications.

This structured approach ensures that each essay is thoughtfully composed, thoroughly researched, and meticulously revised, resulting in a well-crafted and academically sound piece of writing.

Tips for Placing Your Order

When placing an order for an essay, primarily through a service like 99papers.com, ensuring the process is smooth and that the final product meets your expectations is essential. Here are some practical tips to help in this regard:

Communicating with the Writer

  • Open Dialogue : Maintain open and continuous communication with your assigned writer. This helps clarify doubts and ensures that the writer fully understands your expectations.
  • Feedback : Be prompt in providing feedback or answering any queries the writer may have. This can significantly impact the quality and relevance of the essay.

Providing Clear Instructions

  • Detailed Guidelines : Provide comprehensive and clear guidelines about your essay requirements, including the topic, preferred writing style, format, and any specific points or arguments that must be addressed.
  • Supplementary Materials : If you have specific sources or reference materials you want the writer to use, provide them. This ensures that the content aligns with your academic or personal perspective.

Setting Realistic Deadlines

  • Allow Ample Time : Set a realistic deadline that allows sufficient time for the writer to produce quality work. Remember that quality writing can’t be rushed.
  • Consider Revisions : Factor in time for potential revisions. Setting a deadline a few days before the submission date is wise to accommodate any last-minute changes.

Ethical Considerations in Ordering Essays

Using essay writing services like 99papers.com involves specific ethical considerations. It’s essential to use these services responsibly.

Maintaining Academic Integrity

  • Guidance, Not Replacement : Use the ordered essay as a guide or a reference for your work rather than submitting it as your own. This approach helps in maintaining academic integrity.
  • Learning Tool : Utilize the essay as a learning tool to understand the structure, style, and composition of academic writing.

99papers.com’s Ethical Standards

  • Originality Assurance : 99papers.com ensures that all essays are written from scratch, providing unique and plagiarism-free content.
  • Confidentiality : The service maintains strict confidentiality, protecting your personal and academic information.
  • Responsible Use : 99papers.com advocates for the responsible use of their services, emphasizing that the essays provided should serve as models or references.

Following these tips and considering the ethical implications, you can use essay writing services like 99papers.com. This approach helps you achieve your academic goals and ensures that you do so responsibly and ethically.

In summary, the landscape of academic writing and management has been significantly enhanced by the advent of online essay-writing services like 99papers.com. These services have become invaluable resources for students seeking to navigate the complexities and demands of academic life. Throughout this article, we have explored various aspects of ordering essays online, underscoring the practicality and benefits of such services.

Key Points Discussed:

  • Time Management and Academic Pressure : We highlighted how services like 99papers.com can alleviate academic stress and assist in managing time more efficiently.
  • Expertise and Quality : The emphasis on the qualifications and expertise of writers at 99papers.com ensures high-quality, well-researched, and professionally crafted essays.
  • Ordering Process : We outlined the straightforward and user-friendly process of ordering essays on 99papers.com, from selecting the type of essay to making payments and communicating with writers.
  • Ethical Considerations : The discussion on ethical considerations reinforced the importance of using these services responsibly, emphasizing maintaining academic integrity.

Benefits of Using 99papers.com:

  • Access to Skilled Writers : Students gain access to a pool of talented writers specializing in various academic fields.
  • Customization and Originality : Each essay is tailored to meet specific requirements, ensuring originality and relevance.
  • Time-Efficient : The service provides a solution for students who are pressed for time or need to focus on other academic or personal commitments.
  • Confidentiality and Reliability : 99papers.com maintains a high standard of privacy and reliability, giving students peace of mind.

Given these insights, we encourage readers to order their following essays online. Platforms like 99papers.com offer a pragmatic solution to academic challenges and provide learning and intellectual growth opportunities. Whether managing tight deadlines, needing guidance on complex topics, or seeking to improve writing skills, 99papers.com is a trustworthy and beneficial resource for students in their academic journey.

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  • February 2013
  • October 2012
  • September 2012
  • August 2012
  • Top services
  • MyAdmissionsEssay
  • GradeMiners
  • EssayService

Top 7 Essay Writing Services: Reviews of the Best College Paper Sites

Need help writing a resume or essay? We have unbiased reviews of the highest-rated writing services in 2023! Check them out!

TrustPilot

We will compare the prices and features of some top essay writing services in the US. These websites are the most dependable and well-known for hiring professional essay writers. However, each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Penning essays appears effortless until you have to craft one yourself. As you already know, academic writing encompasses many complexities, including various types of essays with specific purposes and lengths.

Additionally, many students lack the time to write essays. Fortunately, professional essay writing service are available to ease your workload by handling general academic writing for you. We will evaluate some top paper writing services in the US, comparing their prices and features. These websites are the most dependable and well-known sources for hiring professional essay writers. However, each has its own strengths and weaknesses.

Here are the 7 best online essay writing services:

EssayPro

EssayPro – Good Essay Writing Service!

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ExtraEssay – Affordable service at the best price!

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PaperHelp

PaperHelp – A great place to buy dissertations and research papers!

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Timely delivery from just 3 hours

Degreed writers

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Loyalty Program goodies

GradeMiners

GradeMiners – Personal statements at their best!

Information about customers is confidential and never disclosed to third parties.

We complete all papers from scratch. You can get a plagiarism report.

No missed deadlines – 97% of assignments are complete in time.

At GradeMiners, you can communicate directly with your writer on a no-name basis.

Your personal details remain confidential and won’t be disclosed to the writer or other parties.

Studdit

Studdit - Website for essay writing in the U.S. that has the best overall ratings!

Our deadlines start at just 3 hours.

Each writer has either MB or PhD diploma and writing certificates.

We write from scratch and keep all your information a secret.

Get alerts to know about order statuses change on the go.

Discuss details with your writer on the order page in real time.

Email, call, or chat with our managers day-and-night.

MyAdmissionEssay

MyAdmissionsEssays – Discounts on first orders!

Budget-friendly prices

Fast, timely delivery

Writing from scratch

Discounts & freebies

Personalized approach

EssayService

EssayService – For quick delivery, there is no better choice!

Student Friendly Pricing & Refund Policy

High-Quality Academic Writing

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We are ranked Studdit as the best essay writing service in the U.S. overall

Studdit is our top pick for the best essay writing company in the US, offering an impressive combination of benefits.

When searching for an online paper writer, certain elements are crucial and Stddit excels in most of these areas, including high-quality writing, fast turnaround time, and reasonable prices for top-notch services.

Studdit Service

Essays come in various forms with unique requirements. While all papers require some research, many essays require extensive research.

If you are short on time, consider using a professional essay writing service that specializes in complex papers such as dissertations. Studdit has higher pricing compared to other websites, but it also provides superior services.

The company also provides originality and editorial check reports for all essays, but has a lengthy registration process and a somewhat cumbersome website, which may inconvenience customers with tight deadlines.

Any deadline & subject

Email & SMS alerts

Certified writers

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High school from 10$ / page

Undergraduate from 13$ / page

Undergraduate from 19$ / page

Undergraduate from 21$ / page

Other benefits Studdit include good communication with the support team and a discount on your papers.

PaperHepl – Research Papers and Dissertations at the Best Price

PaperHelp offers exceptional research, personalized approach, and a specialization in writing dissertations. Dissertations can often become lengthy, leading to a potential decrease in content quality. PaperHelp ensures consistent quality throughout by paying attention to every detail.

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PaperHelp stands at the forefront of quality essay services in the US, with a team of carefully selected, expert academic writers – many of whom are non-native English speakers with proficiency comparable to native writers. Their comprehensive research process, along with editing, proofreading, and formatting, make PaperHelp a premier choice for essay writing service.

Furthermore, PaperHelp is student-friendly, offering substantial discounts and a loyalty program tailored for students. The company provides the best college paper writing services to meet the academic standards for different levels, including high school and college-level essays.

Turnaround time is quick

User-friendly for students

Guarantee of money back

Positive reviews and a solid reputation

Academic writing from 10$ \ page

Editing & Proofreading from 6$ \ page

While PaperHelp is renowned for delivering high-quality essays, it also remains a leading provider of research papers and dissertations.

ExtraEssay – Affordable Service with Best Value for Money

With numerous positive reviews in the US, its writers are carefully selected for their professional and knowledgeable essay writing abilities.

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ExtraEssay is known for its fast turnaround time and speedy delivery, as the name suggests. You can hire a reasonably priced essay writer and receive a decent paper on time. While its content quality may not match other affordable essay writing services, ExtraEssay compensates with prompt delivery and exceptional customer service. With numerous positive reviews in the US, its writers are carefully selected for their professional and knowledgeable essay writing abilities.

With a wide range of expertise, you have a high chance of finding a suitable writer for your essays, even with tight deadlines. SpeedyPaper pays close attention to detail, despite its speed, and prioritizes confidentiality and privacy through its data policy and privacy protection.

Reliable with deadlines

User-friendly website

Good customer support

Cheap essay writing service, affordable pricing

Minimum $9 per page

Other ExtraEssay benefits include good communication with the support team and a discount on your papers.

EssayPro – Having the best online reputation

EssayPro is a great option for college essay help, with a streamlined process for customers to find the perfect writer for their needs. These factors make EssayPro one of the most reliable and trustworthy essay services available.

Essaypro Service

Are you hesitant to hire a college essay writing service due to trust concerns? EssayPro is here to provide the assistance you need. With so many unreliable companies, it’s important to choose wisely.

As a student, time is often limited, especially when it comes to critical essays with tight deadlines. Delays, low-quality content, and scams are the last things you want to worry about.

The reputation of a custom essay writing service is crucial, especially with the risks of plagiarism and improper source citation.

Writer bidding

Fast turnaround time of as little as 6 hours

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The minimum price per page is $11.40 (275 words, college level, two-week deadline)

EssayPro offers a flexible process for both writers and clients, making it a cost-effective option for students on a budget. You can choose a professional writer based on your needs and budget and select from three main paper types: high school, university, and doctorate. You can also quickly review professional writers’ qualifications before hiring.

MyAdmissionsEssay – The Biggest First-Order Discount

MyAdmissionEssay is a recommended option for those seeking a college paper writing service in the U.S. with fast turnaround and affordable prices.

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MyAdmissionEssay is a top choice for a college essay writing service in the U.S. offering quick turnaround at an affordable price. Although it may not be the best option for high-quality college-grade essays, it is suitable for simpler essays and tight deadlines.

With consistent discounts for both new and returning customers, MyAdmissionEssay provides a fast and low-priced option compared to other paper writing services. Despite mainly having ESL writers, they are carefully selected to have skills comparable to native English speakers.

Good reputation

Fast response and support

Quality work for the price

Minimum $10 per page

(275 words, college level, two-week deadline)

MyAdmissionEssay also offers a money-back guarantee, showing their confidence in the quality, customer service, and integrity of their service.

GradeMiners – Personal statements at their best

GradeMiners may not have top-notch essay writers, but it has been improving its services over the past few years. As a result, it has become one of the most sought-after online essay writing services in the US. Its quick turnaround time appeals to customers with tight deadlines.

Grademiners

The essays from GradeMiners require minimal editing due to its vast pool of knowledgeable and experienced writers. They are able to handle various writing projects, including bulk orders, while still maintaining their fast turnaround time.

Not only does GradeMiners offer writing services, but it also assists students of various academic levels with homework, such as problem-solving, making it the ideal essay writing service for high school and college students.

With fast turnaround times to meet pressing deadlines, GradeMiners is a great option for students in demanding courses with multiple projects and limited time. Its experienced writers provide high-quality essays that meet assignment requirements.

Exemplary customer support

Fast turnaround time

Flexible revision and report policies

Discounts for new and returning customers

Minimum $17 per page (275 words, college level, two-week deadline)

The professional paper writers on the site are mostly non-native English speakers, available to hire at student-friendly rates. They cater to a wide range of academic papers, including essays, theses, and issertations.

EssayService – The Fastest Essay Writing Service

There are various essay types with varying specifications and requirements, some of which are more complex and require specialized skills. Personal statement essays are one such example.

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Unfortunately, not all essay services in the US can provide top-quality personal statements. However, EssayService is a trustworthy option. EssayService ensures quality by assigning writers who have a degree in the relevant field or a related field to write personal statements.

Personal statements are customized to your needs. This essay writing service has over 300 professional college essay writers who can produce top-notch personal statements. All essays are original and undergo multiple checks to eliminate plagiarism. At EssayService, you can have your paper completed in under 8 hours with minimal editing required.

In addition, EssayService offers free services such as formatting, referencing, and revisions that comply with its revision policy.

Free add-on features

Top-notch personal statement writeups

Progress tracking

Flexible revision policy

Minimum $11 per page for an admission essay / personal statement (275 words, college level, two-week deadline)

Moreover, the tracking feature of EssayService sets it apart from others, allowing you to monitor the progress of your paper in real-time. EssayService can handle virtually any subject within any time frame.

How long does it take a writer to write my essay for me?

The time it takes to complete an essay varies, as different types of essays have different requirements and deadlines. Custom specifications often accompany assignments, particularly for important documents like personal statements for scholarships and applications, or for academic writing like research papers and dissertations. Thus, providing a definite time frame without considering all the details can be difficult. The type of essay affects the time required to complete it. However, some reputable essay writing services are willing to go above and beyond to deliver high-quality essays even under tight deadlines. Some websites offer a turnaround time as short as 3-8 hours, but it’s important to note that these companies may not be the most affordable options. They charge a premium fee to deliver within the specified short time frame. However, even for essays with tight deadlines, essay writing services typically still process orders quickly and efficiently.

Does a professional writer write my essay?

Reputable and trustworthy academic writing companies recognize the importance of producing high-quality essays, and as a result, only hire experienced and knowledgeable experts to handle their writing projects. These writers, who are either native English speakers or skilled English as a Second Language (ESL) specialists, possess skills comparable to those of native speakers. Some essay writing services allow you to choose who will work on your project, providing you with the opportunity to review writers’ credentials and select the one best suited for your essay. Other paper writing websites are transparent about their writer screening and selection process, ensuring customers are aware of the measures the company takes to guarantee the quality of its services. While not all essay writing companies in the U.S. require a degree, many do. This means that professionals with degrees in the relevant field or a related field often write your essay, ensuring a high level of expertise.

Is buying essays online a secure and confidential process?

Buying anything online comes with a risk as there is no guarantee. The online space is prone to scams, so it’s important to be cautious. However, there are many trustworthy companies available, you just need to know where to look. Reputable companies prioritize their customer service as it reflects on their reputation. The reliability and reputation of a paper writing service speaks to its confidentiality and safety for purchasing essays. Look for websites that place high importance on confidentiality and privacy. To find a trustworthy service, read independent reviews from reputable agencies and avoid the reviews on a company’s official site, as negative feedback is unlikely to be posted there. When choosing a legitimate essay writing service, consider its policies, offerings, and core values, as well as the emphasis they place on confidentiality, originality, and privacy.

Are essay writing services legit?

Using a paid essay writing service is both legitimate and safe. It is legal to pay someone to write essays for you, as long as you don’t turn in a plagiarized paper. Reputable companies focus on originality and run multiple plagiarism checks, ensuring you have nothing to worry about in terms of authenticity. However, it’s important to review the website’s Terms and Conditions before hiring an online essay writer. Some services allow you to use the work as your own, while others are intended solely for research and as examples and cannot be submitted as your own work. In this case, you may face legal issues. When searching for a reliable essay writing service, thoroughly review their policies and ask questions about your specific purpose and rights to use the essay.

Can I request a revision if I am not satisfied with my paper?

These writing websites design their services to minimize customer dissatisfaction with their work. They often include free revisions as a value-add to ensure customer satisfaction. These revisions provide an opportunity for the writer to address any concerns and make necessary changes to the paper. However, in the unlikely event of dissatisfaction, it is important to review the company’s policies and guarantees before making a payment. Some services offer limited revisions, and any changes must comply with their policy. Meanwhile, others offer a money-back guarantee in case of customer dissatisfaction. To ensure a positive experience, it is best to avoid low-priced writing services with unclear policies regarding revisions and satisfaction.

Which are the main drawbacks of essay writing sites?

There are potential downsides to hiring an essay ghostwriter, especially if you don’t choose a reputable one. One issue is receiving a paper filled with errors, typos, and grammar mistakes. Not all essay writing companies thoroughly screen and select their writers, which can lead to subpar work. Research and data accuracy are also important factors in essay writing and can pose risks if not done properly. Organization and flow are also crucial in essays, but some companies may divide the work among multiple writers to meet tight deadlines, leading to a disjointed essay. Plagiarism is a common concern in the essay writing industry, but most reputable companies have measures in place to prevent it. This is often reflected in their pricing.

When selecting an essay writing service for your college papers, certain crucial factors should not be overlooked, such as turnaround time, originality, revisions, customer service, pricing, and content quality.

On our list of the best companies, we have Studdit as the overall best essay writing service. Considering its quality writing, quick turnaround time, and fair pricing, it is the most popular and versatile option.

Studdit’s solid research process, editing, proofreading, and formatting make it a top-tier choice. If you are also looking for specific services like personal statement writing and high school homework help, we also cover that in this list.

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Essays are a fundamental part of academic writing and a key way for students to demonstrate their knowledge, critical thinking skills, and mastery of a subject. While essay writing can seem daunting, anyone can produce a strong essay by following some basic guidelines.

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There may be many reasons that individuals and families are not covered by health insurance and that is who we serve. Support Your Thesis with Evidence. Once you have established your thesis, you must provide ample evidence to back it up and convince the reader of your position. Depending on the essay type, this evidence could include facts, expert opinions, logical arguments, examples, textual analysis, and more. Make sure to properly introduce and analyze each piece of evidence to show how it relates to and strengthens your overall thesis.

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Like any piece of writing, an essay should have a clear beginning, middle, and end. The introduction captures the reader's attention and presents the thesis. The body paragraphs then use topic sentences to state their main point and provide the supporting evidence. Finally, the conclusion restates the thesis and major arguments in new language, leaving the reader with a strong final impression.

Use Transitions and Strong Style

In addition to a solid structure, essays need to be cohesive and flow smoothly from one idea to the next. Transition words like "furthermore," "in addition," and "however" cue the reader to how the sentences relate. Varying sentence structure and using vivid language can also make your essay more engaging and your arguments more persuasive.

Edit Carefully

Once you have a draft, take the time to revise carefully. Check that your logic is sound, your evidence is integrated smoothly, and your language is clear and precise. Reading aloud can also help you catch grammatical errors. Don't forget to ensure your essay follows proper formatting guidelines as well. By following these key principles - a strong thesis, relevant evidence, logical structure, stylistic techniques, and thorough editing - any student can dramatically improve their essay writing abilities. The more you practice, the easier crafting a cohesive, persuasive essay will become.

How to write essay

Essay writing is a valuable skill that is essential for academic success and effective communication. Whether you are a student, professional, or aspiring writer, mastering the art of essay writing can help you express your thoughts, ideas, and arguments in a clear and organized manner. In this article, we will explore some key tips and strategies to improve your essay writing skills.

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Writing essay.

Understand the Purpose: Before you start writing, it is important to understand the purpose of your essay. Are you trying to inform, persuade, or entertain your readers? Clarifying your objectives will help you structure your essay effectively and stay focused on your main points.

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The pace of building a study is heavily impacted by the ability to collaborate and iterate with your team.

College essay examples

Plan and Outline: A well-organized essay starts with a solid plan and outline. Take the time to brainstorm ideas, research your topic, and create a detailed outline that outlines your introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. This will provide you with a roadmap to follow as you write your essay.

How to start a essay

Develop a Strong Thesis Statement: Your thesis statement is the central argument of your essay and should clearly state your main point or position on the topic. Make sure your thesis is specific, concise, and supported by evidence throughout your essay.

Essay writing service

As an AI assistant, I do not provide essay writing services. However, there are many reputable online essay writing services available that offer assistance to students and professionals who need help with their academic or professional writing assignments. When considering using an essay writing service, it is important to do thorough research to ensure you choose a trustworthy and reliable provider. Here are some factors to consider when selecting an essay writing service: Reputation: Look for reviews and testimonials from previous customers to gauge the reputation of the writing service. A reputable service will have positive feedback and a track record of delivering high-quality work. Writers' Qualifications: Check the credentials and qualifications of the writers who will be working on your essay. Make sure they have the necessary expertise and experience in your subject area. Plagiarism Policy: Ensure that the writing service guarantees original and plagiarism-free content. Plagiarism can have serious consequences, so it is essential to work with a service that values academic integrity. Pricing and Payment: Consider the pricing structure of the writing service and ensure that it fits within your budget. Be wary of services that offer extremely low prices, as they may compromise on quality. Customer Support: Look for a writing service that offers reliable customer support and communication channels. It is important to be able to reach out to the service provider with any questions or concerns. Revision Policy: Check if the service offers revisions or edits in case you are not satisfied with the initial draft of your essay. A good writing service should be willing to make revisions to meet your requirements. Remember to always provide clear instructions and guidelines to the writing service to ensure that your essay meets your expectations. Additionally, it is important to review and understand the terms and conditions of the service before placing an order. While essay writing services can be helpful in certain situations, it is crucial to use them responsibly and ethically.

Essay on help

Helping others is a fundamental aspect of human nature that has the power to create positive change and foster connections within communities. Whether it is offering a lending hand to someone in need, providing support during challenging times, or simply being there to listen, acts of help can have a profound impact on both the giver and the recipient. In this essay, we will explore the significance of help and how it plays a vital role in creating a more compassionate and supportive society. One of the most remarkable aspects of help is its ability to create a sense of unity and solidarity among individuals. When we extend a helping hand to others, we are not only providing practical assistance but also showing empathy and compassion. This act of kindness can strengthen bonds between people, build trust, and foster a sense of community spirit. In times of adversity or crisis, the willingness to help one another can bring people together and provide a sense of hope and resilience. Moreover, offering help to those in need can have a ripple effect that extends far beyond the initial act. When we help others, we inspire a spirit of generosity and kindness that can spread to others, creating a chain reaction of positivity and goodwill. Small acts of help, whether it is a simple gesture of kindness or a more significant contribution, have the power to uplift spirits, instill hope, and make a meaningful difference in someone's life. Helping others is also a way to cultivate a sense of gratitude and appreciation for the blessings in our own lives. By extending help to those who are less fortunate or going through difficult times, we gain a deeper understanding of the challenges that others face and develop a greater sense of empathy and compassion. This awareness can lead to a greater appreciation for our own circumstances and a renewed sense of gratitude for the support and resources available to us. In conclusion, the act of help is a powerful and transformative force that has the potential to create positive change, foster connections, and inspire a culture of kindness and compassion. Whether it is a simple act of kindness or a more significant gesture of support, helping others is a fundamental aspect of humanity that brings out the best in us. By embracing the power of help and extending a helping hand to those in need, we can make a meaningful difference in the lives of others and contribute to building a more caring and supportive society for all.

College essay format

When writing a college essay, it is important to follow a specific format to ensure that your essay is well-organized, coherent, and effectively conveys your ideas. Here is a general guideline for the format of a college essay: Title or Heading: Include a title that reflects the main topic or theme of your essay. You can also include your name, course title, instructor's name, and date below the title. Introduction: Start with an attention-grabbing opening sentence or hook that introduces the topic. Provide some background information on the topic and establish the context. End the introduction with a clear thesis statement that states the main argument or purpose of your essay. Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea or point that supports your thesis. Start each paragraph with a topic sentence that introduces the main idea of the paragraph. Support your main idea with evidence, examples, and analysis. Ensure that there is a logical flow between paragraphs to maintain coherence and clarity. Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in the essay. Restate the thesis statement in different words. Provide a concluding thought or reflection that ties back to the introduction or offers a new perspective. References or Works Cited (if applicable): If you have cited sources in your essay, include a list of references or works cited at the end of your essay. Follow the specific citation style required by your instructor (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Formatting: Use a readable font (e.g., Times New Roman, Arial) and standard font size (12 pt). Double-space your essay and use 1-inch margins on all sides. Include a header with your last name and page number on each page. Follow any specific formatting guidelines provided by your college or instructor. Editing and Proofreading: Revise your essay for clarity, coherence, and conciseness. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Ask someone else to read your essay and provide feedback. Remember that the specific requirements for a college essay format may vary depending on the institution or instructor. It is important to carefully read and follow the guidelines provided for each assignment to ensure that your essay meets the required format and standards.

Of course! I can provide you with some general guidance on writing an essay. Here are some key steps to help you get started: Understand the Assignment: Carefully read and understand the essay prompt or assignment guidelines. Identify the topic, purpose, and requirements of the essay. Choose a Topic: Select a topic that interests you and aligns with the assignment requirements. Brainstorm ideas, conduct research if necessary, and narrow down your focus. Develop a Thesis Statement: Craft a clear and concise thesis statement that presents the main argument or central idea of your essay. Your thesis should guide the direction of your writing and provide a framework for your arguments. Create an Outline: Outline the structure of your essay, including the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion. Organize your main points and supporting details in a logical sequence. Write the Introduction: Start with a compelling hook to grab the reader's attention. Provide background information on the topic and context. Present your thesis statement at the end of the introduction. Write the Body Paragraphs: Each body paragraph should focus on a single main idea or argument that supports your thesis. Start with a topic sentence that introduces the main point of the paragraph. Support your arguments with evidence, examples, and analysis. Ensure smooth transitions between paragraphs to maintain coherence. Write the Conclusion: Summarize the main points discussed in the essay. Restate the thesis statement in different words. Provide a closing thought or suggestion for further reflection. Revise and Edit: Review your essay for clarity, coherence, and consistency. Check for grammar, punctuation, and spelling errors. Consider the overall structure and flow of your essay. Seek feedback from peers, instructors, or writing tutors for additional input. Cite Your Sources (if applicable): If you use external sources in your essay, make sure to properly cite them according to the required citation style (e.g., APA, MLA, Chicago). Finalize Your Essay: Make any necessary revisions based on feedback and proofread your essay one last time before submitting it. Remember, practice is key to improving your essay writing skills. The more you write and receive feedback, the better you will become at crafting well-structured and compelling essays.

Writing an Effective Essay Essays are a fundamental part of academic writing and a key way for students to demonstrate their knowledge, critical thinking skills, and mastery of a subject. While essay writing can seem daunting, anyone can produce a strong essay by following some basic guidelines. Start with a Clear Thesis The thesis statement is the core idea that drives your entire essay. It makes a claim that you will support with evidence throughout the body of the paper. Your thesis should be specific, provable, and debatable - not just a general statement of fact. Spend time crafting a clear, concise thesis that lays the foundation for your argument. Support Your Thesis with Evidence Once you have established your thesis, you must provide ample evidence to back it up and convince the reader of your position. Depending on the essay type, this evidence could include facts, expert opinions, logical arguments, examples, textual analysis, and more. Make sure to properly introduce and analyze each piece of evidence to show how it relates to and strengthens your overall thesis. Structure Your Essay Logically Like any piece of writing, an essay should have a clear beginning, middle, and end. The introduction captures the reader's attention and presents the thesis. The body paragraphs then use topic sentences to state their main point and provide the supporting evidence. Finally, the conclusion restates the thesis and major arguments in new language, leaving the reader with a strong final impression. Use Transitions and Strong Style In addition to a solid structure, essays need to be cohesive and flow smoothly from one idea to the next. Transition words like "furthermore," "in addition," and "however" cue the reader to how the sentences relate. Varying sentence structure and using vivid language can also make your essay more engaging and your arguments more persuasive. Edit Carefully Once you have a draft, take the time to revise carefully. Check that your logic is sound, your evidence is integrated smoothly, and your language is clear and precise. Reading aloud can also help you catch grammatical errors. Don't forget to ensure your essay follows proper formatting guidelines as well. By following these key principles - a strong thesis, relevant evidence, logical structure, stylistic techniques, and thorough editing - any student can dramatically improve their essay writing abilities. The more you practice, the easier crafting a cohesive, persuasive essay will become.

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On the Importance of Helping Others From a young age, we are taught that it is better to give than to receive. Helping others, whether through charitable acts, volunteer work, or simple good deeds, is a value that is universally extolled. And there are good reasons why: helping others not only makes the world a better place, but it enriches our own lives in profound ways. At its core, helping others is an act of empathy and compassion. When we extend ourselves to assist someone in need, we are acknowledging our shared humanity and responsibility for one another. We recognize that all people want to be happy, healthy, and free from suffering. By taking the time to understand someone else's struggles and lend a hand, we build connections that unite us as a society. Helping others also enables us to make a tangible, positive impact on the world around us. Whether volunteering at a soup kitchen, tutoring a student, or helping a neighbor carry groceries, we improve lives through our actions. These acts of service create a ripple effect of generosity that makes communities more caring and resilient. We become agents of change. On a personal level, helping others is tremendously rewarding and fulfilling. Studies show that giving back reduces stress, fights depression, gives a sense of purpose, and increases life satisfaction. The feelings of gratitude and connection we experience when we give selflessly are powerful. Helping others makes us happier and healthier, both mentally and physically. Of course, not everyone is capable of making large humanitarian efforts or donations. But every one of us can find ways, both big and small, to offer assistance and kindness to those around us. We can volunteer our time, open our wallets, lend an ear, or simply extend empathy and compassion through our words and actions. Even the smallest acts of generosity can make someone's day brighter. Ultimately, helping others is one of the highest expressions of human excellence. It requires us to be selfless, kind, and solutions-oriented. It celebrates our finest qualities of service, charity, and goodwill. In a world that can be harsh and indifferent, the simple act of offering help is a powerful way to make a profound difference, for others and for ourselves.

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College Essay Format College application essays are usually pretty short, so formatting is crucial to making the most of every word. While requirements vary from college to college, you'll generally be expected to follow these guidelines: Length: Around 500-650 words is common. Some colleges may want shorter essays (200-300 words) while others go up to 800-1000 words. Font: Use an easily readable font like Times New Roman, Arial, or Calibri. The font size should be 10-12 points with standard margins around the text. Heading: At the top of the page, include a heading with the following: Your name The application deadline/essay prompt or topic The word count Spacing: Use 1.5 or double spacing between lines. The essay should be left-aligned. Title: Some colleges want a creative title for the essay, while others prefer just a heading (see above). If including a title, make it interesting yet relevant. Introduction: The first paragraph should grab the reader's attention with a personal anecdote, quote, question, vivid details, etc. End with your thesis statement. Body: Aim for 2-4 body paragraphs. Use topic sentences and concrete examples/details to develop your main ideas and showcase your personality, interests, goals, etc. Conclusion: Wrap up by revisiting your main points and reiterating your thesis. Leave the reader with an interesting final perspective or insightful conclusion. Formatting Extras: Page numbers (unless specified not to include them) Your name on each page (some colleges require this) Single-space after periods Check the application instructions carefully, as some colleges have additional or alternate formatting requirements. But following the standard format above is a wise strategy for most essays.

Start with an Outline Before putting pen to paper (or fingers to keyboard), map out your essay with a detailed outline. This will help organize your thoughts and ensure your essay flows logically from one point to the next. Hook the Reader The introduction should grab the reader's attention right away. Consider using an interesting fact, statistic, quote, anecdote, or thought-provoking question to pique their interest. Develop a Clear Thesis Statement The thesis statement is the backbone of your essay. It should concisely summarize the main argument or idea you plan to prove or analyze. Make sure your thesis is specific, focused, and provable. Use Relevant Evidence and Examples Support your main points with relevant evidence from credible sources like academic journals, expert opinions, literary texts, etc. Analyze this evidence and explain how it relates to and strengthens your argument. Address Counterarguments No argument is airtight. Considering counterarguments shows you have thoroughly researched the topic. Refute these counterpoints respectfully using facts and logic. Vary Sentence Structure Avoid choppiness by varying your sentence structure. Longer, more complex sentences can establish deeper insights. But don't neglect short, punchy sentences for emphasis. Be Specific with Word Choice Use precise language and avoid vague or ambiguous words. Clear, specific word choice strengthens your writing and arguments. Revise and Edit Carefully Leave time to revise and edit your draft carefully. Check for errors, unclear phrasing, weak points, and opportunities to condense or clarify. Reading aloud can help catch mistakes. Use Transitions Transition words like "furthermore," "in addition," "however," etc. clarify how your ideas relate and progress. This creates smooth flow between sentences and paragraphs. Write a Strong Conclusion The conclusion should restate your thesis and summarize your key arguments in a new, compelling way. Consider ending with an insightful perspective or thought-provoking question. With focus, substance, and polish, you can craft an impressive essay that effectively communicates your ideas and arguments to readers.

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These are hardly clinical questions, but as far as survey items go, they’re instructive examples.

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James Baldwin in 1979.

The Fire Next Time by James Baldwin audiobook review – from the civil rights frontline

Law & Order’s Jesse L Martin narrates two powerful essays examining the Black experience in the US, the first in a series marking the author’s centenary year

F irst published in 1963 at the height of the US civil rights movement, James Baldwin’s The Fire Next Time comprises two astonishing essays examining the Black experience in the United States and the struggle against racial injustice.

The first, My Dungeon Shook, takes the form of a letter to Baldwin’s 14-year-old nephew, and outlines “the root of my dispute with my country … You were born into a society which spelled out with brutal clarity, and in as many ways as possible, that you were a worthless human being. You were not expected to aspire to excellence: you were expected to make peace with mediocrity.”

The second, Down at the Cross, is a polemic examining the relationship between race and religion, and finds Baldwin reflecting on his Harlem childhood, his encounters with racist police, and a spiritual crisis at the age of 14, which, triggered by his fears of getting drawn into a life of crime, “helped to hurl me into the church”. There, he was filled with anguish “like one of those floods that devastate countries, tearing everything down, tearing children from their parents and lovers from each other”.

The essays are narrated by the Law & Order actor Jesse L Martin, who highlights the rhythmic nature of Baldwin’s prose, and channels his anger and devastation at the unceasing suffering of Black Americans. This audiobook is one of several new recordings of Baldwin’s writing being published over the next few months, to mark the influential author’s centenary year, which also include Go Tell It to the Mountain, Another Country, Giovanni’s Room and If Beale Street Could Talk.

Available via Penguin Audio, 2hr 26min

Further listening

Fire Rush Jacqueline Crooks, Penguin Audio, 11hr 3min Leonie Elliott narrates this coming-of-age story set in the late 1970s about the daughter of a Caribbean immigrant who finds kindred spirits and thrilling new sounds at an underground reggae club.

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Two Sisters Blake Morrison, Harper Collins, 10hr 28min A tender account of the life of Gill, Morrison’s younger sister who died from heart failure caused by alcohol abuse, and his half-sister, Josie. Read by the author.

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The Substructures of Chinese Grand Strategy, and Why Resolute US International Engagement Matters

In this essay, Dr. Ford offers an account of China’s dream of Sinocentric global order and its implications. Explaining the theory of control upon which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) bases its power and influence, it describes the motivational structure behind Beijing’s grand strategy; the CCP’s strategic vision; how China aims to achieve that vision; and why sovereign peoples who prize their political autonomy and independence should care about these issues.

USA China

The Substructures Of Chinese Grand Strategy, And Why Resolute US International Engagement Matters

USA China

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The Substructures of Chines... by Hoover Institution

Dr. Christopher A. Ford, visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution, is professor of international relations and strategic studies at Missouri State University’s Graduate School of Defense and Strategic Studies. He was previously US assistant secretary of state for international security and nonproliferation and special assistant to the president and senior director for weapons of mass destruction and counterproliferation at the National Security Council.

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COMMENTS

  1. How to Structure an Essay

    The basic structure of an essay always consists of an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. But for many students, the most difficult part of structuring an essay is deciding how to organize information within the body. This article provides useful templates and tips to help you outline your essay, make decisions about your structure, and ...

  2. 9.3 Organizing Your Writing

    Exercise 3. On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that discusses a passion of yours. Your passion could be music, a particular sport, filmmaking, and so on. Your paragraph should be built upon the reasons why you feel so strongly. Briefly discuss your reasons in the order of least to greatest importance.

  3. The Writing Process

    Table of contents. Step 1: Prewriting. Step 2: Planning and outlining. Step 3: Writing a first draft. Step 4: Redrafting and revising. Step 5: Editing and proofreading. Other interesting articles. Frequently asked questions about the writing process.

  4. Organizing Your Writing

    Chronological order is most commonly used in expository writing. It is useful for explaining the history of your subject, for telling a story, or for explaining a process. Order of importance is most appropriate in a persuasion paper as well as for essays in which you rank things, people, or events by their significance.

  5. 5 Main Parts of an Essay: An Easy Guide to a Solid Structure

    What are the 5 parts of an essay? Explore how the introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion parts of an essay work together.

  6. Chronological Order

    Chronological order is mostly used in expository writing, which is a form of writing that narrates, describes, informs, or explains a process. When using chronological order, arrange the events in the order that they actually happened, or will happen if you are giving instructions. This method requires you to use words such as first, second ...

  7. How to Write a Chronological Essay

    5 Tips on Writing a Chronological Essay. 5.1 Pick an Idea and Make a Plan. 5.2 Use a Variety of Sentence Structures to Keep Your Writing Interesting. 5.3 Provide Sufficient Details. 5.4 Use Transitional Words and Phrases, Such As "First," "Next," and "Then," to Indicate the Chronological Flow. 5.5 Use Headings and Subheadings to ...

  8. 4.3 Organizing Your Writing

    Exercise 3. On a separate sheet of paper, write a paragraph that discusses a passion of yours. Your passion could be music, a particular sport, filmmaking, and so on. Your paragraph should be built upon the reasons why you feel so strongly. Briefly discuss your reasons in the order of least to greatest importance.

  9. Organizing Your Argument

    In order for your argument to be persuasive, it must use an organizational structure that the audience perceives as both logical and easy to parse. Three argumentative methods —the Toulmin Method, Classical Method, and Rogerian Method— give guidance for how to organize the points in an argument. Note that these are only three of the most ...

  10. Ordering Information in the Body of the Essay

    Order of complexity, order of importance, and time order are three basic, logical ways of shaping ideas to help the reading audience follow the flow of thought. For example, consider the sample topic sentence, Adults returning to college face time, study, emotional, and family problems. Assuming that the order of the topic sentences in the ...

  11. Paper format

    Consistency in the order, structure, and format of a paper allows readers to focus on a paper's content rather than its presentation. To format a paper in APA Style, writers can typically use the default settings and automatic formatting tools of their word-processing program or make only minor adjustments.

  12. AP English Language and Composition Exam

    Section II: Free Response. 3 Questions | 2 hours 15 minutes (includes a 15-minute reading period | 55% of Exam Score. Students write essays that respond to 3 free-response prompts from the following categories: Synthesis Question: After reading 6-7 texts about a topic (including visual and quantitative sources), students will compose an ...

  13. Title page setup

    Follow the guidelines described next to format each element of the student title page. Place the title three to four lines down from the top of the title page. Center it and type it in bold font. Capitalize major words of the title. Place the main title and any subtitle on separate double-spaced lines if desired.

  14. Essay #3: Structure and Organization

    Then I decide what order of paragraphs would be most effective. This means that before I begin writing my first draft I already know what idea each body paragraph will be exploring, what textual evidence I will be including in each body paragraph, and what order I will be presenting my ideas in. ... For your final essays, you have two different ...

  15. How to Write an Argumentative Essay

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  22. The Fire Next Time by James Baldwin audiobook review

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  23. The Substructures Of Chinese Grand Strategy, And Why Resolute US

    In this essay, Dr. Ford offers an account of China's dream of Sinocentric global order and its implications. Explaining the theory of control upon which the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) bases its power and influence, it describes the motivational structure behind Beijing's grand strategy; the CCP's strategic vision; how China aims to achieve that vision; and why sovereign peoples who ...