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The 5 Different Types of Speech Styles

Human beings have different ways of communicating . No two people speak the same (and nor should they). In fact, if you’ve paid any attention to people’s speeches around you, you might have already noticed that they vary from speaker to speaker, according to the context. Those variations aren’t merely coincidental. 

The 5 Different Types of Speech Styles (Table)

Martin Joos, a famous german linguist and professor, was the first one to organize the speeches according to their variations, having come up with five speech styles, depending on their degree of formality: 

1. Frozen Style (or Fixed speech)

A speech style is characterized by the use of certain grammar and vocabulary particular to a certain field, one in which the speaker is inserted. The language in this speech style is very formal and static, making it one of the highest forms of speech styles. It’s usually done in a format where the speaker talks and the audience listens without actually being given the space to respond. 

Application: It’s generally reserved for formal settings such as important ceremonies (for instance, a ceremony at the royal palace or one in which a country’s president is present), weddings, funerals, etc. 

Examples: a presidential speech, an anthem, and a school creed.

2. Formal Style

This style, just like the previous one, is also characterized by a formal (agreed upon and even documented) vocabulary and choice of words, yet it’s more universal as it doesn’t necessarily require expertise in any field and it’s not as rigid as the frozen style. 

The language in this speech is respectful and rejects the use of slang, contractions, ellipses and qualifying modal adverbials. Oftentimes the speaker must plan the sentences before delivering them. 

Application: Although it’s often used in writing, it also applies to speaking, especially to medium to large-sized groups. It’s also the type of speech that should be used when communicating with strangers and others such as older people, elders, professionals, and figures of authority. 

Examples: meetings (corporate or other formal meetings), court, class, interview, speech, or presentation. 

3. Consultative Style 

The third level of communication it’s a style characterized by a semi-formal vocabulary, often unplanned and reliant on the listener ’s responses and overall participation. 

Application: any type of two-way communication, dialogue, whether between two people or more, where there’s no intimacy or any acquaintanceship. 

Examples: group discussions, teacher-student communication, expert-apprentice, communication between work colleagues or even between employer-employee, and talking to a stranger. 

4. Casual Style (or Informal Style) 

As the name says, this style is characterized by its casualty, with a flexible and informal vocabulary that may include slang. It’s usually unplanned, pretty relaxed, and reliant on the fluid back and forth between those involved, without any particular order. 

Application: used between people with a sense of familiarity and a relatively close relationship, whether in a group or in a one-on-one scenario.

Examples: chats with friends and family, casual phone calls, or text messages. 

5. Intimate Style

This is the speech style that’s reserved for people who have a really close connection. It’s casual and relaxed and goes beyond words, as it incorporates nonverbal communication and even personal language codes, such as terms of endearment and expressions whose meaning are only understood by the participants, besides slang. 

Application: used between people who share an intimate bond. 

Examples: chats between best friends, boyfriend and girlfriend, siblings and other family members, whether in messages, phone calls, or personally.  

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4 factors that influence speech styles.

Although knowing the definition and some examples of situations in which each speech style might apply is helpful, there are four important factors that are key in speech styles. These factors help the speakers understand when it is appropriate to use one style instead of the other. They are: 

1. The Setting 

The setting is essentially the context in which the speech shall take place. It’s probably the most important factor to be considered when choosing which speech style to use as nothing could be more harmful than applying the wrong speech style to the wrong setting. 

Although it’s a factor that’s exhausted and diverse,  to make things simple for you, I’ve divided them in three main categories: 

• Formal Settings:  
• Casual Settings: 

In these settings, people are more relaxed and less uptight than in formal settings. Since there’s a degree of familiarity between those speaking, even though people are not necessarily intimate, the speaker can apply either consultative or casual speech styles. Some examples of these settings include weddings, company or team meetings, and school classes. 

• Informal Settings: 

These settings are more open than casual ones as there are almost no rules to how people should interact. Everyone in it either has a deep degree of familiarity or intimacy. The styles of speeches that are used in these settings are Casual and Intimate. A few examples of these settings are family and friends gatherings, private conversations, etc. 

Misreading the setting can be really embarrassing and have devastating consequences. If, for instance, you make inappropriate jokes in a work meeting or use slang words, you could be perceived as unprofessional and disrespectful, and that could cost you your job. 

2. The Participants  

Your audience, the people to whom your speech is directed, or the people you interact with are decisive factors when choosing your speech style. 

To put it simply: 

• Reserve Frozen and Formal styles for people whom you respect and are not intimate or even familiar with ,  either because of their position in society or because of their position in relation to you. These can be authority figures or even superiors in your workplace and strangers.
• Use Consultative and Casual speech styles with people who, even though they are familiar to you (either because you both know each other or interact often), still owe them a certain level of respect . These can be people in your workplace such as your colleagues and business partners, people in school, elders and older family members, neighbors, acquaintances and even strangers . 
• Feel free to use Intimate speech styles with anyone who you share an intimate bond with . These can be your friends and your immediate and extended family members .

3. The Topic 

Speech styles can give appropriate weight to serious topics, just as they can help alleviate the heaviness of certain topics. There’s no specific rule of which style to use with each topic, actually, when it comes to topics, the choice should be more intuitive and keep in mind the other factors. 

For example, sometimes, when making a presentation about a serious topic at a conference, you might want to mix formal speech with a more consultative or casual speech by sliding in a joke or two in between your presentation, as this helps lighten up the mood. 

4. The Purpose of The Discourse or Conversation 

The purpose of your discourse is your main motivation for speaking.  Just like with the topic, when it comes to choosing the speech style taking into account the purpose, the choice is mostly intuitive and keeps in mind the other factors. 

You should remember never to mix a business-centered discussion, where the purpose is mostly professional and formal, with a mainly informal speech of speaking. 

Speaker Styles

• Content-rich speaker:  

A content-rich speaker is one whose aim is to use the speech to inform. He is factual and very objective and focused on providing all the information the audience or receptor of the message needs.

A man speaking in a presentation could be an example of this, or even a lawyer defending a case in court. 

• Funny or humorous speakers:

As the name already suggests, this type of speaker uses humor as a tool to help them deliver their message. Even when delivering facts, they make jokes to lighten things up and break the tension. 

Stand-up comedians are a great example of this type of speaker. 

• Storyteller: 

This type of speaker usually relies on the story format to deliver his message; whether it’s factual or not is not relevant as long as the main message behind the story is relevant to the receptor. 

Usually, the type of speaker is not fixed in each speech style; one person can be many types of speakers depending on the speech style that they are using and keeping in mind the factors that influence the choice of the speech style. 

Make sure you weigh all factors equally before choosing a speech style. You don’t want to be THAT person bringing up an intimate subject to a friend in front of a group of strangers during a business meeting where the subject has nothing to do with whatever you’re talking about.

What’s The Importance of Speech Styles In Communication 

Using and knowing speech styles is the key to effective communication. Choosing the right way to communicate in different settings and with different people is what separates a good communicator from a bad communicator. 

Knowing the speech styles and the rules that apply to each of them saves you from embarrassment and positions you as someone of principles and respectful, especially in formal and conservative settings. 

Besides that, people tend to gravitate more towards and get influenced by good communicators; therefore, learning something new in that area and improving the quality of your speech and presentations will only benefit you. 

Further Readings

Speech Styles- ELCOMBLUS

Types of Speech Styles | PDF | Sentence (Linguistics) | Cognitive Science- SCRIBD

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The Importance Of Oral Communication

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The South Korean film Parasite made history at the 2020 Oscars when it became the first non-English language film to win the Academy Award for Best Picture. For his acceptance speech, director Bong Joon Ho said, “Once you overcome the one-inch-tall barrier of subtitles, you will be introduced to so many more amazing films.”

Bong was trying to change the way people perceive foreign language films. And he did. His words resonated not just with the South Korean audience, but with moviegoers worldwide.

Not every speaker leaves a lasting impression on their audience. But imagine if you could always speak with impact in your professional setting.

Strong oral communication is one of the best skills you can have in the workplace. Not only can you move, persuade and encourage others to think and act differently, your speaking skills also help you stand out among your co-workers.

Let’s explore the importance of different types of oral communication you need to become a competent professional.

What Is Oral Communication?

Importance of oral communication, types of oral communication.

Oral communication is communicating with spoken words. It’s a verbal form of communication where you communicate your thoughts, present ideas and share information. Examples of oral communication are conversations with friends, family or colleagues, presentations and speeches.

Oral communication helps to build trust and reliability. The process of oral communication is more effective than an email or a text message. For important and sensitive conversations—such as salary negotiations and even conflict resolution, you can rely on oral communication to get your point across, avoid misunderstandings and minimize confusion.

In a professional setting, effective oral communication is important because it is built on transparency, understanding and trust. Your oral communication skills can boost morale, encourage improved performance and promote teamwork .

Here are some benefits of oral communication:

It saves time by letting you convey your message directly to the other person and getting their response immediately.

It’s the most secure form of communication for critical issues and important information

It helps to resolve conflicts with face-to-face communication

It’s a more transparent form of communication as it lets you  gauge how others react to your words

There are different examples of oral communication in a business setting. You need several oral communication skills for career advancement. Let’s look at different types of oral communication:

Elevator Pitch

Imagine you meet the CEO of your organization in the elevator. Now, you have 30 seconds to introduce yourself before they get out on the next floor. This is your elevator pitch. It’s a form of oral communication where you have to succinctly explain who you are and what you want from the other person.

Formal Conversations

These are common at work because you have to constantly interact with your managers, coworkers and stakeholders such as clients and customers. Formal conversations are crisp, direct and condensed. You have to get your point across in a few words because everyone has only limited time to spare.

Informal Conversations

These are conversations that you have with your team members or friends and family. They are mostly without an agenda. You can talk about your day, what you’re going to eat for lunch or discuss weekend plans. These are friendly conversations peppered with light banter.

Business Presentations

This is where you need to make the best use of your speaking skills. Public speaking is an important skill to develop if you want to command a room full of people. For this, you need to leverage Harappa’s LEP and PAM Frameworks as well as the Four Ps of Pitch, Projection, Pace and Pauses.

Speeches are important in businesses like event management or community outreach. In a corporate setup, speeches are reserved for top management and leaders.

Arming yourself with effective oral communication skills will boost your confidence, prepare you for challenging tasks like meeting and impressing clients.

Harappa Education’s Speaking Effectively course is carefully designed to teach you how to improve your communication skills. You’ll learn about both oral and nonverbal communication with important frameworks like the Rule of Three and Aristotle’s Appeals of logic, credibility and emotion. Persuade your audience, deliver well-crafted ideas and connect with others with advanced speaking skills.

Explore topics & skills such as Public Speaking , Verbal Communication , Speaking Skills & Oratory Skills from Harappa Diaries and learn to express your ideas with confidence.

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L&D leaders need to look for reskilling programs that meet organizational goals and employee aspirations. The first step to doing this is to understand the skills gaps and identify what’s necessary. An effective reskilling program will be one that is scalable and measurable. Companies need to understand their immediate goals and prepare for future requirements when considering which employees to reskill.

Are you still uncertain about the kind of reskilling program you should opt for?  Speak to our expert   to understand what will work best for your organization and employees.

Speeches in Oral Communication

Ai generator.

Embark on a transformative journey into the realm of Speeches in Oral Communication with our comprehensive guide. Unlock the art of effective communication through enlightening examples that vividly illustrate each principle. From honing your communication skills to navigating various styles, this guide is your key to mastering the craft. Elevate your understanding with real-world Communication Examples, ensuring a seamless blend of theory and practical application in your oral communication endeavours. Dive in for a holistic exploration of impactful speeches and communication strategies.

What are Speeches in Oral Communication

Speeches in Oral Communication encompass verbal expressions designed for effective interpersonal communication. Simply put, they are structured talks delivered orally, aiming to convey information, persuade, or entertain. In essence, these speeches serve as a vital tool in conveying thoughts and ideas directly, fostering a deeper connection between the speaker and the audience. Explore the fundamental definition and significance of Speeches in Oral Communication in this insightful exploration.

Best Example of Speeches in Oral Communication

Among the myriad of impactful speeches, Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” stands as an epitome of eloquence and inspiration. Delivered during the 1963 March on Washington, this iconic speech advocated for civil rights and equality. King’s masterful use of rhetoric, powerful metaphors, and unwavering passion left an indelible mark, transcending time. This example of Speeches in Oral Communication showcases the profound impact a well-crafted speech can have in shaping history and stirring societal change. Explore the nuances and brilliance of this timeless address.

30 Examples of speeches in Oral Communication

Uncover the richness of effective communication with these 30 Speeches in Oral Communication examples. From historic addresses to modern talks, this diverse collection offers a holistic view of impactful verbal expressions. Elevate your communication skills by studying these instances, each a masterclass in connecting with an audience, navigating various styles, and delivering messages with resonance.

• Martin Luther King Jr.’s “I Have a Dream”: King’s eloquent call for civil rights resonates with timeless power, showcasing the impact of passionate rhetoric.
• Steve Jobs’ Stanford Commencement Address: Jobs’ speech is a testament to the art of storytelling, inspiring graduates with personal anecdotes and wisdom.
• Malala Yousafzai’s United Nations Speech: Malala’s courageous words advocate for education, exemplifying the transformative power of conviction.
• Winston Churchill’s “We Shall Fight on the Beaches”: Churchill’s wartime oration is a model of resilience and leadership in the face of adversity.
• Oprah Winfrey’s Golden Globes Speech: Oprah’s empowering address emphasizes the importance of truth and inclusivity, leaving an indelible mark on her audience.
• Abraham Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address: Lincoln’s succinct yet profound speech memorializes sacrifice and commitment to a united nation.
• Emma Watson’s He For She Campaign Speech: Watson’s advocacy for gender equality showcases the impact of using celebrity influence for a noble cause.
• Barack Obama’s Farewell Address: Obama’s farewell speech combines reflection and hope, offering a compelling narrative for the nation’s future.
• J.K. Rowling’s Harvard Commencement Speech: Rowling’s candid revelations about failure and resilience make for a memorable lesson in life’s challenges.
• Nelson Mandela’s Inaugural Address: Mandela’s speech embraces reconciliation, embodying the spirit of unity and forgiveness.
• Elon Musk’s SpaceX Interplanetary Transport System Presentation: Musk’s visionary talk on interplanetary travel blends technical details with futuristic optimism, showcasing effective communication in complex fields.
• Susan Cain’s “The Power of Introverts” TED Talk: Cain’s speech challenges societal perceptions, emphasizing the strengths of introverted personalities in a world that often celebrates extroversion.
• John F. Kennedy’s Inaugural Address: Kennedy’s iconic speech inspires with its call to civic duty and cooperation, setting the tone for a new era.
• Sheryl Sandberg’s TED Talk on “Why We Have Too Few Women Leaders”: Sandberg’s frank discussion on gender and leadership offers practical insights, making it a landmark in the dialogue on workplace equality.
• Ronald Reagan’s Challenger Disaster Address: Reagan’s empathetic and consoling speech during tragedy showcases the role of leadership in times of crisis.
• TED Talk by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie on “We Should All Be Feminists”: Adichie’s eloquent advocacy for gender equality serves as a compelling example of using speech to challenge societal norms.
• Abdul Sattar Edhi’s Acceptance Speech for the Nishan-e-Imtiaz: Edhi’s humble and heartfelt speech reflects his dedication to humanitarian causes, leaving a lasting impact on listeners.
• Bill Gates’ Harvard Commencement Address: Gates’ speech combines humour and wisdom, offering valuable insights on success, failure, and the pursuit of knowledge.
• Michelle Obama’s Democratic National Convention Speech (2016): Obama’s emotional and powerful speech emphasizes unity and hope, resonating with a diverse audience.
• TED Talk by Simon Sinek on “How Great Leaders Inspire Action”: Sinek’s Golden Circle concept provides a unique perspective on effective communication, urging leaders to start with “why.”
• Harvey Milk’s “Hope” Speech: Milk’s historic address advocates for LGBTQ+ rights with a message of hope and solidarity, showcasing the power of conviction.
• Aung San Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize Acceptance Speech: Suu Kyi’s graceful and composed speech underlines the importance of nonviolent resistance and human rights.
• Al Pacino’s “Inches” Speech from “Any Given Sunday”: Pacino’s impassioned locker room speech illustrates the importance of determination and teamwork in the face of challenges.
• Temple Grandin’s TED Talk on “The World Needs All Kinds of Minds”: Grandin’s speech demystifies autism, fostering understanding and acceptance through her personal experiences.
• Robin Williams’ “Carpe Diem” Speech from “Dead Poets Society”: Williams’ portrayal of a teacher inspires students to seize the day and embrace individuality.
• Indira Gandhi’s “Emergency” Speech: Gandhi’s announcement of a state of emergency demonstrates the complexities of political communication during crises.
• Stephen Hawking’s TED Talk on “Questioning the Universe”: Hawking’s speech combines scientific insight with humour, making complex concepts accessible to a broad audience.
• Charlie Chaplin’s Speech from “The Great Dictator”: Chaplin’s powerful plea for humanity transcends comedy, delivering a timeless message of peace and compassion.
• George W. Bush’s 9/11 Address to the Nation: Bush’s speech during a pivotal moment in history conveys strength, resolve, and a call for unity in the face of adversity.
• Greta Thunberg’s United Nations Climate Action Summit Speech: Thunberg’s passionate address on climate change exemplifies the impact of youth activism and urgency in communication.

Speeches in Oral Communication at Universities

Immerse yourself in the realm of Speeches in Oral Communication at universities, where eloquence meets academia. Navigate the nuances of addressing diverse academic audiences, honing persuasive techniques, and conveying complex ideas with clarity. This guide unravels the art of university-level oration, providing insights into captivating speeches that leave a lasting impact on both students and faculty.

• Professor’s Inaugural Lecture: In university settings, professors often deliver inaugural lectures, setting the tone for their academic journey. A well-crafted speech here outlines their research focus and educational philosophy.
• Student Council Election Speech: Student leaders use these speeches to articulate their vision, showcasing their communication skills and persuading peers to entrust them with leadership roles.
• Convocation Address by Guest Speaker: Invited speakers deliver commencement speeches, offering wisdom and inspiration to graduates as they embark on their professional journeys.
• Research Symposium Presentation: Academic conferences feature speeches where researchers present their findings, emphasizing the significance of their contributions to the field.
• Dean’s Welcome Speech: Deans welcome new students, providing insights into the university’s ethos and fostering a sense of community among the academic cohort.
• Alumni Success Story Speech: Alumni share their experiences and accomplishments, motivating current students and illustrating the transformative power of a university education.
• Student Research Showcase: Students present their research projects in speeches, showcasing their investigative skills and contributing to the academic discourse within the university community.
• International Guest Speaker Lecture: Universities often host renowned speakers, enriching the academic environment with diverse perspectives and fostering global awareness.
• Graduate Thesis Défense: Grad students defend their theses in speeches, demonstrating their mastery of the subject matter and engaging with faculty in scholarly dialogue.
• Interdisciplinary Symposium Keynote: Speeches at interdisciplinary events bridge gaps between academic fields, encouraging collaboration and showcasing the interconnectedness of knowledge.

Speeches in Oral Communication for Students

Explore the dynamic landscape of Speeches in Oral Communication tailored specifically for students. From interactive class presentations to extracurricular speeches, this guide illuminates the importance of effective communication in fostering academic growth, personal development, and future success.

• Class Presentation on a Literary Analysis: Students enhance their speaking skills by delivering analyses of literary works, fostering critical thinking and articulation of ideas.
• Debating Club Opening Statement: Engaging in debates sharpens students’ persuasive abilities, allowing them to present compelling arguments and counterpoints.
• Peer Collaboration Workshop Speech: Students lead workshops, demonstrating effective collaboration techniques and emphasizing the value of teamwork.
• Student-led Diversity Forum Address: Speeches in forums cantered on diversity and inclusion empower students to express their perspectives, fostering a more inclusive campus environment.
• Public Speaking Course Final Presentation: Students showcase their progress in public speaking courses by delivering polished and impactful speeches on topics of personal interest.
• Leadership Development Program Speech: Aspiring student leaders share their visions, emphasizing their commitment to enhancing campus life through effective leadership.
• Extracurricular Club Recruitment Pitch: Students hone their persuasive skills by delivering pitches to recruit new members for various clubs and organizations on campus.
• Volunteer Project Reflection Speech: After engaging in community service, students deliver speeches reflecting on their experiences, promoting a culture of civic responsibility.
• Internship Experience Presentation: Students share insights gained from internships, emphasizing the practical application of classroom knowledge in real-world settings.
• Study Abroad Reflection Speech: Those returning from study abroad programs share their transformative experiences, encouraging others to explore diverse cultures for personal and academic growth.

What is Speech Style in Oral Communication? 

Speech style in oral communication refers to the unique manner and approach individuals employ when delivering spoken messages. It encompasses a spectrum of elements, including tone, pace, pitch, and choice of words. Understanding the nuances of speech style is pivotal for effective communication, as it directly influences how a message is perceived and received. Let’s delve into the key components that define speech style and explore its significance in various contexts.

• The tone of speech reflects the speaker’s attitude and emotional state. Whether it’s assertive, empathetic, or persuasive, the tone sets the overall mood of the communication. Inflection, or variations in pitch, adds dynamism and emphasis to key points.
• The speed at which words are delivered contributes to the overall impact of a message. A well-modulated pace, coupled with a rhythmic flow, enhances listener engagement. Strategic pauses can also emphasize important ideas.
• The selection of words and the precision of diction play a crucial role in conveying the intended message. Whether using formal language for a professional setting or employing colloquial expressions for a casual talk, the choice of words shapes the communication style.
• Nonverbal communication, including gestures, facial expressions, and body language, significantly influences speech style. These cues complement spoken words, adding layers of meaning and aiding in the interpretation of the message.
• Effective speakers tailor their speech style to suit the preferences and understanding of their audience. Adapting to cultural nuances, educational backgrounds, and expectations ensures that the message resonates with listeners.
• The context in which a speech occurs greatly influences speech style. Whether it’s a formal presentation, an informal discussion, or a celebratory toast, being attuned to the context allows speakers to strike the right balance in their communication approach.
• Speech style is most impactful when aligned with the overarching purpose of communication. Whether aiming to inform, persuade, inspire, or entertain, a purposeful and well-crafted speech style enhances the effectiveness of the message.
• Cultural differences can significantly impact speech style preferences. Awareness of cultural norms regarding directness, formality, or informality helps speakers navigate diverse audiences with sensitivity.

In conclusion, the power of speeches in oral communication cannot be overstated. They serve as a conduit for ideas, emotions, and information, influencing audiences and shaping perspectives. For those keen on exploring further, resources like TED Talks offer a vast array of speeches from experts in various fields, providing inspiration and insight into the art of effective communication. Additionally, for practical guidance and skill development, the Toastmasters International website is an invaluable resource for anyone looking to hone their public speaking and leadership skills. These platforms not only provide examples of exceptional speeches but also offer tools and techniques to improve one’s own communication abilities.

Text prompt

• Instructive
• Professional

Speeches in Oral Communication at universities

Speeches in Oral Communication for students

Speeches in Oral Communication in classroom

Speeches in Oral Communication for teachers

Speeches in Oral Communication in the classroom

ORAL COMMUNICATION IN CONTEXT

Senior high school, types of speech styles.

• FROZEN STYLE

Used generally in very formal setting. Most formal communicative style for respectful situation Does not require any feedback from the audience Usually uses long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary The use of language is fixed and relatively static

Examples: national pledge, anthem, school creeds, marriage ceremonies, speech for a state ceremony

• FORMAL STYLE

Used in speaking to medium to large groups May also be used in single hearers- strangers, older persons, professional Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered Avoids using slang terminologies language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary that is well documented; is often of a standard variety.

Examples: meetings, speeches, school lessons, court, a corporate meeting, at a swearing in ceremony, in an interview or in a classroom

Examples: regular conversation at schools, companies, group discussion, teacher-student, doctor-patient, expert-apprentice

casual conversations with friends, family members, chats, phone calls and messages

5. INTIMATE STYLE

Completely private language used within family of very close friends or group Uses personal language codes Grammar is unnecessary Does not need complete language Certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions whose meaning is shared with a small subset of persons to person

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Writing Speeches

Quick links, keeping focus: the central point, main supporting points, introductions, conclusions.

Writing a speech consists of composing the central point or thesis, the main-point sentences, the introduction and conclusion, and planning effective oral style.

Since the organization of a speech is critical to the writing process, consult our organization page.

The central point is the message you attempt to communicate to your audience. Keeping focus on the central point is fundamental to speech writing.

Sometimes the central point is a thesis; sometimes the central point is a hypothesis. Sometimes, there is no stated thesis or hypothesis, but there is always a central idea and purpose that keeps you and your audience focused.

The Student Resources information on purpose is useful if you’re unsure about the central point.

For an additional resource related to writing for speeches, use The Writing Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , especially the “What’s your purpose?” section.

A thesis is a concise statement of your central point, normally included in the introduction and conclusion of a speech. However, your speech doesn’t have to be an argumentative to include a thesis statement.

A purpose statement is a clear statement about the objective you hope to accomplish. Whenever you write a speech, you have a purpose statement, although the purpose statement isn’t always explicitly stated—and it can get confused with a thesis statement. For help with the differences between a thesis and a purpose statement, we recommend “Thesis and Purpose Statements” by The Writing Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

If a thesis is necessary, the thesis section of the thesis section of the written rhetoric page may help as well.

There is no formula for success, but this video covers the essentials on speech thesis sentences.

The thesis is what you argue, and the main points are how you argue it. Because they’re so intertwined, you should carefully consider the main supporting points as you write your thesis. In other words, figure out what you intend to say before you try to capture it in a thesis.

Below are a few suggestions that experienced speech writers use when writing thesis statements:

• Use a declarative sentence; not a question.
• Use a complete sentence.
• General thesis : “We honor Elie Wiesel for his noble characteristics and his campaign against ethnic oppression.”
• Specific thesis : “We honor Elie Wiesel for his determination, consistency, and for his faithfulness to Yahweh throughout his life-long campaign against ethnic oppression.”
• General : Foreign policies in the Middle East.
• Focused : An analysis of the ways the United States has reacted to economic changes due to the oil industry in the Middle East.
• Example 1: If you’re speaking to elementary schoolers, it would be inappropriate to use graduate level vocabulary.
• Example 2: If you’re talking about architecture at an electrical engineering conference, use the thesis to connect the expected topic to the unexpected topic.

Here are a few high quality thesis examples (though possibly obscure topics):

• “The process the United States would go through to use a nuclear weapon can be broken down into two stages: the command from the president, and the official launch of the nuclear warhead by the crew.”
• “We honor Elie Wiesel for his determination, consistency, and for his faithfulness to Yahweh throughout his life-long campaign against ethnic oppression.”
• “Salvador Dali’s surrealist artwork can be identified through its focus on illogical scenes and exploration of the unconscious.”

For further direction, we recommend the Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) as an extra resource.

The main points support your thesis. The thesis is what you argue, the main points are how you argue it. Here are a few suggestions for writing main supporting point sentences:

• If any of your main points don’t argue in favor of the thesis, either the main point or the thesis needs to be changed.
• A main point should convey the purpose and focus of its respective section.
• Use declarative statements and complete sentences to announce main supporting points.
• Limit the number of main points for the audience’s sake. If you have more than four it will be hard for the audience to remember.

To reiterate, the main points of a speech are crafted as supporting evidence for the thesis .

If your thesis is: Typical characteristics of 1960’s Latin American fiction include non-linear narratives and magical elements.

The following would be satisfactory main point sentences:

• Magical elements often appear in 1960s Latin American fiction.
• Non-linear narratives characterize magical realism in 1960s Latin American fiction.

Additional resources related to main supporting points

• University of Hawai'i Maui Community College Speech Department : general guidelines related to main points and other supporting material.
• Calvin University—What Not to Do : a document about what not to do with speech main points.
• Lumen Learning : a variety of topics relating to main points, from how many should you have to how to highlight them as main points. Start about half way down the page at the “How Many Main Points?” section. While Lumen Learning also covers different ways to organize your main points, we recommend using our organization page first.

It will help you to prepare the introduction after preparing the main points. Just consider how challenging it is to introduce a speech if you don’t know what the main ideas of your speech are.

The introduction has two main purposes: to capture the audience’s attention and to state your thesis. Introductions also preview the speech so that the audience knows where it’s headed.

There are many ways to capture the audience’s attention: quotes, statistics, examples, a short story, a fascinating topic, a gracious mention of the event that brings you together, or even a question.

Once you have the audience’s attention, state your thesis. Stating your thesis will inform the audience of the speech’s direction and will focus their attention throughout the speech.

For tips regarding introductions, we recommend the Oral Communication Center, Hamilton College . The tips are short, helpful, and if applied, will improve your introductions.

Finally, it’s also critical throughout the introduction to establish your credibility. For this reason, your introduction should be well practiced and should allow you to communicate confidence. In addition, if you have any expertise on the subject material that you believe your audience needs to know, inform them without being snooty.

Conclusions are the final remarks your audience will hear, so they’re the part that’s most likely to be remembered. So make sure you take the time to craft a clear and memorable conclusion.

In general, a conclusion should restate your central point, though in a new way. This is important because in speeches the audience can’t reread your message; they simply have to rely on memory. Restating your central point—and, depending on what your professor wants, reviewing your main supporting points--will help your message to stick.

Another way to make your speech stick is to use the conclusion to reemphasize your purpose. For example, in a persuasive speech, call people to action. In other words, be blunt about what you want them to do. If you want them to vote, tell them how they can register. If you want them to pick up painting as a hobby, then show them where they can buy painting materials.

Try to make your conclusion memorable.

By this, we mean it’s important to carefully consider your final remark to make sure it concludes on a strong note that fits your purpose. Speakers often trail off in the end, undermining their earlier work.

As a foundational resource, we recommend the Oral Communication Center, Hamilton College .

Style refers to the way words, sentences, and groups of sentences create tone and personality.

How is speech writing different than writing a paper?

Though they share many principles (ex: the preference for active voice verbs), they have different principles of style: people perceive style differently when listening than when reading.

The differences arise because the formats are different: written word and spoken word. For an analysis of the key differences between spoken and written language, we recommend the Oral Communication Center, Hamilton College .

This handout by Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program contains fundamental public speaking tips. Luckily, it also contains an encompassing look at the basics of an eloquent oral style. Read the section titled “Writing for Speaking”; the list will be useful when creating sentences that sound better in oral rhetoric.

The following stylistic choices are particularly helpful with the spoken word :

• Brevity. Be as brief as possible. This article by Judith Kilborn (The Write Place, St. Cloud State University) provides a few ways to reduce wordiness.
• Prefer shorter sentences to longer ones. Long sentences are harder to follow.
• First person pronouns are widely accepted in speeches.
• Repetition helps the audience remember (ex: think of the repetition in King’s “I Have a Dream.” In a paper the audience can go back and reread; they can’t do that when listening to a speech, so repetition helps the audience connect ideas and follow the argument.
• The audience doesn’t have a dictionary with them; use words that are more tuned for the vernacular ear.
• Make sure you can pronounce every word you plan on using.
• Use transitions or “ signposts ” to announce, signal, and recap. This allows the audience to know where you’re and what to expect.
• Abstract : There are several possible outcomes that this decision can lead to.
• Concrete : Our choice to intervene in the Middle East can lead to destabilized elections, political turmoil, and religious conflict.
• Dry sentence : A family member was hit by an animal.
• Descriptive sentence : Grandma got run over by a reindeer.
• The use of contractions is generally preferred in public speaking; contractions are more conversational, which tends to be preferred in public speaking. Say these two sentences aloud and you’ll agree: “I do not think that is a good idea” or “I don’t think that’s a good idea.”
• Parallelism and alliteration create rhythm in a speech; use them wisely.
• Use inclusive language .

For further style advice, though not specifically for the spoken word, use our written style resource.

For further direction, please stop in the Rhetoric Center.

Additional resources and tips related to oral style

• Stand up, Speak out (University of Michigan Libraries) : An extensive and comprehensive resource on effective oral communication. Pay particular attention to the following sections: “Imagery,” “Rhythm,” “Parallelism,” “Alliteration,” and “Assonance.”
• Oral Communication Center, Hamilton College : A list of phrases to avoid for various reasons in oral rhetoric.
• Oral Communication Center, Hamilton College : A list of characteristics that help make every speech successful. Warning: the article uses language to make it sound like a checklist for an A on every speech; this is not the case. However, the list is helpful nonetheless.
• Oxford Dictionaries Blog, Avoid cliches : Evoking images for an audience helps them to understand and remember your speech, but using a cliché allows the audience to listen without visualizing. A creative example of effective imagery was when on the campaign trail Bill Clinton said “I will be with you until the last dog dies.”
• Contrast, figures of speech, examples, and triads : How Winston Churchill spoke.

In the speech “Bridges should be beautiful,” Ian Firth demonstrates an awareness of oral style. For starters, his sentences are short and easy to follow. His opening is the perfect example, “The world needs bridges.”

Look at the following excerpt from Firth’s speech:

“In this case, this is in Peru. This is using grass which grows locally and is woven into ropes to build these bridges. And do you know they rebuild this every year? Because of course grass is not a durable material. So this bridge is unchanged since Inca times.”

This could’ve very well been two or three sentences in a written text, but Firth uses five short sentences. This makes him easy to follow. However, it’s not perfect. The phrase “In this case, this is in Peru,” could be shortened to simply “This is in Peru.”

At the same time, he limits the speech to three main points: bridges should be functional, safe, and beautiful. This ensures the audience won’t get lost.

Firth carefully chooses his words. He uses descriptive language to paint pictures for the audience: “Or sometimes up in the mountains, people would build these suspension bridges, often across some dizzy canyon, using a vine .” He also uses alliteration in an effective manner: “Or Robert Maillart's Salginatobel Bridge in the mountains in Switzerland —absolutely sublime .”

And he is able to easily pronounce the words he uses, even foreign phrases like “Pont Du Gard.”

Since Firth is an engineer who has designed bridges for years, this speech could’ve used highly technical language, but Firth used the vernacular to adapt to his more general audience. On occasion, when technical language was inevitable, Firth swiftly defined the technical terms.

In addition, Firth uses first person pronouns (“I firmly believe”). This makes him more conversational and personable.

This next example, a Boise State University commencement address, is more of a mixed result than Firth’s speech: it embodies both good and bad oral style.

Let’s start with what Tiara Thompson does well. In the beginning, she uses descriptive language that invokes images. The following are examples: “As my fingers fly over the keys,” and “spacebar still blinking.” She also uses parallelism, as you can clearly hear around 3:25.

However, the style can be improved (amongst other aspects of speech writing).

Towards the end of the speech, she uses more abstract language and seldomly gives examples. The speech would’ve been more effective if she kept using descriptive language and if more examples were used towards the end. Her language becomes vague and abstract when she thanks the teachers for their hard work, not recognizing any one of them individually. As an alternative, consider: how much more effective would it have been if she gave an example of a teacher working hard and afterhours to help her succeed on an assignment ? After that example, she could’ve generalized it to include all the teachers at her college.

In addition, the language she uses at the end of the speech gradually becomes more and more clichéd. For example, at 5:08, she says, “make this moment last” and “we are so fortunate to be where we are.” Clichés make imagery harder, as we mentioned in the oral style section.

Though not necessarily related to oral style, this speech focuses on the speaker more than the average commencement. If she focused on something else, her audience would’ve been able to connect with her more. (What works better: a political speech with a politician rambling on about themself or one where the politician identifies with problems larger than themselves, such as a Detroit congressperson sympathizing with the victims of the Flint water crisis?)

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Delivering Your Speech

Methods of delivery.

There are four basic methods (sometimes called styles) of presenting a speech: manuscript, memorized, extemporaneous, and impromptu. Each has a variety of uses in various forums of communication.

Manuscript Style

“Marketing Mix” by Matthew Hurst. CC-BY-SA .

The word manuscript is the clue to the style. The speech is written and the speaker reads it word for word to the audience. Originally, it was done from the hand-written paper manuscript. Today the manuscript style is common, but the paper is gone. Who reads the speech to the audience? Answer: Newscasters and television personalities. In the old days, the manuscript was hand-lettered on cue cards, which were held next to the camera lens. Then paper scrolls, like printed piano rolls were used, especially in Soap Operas. Today, a special teleprompter (working like a periscope) is attached to the camera so the newscaster is looking at the lens while reading.

Why is the manuscript important and in use? Precision. In the news- reporting industry, every fraction of a second counts because broadcast time is costly. Also, the facts and names must be exact and accurate so there is no room for error. Errors in reporting decrease the credibility of the news organization and the newscaster.

The most regular use of the teleprompter for manuscript delivery is by the U.S. President. In fact, the teleprompter, used by every President since Reagan, is called a “Presidential Teleprompter.” It is made of two pieces of glass, each flanking the podium. They reflect the text from a monitor on the floor like a periscope. The glass on both sides has the same text, and the speaker looks alternately from one glass to the other as though looking at the audience through the glass. The audience cannot see the projected text. The speeches a President gives will often reflect national policy, define international relationships, and the press will scrutinize every syllable. It has to be more than brilliantly accurate; it has to be impeccably phased. Professional writers and policy experts compose the speech; and the President delivers it as though he not only wrote it, but made it up on the spot. That is the skill of a good politician, actor, or speaker. Those who are not skilled using a teleprompter or manuscript will sound stilted and boring.

Try This! Manuscript Delivery

Watch the local or national 6 p.m., 11 p.m. and 6 a.m. newscasts on the same T.V. station. Make notes on which news items repeat and how closely, or exactly, the phrasing is, even if different personalities are presenting the same item.

Memorized Style

The memorized style of speaking is when the manuscript is committed to memory and recited to the audience verbatim (word for word). In the days when elocution was taught, this was a typical approach. A speech was a recitation. The Optimists Club (a national organization) used to have a “Oratory” contest for high school students. Contestants wrote essays on a given theme, to create a speech at a specific time length (e.g.: three minutes). The essay was memorized and the delivery was judged by 1) the quality of the writing, 2) the accuracy with which it was recited; and 3) the precise length of time. Such contests seem archaic by today’s more casual and somewhat less formal standards.

Where is a memorized delivery style still common? Due to copyright laws and licensing contract agreements (other than scripts that are in the public domain), actors on stage are obligated to memorize the script of the play and perform it verbatim exactly as written. It is typical for speakers on high school and university speech and debate teams to memorize their competitive speeches. Corporate conventions often use large LCD monitors on the front of the stage as teleprompters. This allows the speaker to move more freely across the stage while sticking to his or her script. Some monologists (such as the stand-up comics mentioned at the start of the chapter) also use a memorized delivery style. In all cases, they create the impression that the speech is spontaneous. You might consider using the memorized delivery style if your speech is relatively short, or you know you will have to deliver your speech repeatedly such as a tour operator would.

Impromptu Style

Theoretically, an “impromptu” speech is “made up on the spot.” It is unprepared and unrehearsed. Often ceremonial toasts, grace before meals, an acknowledgement, an introduction, offering thanks and so on, fall into this category. While there are some occasions when a speech in those categories is actually prepared (prepare your acceptance for the Academy Award BEFORE you are called!), there are many occasions when there is little or no opportunity to prepare.

Impromptu speeches are generally short and are often given with little or no notice. Notes are rare and the speaker generally looks directly at the audience. It would be presumptuous and arrogant to declare rules for Impromptu Speaking. It is fair to explain that “impromptu” describes a range from absolutely no preparation, to a modest amount of preparation (mostly thought) and rarely incorporates research or the formalities of outlines and citations that more formal speeches would include.

Be still when you have nothing to say; when genuine passion moves you, say what you’ve got to say, and say it hot. – D. H. Lawrence

An indelibly memorable example occurred to me when my siblings threw a surprise 10th anniversary party for my Mom (Margaret) and our stepdad (Lidio). It was the third marriage for both of them, and they were in their 60’s. As soon as the yells of “surprise” subsided, Lidio picked up his wine glass and proposed a toast:

“Apr. 3 – Cheers!” by KimManleyOrt. CC-BY-NC-ND .

“I can’t believe this surprise! I don’t know what to say… um, Dino [his brother] when was that Yankee game Dad took us to when we were kids? It was 4th of July, wasn’t it? 1939? And it was like it was yesterday; and today reminds me of that day, when Lou Gehrig came out to the mound. He was slow, but we were all cheering the ‘Pride of the Yankees.’ He wasn’t playing anymore, he was too sick, but he looked around the crowd, and said ‘I’m the luckiest man alive.’ That’s how I feel with you all here today; to celebrate our 10th anniversary. I’m here with you and with Margaret; and I’m the luckiest man alive.”

The speech was short, emotionally charged, wonderfully articulate, and absolutely unprepared. The speech had one central emotionally charged message; simple, in words and phrasing, but complex by bringing an image of great sentimentality to the occasion. He was able to react to the moment, and speak “from the heart.”

In contrast, legendary magician Harry Houdini was often asked to perform for the amusement of his fellow passengers when sailing to Europe. I always associate “impromptu” with the stories of Houdini’s shipboard conjuring. Nothing was further from “impromptu.” The skill of the great magician was in making his illusions seem spontaneous with what appeared to be ordinary items that “happened” to be on hand. Houdini spent endless hours planning and rehearsing. The true illusion was that they “appeared” to be impromptu.

Take advantage of every opportunity to practice your communication skills so that when important occasions arise, you will have the gift, the style, the sharpness, the clarity, and the emotions to affect other people. – Jim Rohn

Extemporaneous Style

Sandwiched between the memorized and impromptu delivery styles you find the extemporaneous speech style. For this style, the speech is not completely written out. It is usually delivered with keynotes for reference. Most public speaking courses and books describe extemporaneous speeches as carefully prepared and rehearsed, but delivered using notes of key words and phrases to support the speaker. Phrasing is pre- rehearsed, words are pre-chosen, and the organization is fluid and well constructed. There should be no fumbling for words, no rambling, and length of time should be carefully monitored. The style does offer the speaker flexibility to include references to the immediate surroundings, previous speeches, news of the day, and so on.

The trouble with talking too fast is you may say something you haven’t thought of yet.” – Ann Landers

“Speech Notes” by Jess J. CC-BY-NC-ND .

How you develops the notes and what they look like are up to the individual, but a natural extemporaneous delivery is difficult if you are relying on a manuscript. Under no circumstances should the speaker be spending more than 20% of the speaking time looking at the notes. It would be ideal to practice so you only glance at your notes approximately 5% of the time of the speech.

Those who have limited experience in formal speaking find it helpful to write out the speech as though it were an essay, then read it, edit it, then create speaking notes from the text. This helps with editing and with thinking through the phrases. This process of public speaking was taught decades ago to my contemporaries and me and has fallen out of fashion. But it is a useful way of thoroughly thinking through the speech. If this procedure is used, it is advisable to rehearse the speech with the notes without the essay prior to delivering the speech. But be warned: having the fully written essay at the podium might detract from the delivery.

The extemporaneous style is the method most often recommended (and often required) in today’s public speaking courses, and is generally the best method in other settings as well. While it is not the only method of delivering a speech, it is the most useful for presentations in other courses, in the corporate world and in pursuing future careers.

• Chapter 12 Methods of Delivery. Authored by : Victor Capecce, M.F.A.. Provided by : Millersville University, Millersville, PA. Located at : http://publicspeakingproject.org/psvirtualtext.html . Project : The Public Speaking Project. License : CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
• marketing mix. Authored by : Matthew Hurst. Located at : https://www.flickr.com/photos/skewgee/3911933434/ . License : CC BY-SA: Attribution-ShareAlike
• Apr. 3 - Cheers!. Authored by : KimManleyOrt. Located at : https://www.flickr.com/photos/kimmanleyort/6897547042/ . License : CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives
• speech notes. Authored by : Jess J. Located at : https://www.flickr.com/photos/jessicajuriga/3988478147/ . License : CC BY-NC-ND: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives

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Oral Communication: Examples, Importance, Types & Features

Table of Contents

Among the various forms of communication, oral communication stands out as a fundamental and powerful tool. In this guide, we will explore its definition, importance, and various forms, while providing practical tips, examples, and strategies to enhance your oral communication skills.

Definition of oral communication

“Oral communication is the process of sharing information and creating meaning through the use of spoken language, including both formal and informal interactions.” Author: Julia T. Wood Reference: Wood, J. T. (2012). Interpersonal communication: Everyday encounters. Cengage Learning.

What is oral communication? 

The process of exchanging information, thoughts, and ideas through spoken words is commonly referred to as oral communication. It is a fundamental form of human communication that allows individuals to interact, express themselves, and convey messages directly to others using speech.

Oral communication covers various aspects, including speaking, listening, and understanding. It is a dynamic process involving both verbal and nonverbal cues such as tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures, and body language.

Nature of oral communication 

The nature of oral communication is essentially dynamic and interactive. Unlike written communication, which relies on written words, oral communication involves direct interaction between individuals through spoken words. It allows for real-time exchanges, immediate feedback, and the ability to respond to the needs of the situation and audience.

Alongside spoken words, oral communication incorporates nonverbal cues, including facial expressions, body language, and tone of voice.  These cues can greatly enhance the message being conveyed. 

Purpose of oral communication

Oral communication aims to effectively convey information through clear and concise vocal words. It fosters interaction, and relationship building, and facilitates collaboration among individuals.

Effective oral communication skills are vital in personal, and professional settings as they enable individuals to express themselves, listen actively, and respond appropriately to the needs of others.

Characteristics of oral communication 

There are several key characteristics of oral communication that shape how it is used and understood. Understanding these characteristics is essential for developing effective oral communication skills and successfully navigating interpersonal interactions in various settings. These characteristics include:

1/ Dynamic and interactive: Oral communication involves a two-way exchange of information between a speaker and a listener. It is an interactive process that allows instant feedback and clarification.

2/ Verbal and nonverbal cues: Oral communication includes the use of spoken words as well as nonverbal cues like facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language.

3/ Less formal: Oral communication is often less formal than written communication and may involve informal language. However, the level of formality can vary depending on the context of the communication.

4/ Spoken Words: Oral communication relies on spoken words as the primary medium of conveying messages. It involves the use of language, including vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation, to express thoughts and ideas. 

5/ Contextual and Situational: Oral communication is highly dependent on the context and situation in which it takes place. Factors such as the audience, purpose, and cultural background influence the language, tone, and style used by the speaker. 

Further Reading: What are the characteristics of oral communication

Types of oral communication 

Oral communication can be categorized into several types based on different contexts and purposes. Each type has its own specific characteristics and purposes, and being proficient in each type of oral communication is crucial for effective interpersonal interactions. Here are some common types of oral communication:

1/ Group Discussions: Group discussions involve multiple participants engaging in an exchange of ideas, opinions, and perspectives on a specific topic. This type of oral communication enhances collaboration, problem-solving, and decision-making within a team.

2/ Public Speaking: This type of communication involves one individual speaking to a large group of people. Public speaking is often used for informative or persuasive purposes, such as delivering a keynote speech or presenting a proposal.

3/ Interviewing: This type of communication involves one individual asking questions of another individual. Interviews are often used in job interviews, media interviews, and research interviews.

4/ Video Conferencing: This form of communication is similar to face-to-face communication but takes place over video conferencing software. Video conferencing proves beneficial for remote teams and individuals unable to meet in private.

5/ Telephonic Communication: This type of communication involves two or more individuals communicating over the phone. Telephonic communication is useful for situations where face-to-face communication is not possible or practical, such as in long-distance relationships or business negotiations.

6/ Informal Conversations: Informal conversations occur when individuals engage in casual and Unplanned discussions with each other. Informal conversations occur in everyday settings such as social gatherings, family interactions, and friendly conversations.

Examples of oral communication 

Examples of oral communication channels 

• Oral Reports
• Interpersonal Conversations
• Speeches and Lectures
• Customer Service Calls
• Team Huddles
• Radio Broadcasting

Oral communication tools examples 

• Voice Assistants: Virtual assistants activated by voice commands, such as Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant, offer convenient and hands-free interaction.
• Voice Recorders: Portable voice recorders or smartphone voice recording apps.
• Video Conferencing Tools: Video conferencing platforms like Zoom or Google Meet.

A demonstration of how we use Google Meet for day-to-day oral communication for remote working.

• VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol): VoIP services, such as Skype, or Nextiva.
• Telephones: Traditional landline phones and mobile phones.

Elements of oral communication 

1/ Speaker: The speaker is the individual or source who initiates and delivers the oral message. They are responsible for formulating their thoughts, organizing the message, and selecting appropriate language and delivery style to effectively communicate their ideas to the listener(s).

2/ Message: The message refers to the content and information intended by the speaker for communication. It combines both verbal and nonverbal components, such as words, tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures, and body language.

3/ Listener: The listener is the recipient of the oral communication. They receive process, and interpret the speaker’s message. 

4/ Feedback: Feedback is the response given by the listener(s) to the message conveyed by the speaker. It can be verbal or nonverbal and helps the speaker understand the effectiveness of their communication.

5/ Channel: The channel refers to the medium or mode of communication used to transmit the oral message. It can include face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, video conferences, presentations, and more.

6/ Context: The context includes the environment in which oral communication occurs. It includes factors like physical location, cultural norms, social dynamics, and the topic of communication.

7/ Noise: Noise encompasses any form of interference or barriers that affects the smooth flow of effective communication . It can be external noise like distractions or internal noise like language barriers .

8/ Purpose: The purpose of oral communication is the objective or intention behind the communication.

What are oral communication skills? 

Oral communication skills refer to the abilities and competencies that enable individuals to effectively convey their ideas, thoughts, and messages through spoken words.

These skills involve using language, tone of voice, body language, and other forms of nonverbal communication to engage listeners and convey messages clearly and persuasively.

1/ Active Listening skills: Active listening is a crucial skill in oral communication. It involves fully focusing on and understanding the speaker’s message, responding appropriately, and providing feedback or clarification when necessary. 

2/ Presentation Skills: Presentation skills involve effectively delivering information to an audience in a well-organized manner. These skills encompass organizing content, using visual aids effectively, maintaining audience engagement, and delivering a confident and impactful presentation.

3/ Flexibility and Adaptability skills: Being flexible and adaptable in oral communication allows individuals to adjust their message, language, and approach based on the needs and preferences of the audience. It involves being open to different communication styles, cultural differences, and unexpected changes in the communication context.

4/ Conversation Skills: Conversation skills refer to the ability to engage in meaningful and productive conversations with others. This involves initiating and maintaining conversations and showing interest in others’ contributions.

5/ Discussion Skills : It involves participating in structured group discussions. It involves contributing ideas, listening to others, and providing feedback or responses. Effective discussion skills can help facilitate group decision-making, resolve conflicts, and promote collaboration and teamwork.

6/ Telephonic Communication Skills : Telephonic skills involve the ability to communicate effectively over the telephone. It includes speaking clearly and audibly, using appropriate language and tone, and being attentive to the listener’s needs and concerns.

Techniques for improving oral communication skills 

• Practice Active Listening: Actively listening to others is a fundamental aspect of effective oral communication. Practice focusing your attention on the speaker, avoiding distractions can help you improve your oral communication skills.  Active listening encompasses three key aspects : 
• Cognitive: This involves actively paying attention to all information being communicated.
• Emotional: This aspect involves remaining calm and compassionate during the conversation.
• Behavioral: The final aspect of active listening involves conveying interest and comprehension both verbally and nonverbally.
• Expand Vocabulary: Enhancing your vocabulary can improve your ability to express ideas accurately and precisely.
• Use appropriate tone and pitch: Adapt your tone and pitch to match the context and audience.
• Seek Opportunities for Conversations and Discussions: Engage in conversations and discussions with others as much as possible.
• Use Visualization Techniques: Before important presentations or conversations, visualize yourself speaking confidently and effectively.
• Seek feedback and practice: Actively seek feedback from trusted individuals, such as mentors or colleagues, and work on areas that need improvement.

Benefits of improving oral communication skills 

Improving oral communication skills can bring a range of benefits to both personal and professional environments. For instance, it can enhance one’s ability to express ideas clearly and effectively, which can help in building strong relationships, both at work and in personal space. 

Moreover, clear communication can also help in avoiding misunderstandings, reduce conflicts, and promote collaboration and teamwork. Additionally, it can improve one’s public speaking abilities, which can help in presentations and speaking engagements. 

Importance of oral communication 

Effective interpersonal interactions rely heavily on oral communication. It allows us to express our thoughts, emotions, and ideas and enables us to understand others more deeply. Strong oral communication also fosters positive relationships, builds trust, and facilitates collaboration.

• Clarity and understanding: Through oral communication, individuals can effectively express complex ideas and information with clarity. It promotes better understanding and minimizes confusion or misinterpretation.
• Collaboration and teamwork: Effective oral communication is crucial for successful collaboration and teamwork. It enables individuals to exchange ideas, provide feedback, and work together towards common goals.
• Enhance Customer Service: In customer-facing roles, oral communication is essential for providing exceptional service. Clear communication helps understand customer needs, address concerns, and provide solutions.
• Persuasion and influence: Oral communication is a key tool for persuasion and influence. Through effective speaking skills, individuals can convince others to adopt their viewpoints, take action, or change their behavior.
• Problem-Solving: Effective oral communication is crucial for problem-solving and decision-making processes. It allows for effective sharing of information, active listening, and collaborative discussions.

Significance of oral communication at the organization level 

Oral communication holds immense significance at the organizational level as it impacts various aspects of operations, leadership, decision-making, and external interactions. Effective oral communication ensures smooth information flow and coordination, improving productivity and collaboration within the organization.

It plays a critical role in leadership, allowing leaders to articulate their vision and inspire teams. Decision-making processes benefit from clear communication, facilitating informed discussions and consensus. Externally, effective oral communication builds relationships and satisfaction with stakeholders.

Role of oral communication in a professional context 

In a professional context, oral communication plays a pivotal role in several aspects. It is essential for effective presentations and public speaking, allowing professionals to convey their ideas, and influence decision-making.

In fact, the Corporate Recruiters Survey indicates that oral communication skills are at the top of the list of abilities and skills that employers seek in their candidates.

Furthermore, oral communication is crucial in meetings and discussions, enabling effective collaboration, brainstorming, and problem-solving. It facilitates clear and concise instructions, and delegation, enhancing management abilities.

Overall, oral communication in a professional context is the cornerstone of effective teamwork, leadership, client interactions, and career advancement.

Methods of oral communication 

The methods of oral communication can be divided into two categories, mechanical channels, and non-mechanical channels: 

The mechanical channels include:

• Telephone conversations: Communication using telephones, where spoken messages are transmitted electronically.
• Voicemail: Leaving voice messages on an answering machine or voicemail system for others to listen to later.
• Conference calls: Communication between multiple parties in different locations through a telephonic connection, allowing for group discussions.
• Television broadcasting: Transmitting spoken messages along with visual content to a wide audience through television channels.
• Automated phone systems: Interactive voice response (IVR) systems that use pre-recorded prompts and voice recognition to provide information to appropriate destinations.

Non-Mechanical Channels 

• Debates: Structured discussions involve participants presenting arguments and counterarguments on a specific topic in an organized manner
• Interviews: Verbal exchanges between an interviewer and interviewee(s), often used for research or employment purposes.
• Speeches: Prepared and structured presentations that convey a message or express thoughts and opinions, often delivered at public events.
• Conferences: Organized events that bring together experts, and professionals in a specific field to share information, discuss ideas, and network.

Modes of oral communication

Understanding the various modes of oral communication can help individuals effectively adapt their communication strategies based on the context, purpose, and audience involved in a given interaction.

There are two broad modes of oral communication: 

1/ Intrapersonal communication: Intrapersonal communication refers to the mode of communication that occurs within an individual’s own mind. It involves the internal exchange and processing of thoughts and ideas. While it may not involve direct interaction with others, intrapersonal communication is essential for self-reflection, self-analysis, and decision-making.

2/ Interpersonal communication: This mode involves communication between two or more people in a face-to-face interaction, with each person taking turns to speak and listen. Interpersonal communication can be either formal or informal, and it is used in a variety of contexts, including personal relationships, business transactions, and social interactions.

Different styles of oral communication

There are several styles that individuals can employ when communicating orally, depending on the context, purpose, and audience. Here are a few common styles:

1/ Formal style: This style of oral communication is characterized by a structured and professional approach. It is commonly utilized in formal scenarios such as business meetings, presentations, or public speaking engagements.

2/ Persuasive style: This style of oral communication aims to influence or persuade the audience. It is often used in sales presentations, debates, or negotiations.

3/ Interactive style: Interactive style of oral communication involves active participation and engagement between the speaker and the audience.

4/ Storytelling style: This style involves the art of storytelling to captivate and engage the audience. It is often used in presentations, speeches, or public performances.

5/ Assertive style: Assertive style focuses on expressing thoughts, opinions, and needs confidently. 

These are just a few examples of different styles of oral communication. It’s important to note that individuals may employ a combination of styles depending on the specific communication context. 

Media of oral communication 

In oral communication, the term “media” denotes the various means or channels through which information is transmitted. Vocal communication can be conveyed through various media, which can impact the message’s effectiveness and reach. Here are a few common media of oral communication:

• Broadcasting: Broadcasting involves transmitting oral communication through mass media channels such as television or radio. It allows for the spread of information to a large audience, but it is typically a one-way communication channel.
• Video conferencing: Video conferencing combines audio and video to enable communication between individuals or groups in different locations. It allows for visual and verbal communication, which can enhance the effectiveness of communication in remote settings.
• Press Conference: A press conference is a media event where a spokesperson or organization addresses the press and journalists to make announcements, provide information, or respond to questions. It allows for oral communication between the spokesperson and the media. 
• Teleconferences : Teleconferences involve audio communication between multiple participants who are located in different places. It allows individuals or groups to hold meetings or discussions remotely, using telephonic connections or audio conferencing tools.
• Grapevine: Grapevine refers to the informal and unofficial communication network within an organization or community. It involves the transmission of information, rumors, or gossip through oral channels among individuals.

Principles of effective oral communication 

The following principles serve as guidelines for enhancing the effectiveness of oral communication, allowing speakers to deliver their messages clearly and achieve the desired communication outcomes.

1/ Preparation: Effective oral communication requires proper planning and preparation, including understanding the audience, and determining the topic, timing, and other relevant factors.

2/ Clarity of Pronunciation: Clear and correct pronunciation is crucial for ensuring that the oral message is understood by the receivers. As communication can become confusing when there is a lack of clarity in the message being conveyed.

3/ Natural Voice: Using a natural voice helps maintain the authenticity and effectiveness of oral communication. Avoiding artificial or unnatural tones enhances the overall impact.

4/ Logical Sequence: Organizing ideas in a logical and sequential manner enhances the communicative and appealing nature of the message. 

5/ Use of Suitable Words: Choosing appropriate and familiar words is crucial in oral communication. A simple and common language helps ensure that the receiver can easily understand and respond to the message.

6/ Courtesy: Demonstrating courtesy while addressing listeners creates a positive impression and fosters effective communication. 

7/ Emotional Control: Effective oral communication requires the speaker to maintain emotional control. 

8/ Control of Gesticulation: Conscious control of gestures is important in oral communication. Avoiding excessive or distracting gesticulation ensures that the focus remains on the message. 

Further Reading: Guidelines for effective oral communication

Similarities between principles of oral communication and written communication 

Both oral and written communication share fundamental principles that contribute to effective communication. Starting with clarity which is essential in both forms, emphasizing the need for clear and concise messages.

Understanding the audience which ensures that the message is tailored to the needs and interests of the receiver. Effective communication in both forms requires careful planning and preparation. Additionally, the use of appropriate tone and style enhances communication in both oral presentations and written documents. 

Related Reading: Similarities of Oral and written communication

Barries of oral communication 

• Technical barriers: Problems with equipment, technology, or software can interfere with good oral communication, especially in remote or virtual settings.
• Semantic barriers: Misinterpretation of words, phrases, or symbols due to ambiguity, double meanings, or lack of context can hinder the clarity and effectiveness of oral communication.

Related Reading: What are Semantic barriers of communication 

• Language barriers: When the speaker and the listener don’t share a common language or when the speaker uses jargon, technical language, or unfamiliar words, it can create communication barriers.
• Physical barriers: Factors in the environment, such as noise, distance, and unfavorable conditions, can pose challenges to mutual understanding between the speaker and listener.

Related Reading : What are physical barriers in communication 

• Lack of attention and active listening: When listeners are distracted, disengaged, or not actively paying attention to the speaker, it can hinder effective communication.
• Lack of feedback: Feedback plays a crucial role in oral communication as it allows the speaker to gauge the listener’s understanding and adjust their message accordingly. When there is a lack of feedback it can hamper effective communication.

Difference between communication and oral communication

Oral communication vs aural communication, oral vs purposive communication, oral communication vs public speaking, advantages and disadvantages of oral communication.

Further Reading: Strength and Weakness of oral communication

Advantages of written communication over oral communication 

Written communication has several advantages over oral communication. Firstly, written communication is permanent, which means that the message can be revisited, reviewed, and referred back to if needed. Secondly, written communication is more precise and accurate, as it allows the writer to carefully choose the words and phrasing they use to convey their message.

Further Reading: Advantages of written communication over oral communication

Advantages of oral presentation 

The oral presentation has several advantages that make it a powerful communication tool. One significant advantage is the ability to provide the opportunity for speakers to use body language, and tone to engage with the audience and create a strong emotional connection. Additionally, oral presentations allow for immediate feedback from the audience, which can help speakers to adjust their message in real-time.

Importance of audio visual aid on oral communication 

Audiovisual aids are essential in oral communication as they enhance the effectiveness of the message by making it more engaging and memorable for the audience. It plays a crucial role in illustrating complex ideas and reinforcing key points, enhancing the overall verbal message. By using visual aids, the speaker can also maintain the audience’s attention, reducing the likelihood of distraction and increasing their engagement with the message.

Related Reading: Audio-visual communication advantages and Disadvantages

What factors to consider while choosing oral communication 

When choosing oral communication as a means of conveying your message, there are several important factors to consider:

• Purpose and Audience: Clearly define the purpose of the communication and identify the target audience.
• Clarity: Focus on clarity and simplicity in your message.
• Content and Structure: Determine the key points and information to be delivered. 
• Delivery Style: Consider the appropriate delivery style based on the nature of the message, audience, and context.
• Timing: Consider the appropriate timing for your communication. 
• Technology and Visual Aids: Assess the need for technology or visual aids to enhance your oral communication. 

Frequently Asked Question

Q1) what is oral communication and examples.

Ans: Oral communication involves communicating thoughts or concepts using spoken language. Examples include face-to-face conversations, phone calls, presentations, and group discussions.

Q2) Why is oral communication important?

Ans: Oral communication is important as it allows for immediate feedback, clarification, and personal connection, facilitating effective understanding and collaboration among individuals or within a group.

Q3) What is oral information?

Ans: Oral information refers to the transmission of knowledge or data through spoken words or verbal communication rather than in written or visual form.

Q4) What is oral communication in business communication?

Ans: Oral communication in business communication involves the verbal exchange of information, ideas, and instructions within an organizational context, such as meetings, negotiations, presentations, and interpersonal interactions.

Q5) What is another name for oral communication?

Ans: Another name for oral communication is spoken communication.

Q6) What is oral language?

Ans: Oral language refers to the ability to communicate effectively using spoken words. It encompasses vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, and fluency in a particular language.

Q7) What is an oral presentation?

Ans: An oral presentation involves verbally conveying findings to an audience through spoken delivery. It often involves the use of visual aids and aims to inform, persuade, or entertain listeners.

Q8) Short note on oral communication?

Ans: Oral communication encompasses the interactive sharing of information. It allows for immediate interaction, feedback, and emotional connection, enhancing understanding and collaboration.

Q9) What is visual communication?

Ans: Visual communication refers to the conveyance of information or ideas through visual elements, such as graphs, charts, images, and videos, to effectively communicate and engage with an audience.

Q10) What is written communication?

Ans: Written communication utilizes written words as a means to effectively convey messages. It includes emails, reports, memos, letters, and other written forms of expression.

Q11) What is verbal communication?

Ans: Verbal communication is the use of spoken words to convey messages, ideas, or information between individuals or within a group. It includes face-to-face conversations, phone calls, and oral presentations.

Q12) What is non-verbal communication?

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Oral Communication: Definitions, Importance, Methods, Types, Advantages, and Disadvantages

Table of Contents

• 1 What is Oral Communication?
• 2 Definitions of Oral Communication
• 3.1 Clear Pronunciation
• 3.2 Brevity
• 3.3 Precision
• 3.4 Conviction
• 3.5 Logical Sequence
• 3.6 Appropriate Word Choice
• 3.7 Use natural voice
• 3.8 Communicate With Right Person
• 3.9 Do Not Get Guided by Assumptions
• 3.10 Look for Feedback
• 3.11 Allow to Ask Questions
• 4.1 Face-to-Face Conversation
• 4.2 Telephone
• 4.3 Presentation
• 4.4 Public Speech
• 4.5 Interview
• 4.6 Meeting
• 5.1 Speak in a Clear, Confident Strong Voice
• 5.2 Be Coherent
• 5.3 Avoid Using Filler Words
• 5.4 Be an Active Listener
• 6 Advantages and Disadvantages of Oral Communication
• 7.1 Quickness in Exchange of Ideas
• 7.2 Immediate Feedback
• 7.3 Flexibility
• 7.4 Economic Sources
• 7.5 Personal Touch
• 7.6 Effective Source
• 7.7 Saves Time and Increases Efficiency
• 8.1 Unfit for Lengthy Message
• 8.2 Unfit for Policy Matters
• 8.3 Lack of Written Proof
• 8.4 Expensive Method
• 8.5 Lack of Clarity
• 8.6 Misuse of Time
• 8.7 Presence of Both the Parties Necessary
• 9 Oral Mode is Used Where
• 10.1 What is oral communication in one word?
• 10.2 What is oral communication according to different authors?
• 10.3 What is the importance of an oral communication essay?
• 10.4 What are the methods of oral communication?
• 10.5 What is oral communication according to the authors?
• 10.6 What is the importance of oral communication?
• 10.7 What are the six types of oral communication?
• 10.8 What are the advantages of communication?
• 10.9 What are the disadvantages of communication?
• What is Oral Communication?

Oral communication implies communication through the mouth. It includes individuals conversing with each other, be it direct conversation or telephonic conversation. Speeches, presentations, and discussions are all forms of oral communication .

Oral communication is generally recommended when the communication matter is of a temporary kind or where a direct interaction is required. Face-to-face communication (meetings, lectures, conferences, interviews, etc.) is significant so as to build rapport and trust.

In other words, Oral communication is the process of expressing information or ideas by talking. It is predominantly referred to as speech communication.

• Definitions of Oral Communication

These are the following definitions of oral communication :

• Importance of Oral Communication

The following are the importance of oral communication :

Clear Pronunciation

Logical sequence, appropriate word choice, use natural voice, communicate with right person, do not get guided by assumptions, look for feedback, allow to ask questions.

The message should be pronounced clearly, otherwise, the receiver may not understand the words of the sender.

A brief message is considered the most effective factor since the receiver’s retention capacity is limited in oral communication . The sender should be as brief as possible.

The sender should ensure the exactness of the message. The only relevant issue should be included in the message and that too with accuracy.

The sender should believe in the facts that are being communicated to others. The oral presentation should evince the confidence of the sender.

The sender should present the message logically. The points to be spoken first and what should follow to convey the meaning and motives of the sender effectively to the receiver need to be looked into.

Words are symbols. They have no fixed or universal meanings. The meanings of words at that moment are in the mind of the sender. Therefore, the sender should select the words which are suitable and understandable to the other party and those which convey exactly the same meanings as the sender wanted.

A natural voice conveys integrity and conviction. It is advised to use a natural voice in oral communication .

It is essential to know with whom to communicate. If you communicate the right message to the wrong person, it may lead to a lot of problems. Be sure in recognizing the right person to communicate with.

Never assume that your listener has knowledge already of the subject matter. You may be wrong many times in such assumptions. You can be good only when you are confident in your message without any omission.

When communicating, if you are smart enough in collecting feedback verbally or non-verbally, you can quickly alter the message, if necessary.

It is important to give freedom to the receiver to rise questions whenever he feels ambiguity or confusion. In a way, the communicator should encourage the receiver to ask questions. Such questions are opportunities to clarify doubts.

Types of Oral Communication

These are the types of oral communication discussed below in detail:

Face-to-Face Conversation

Presentation, public speech.

Oral communication is best when it is face-to-face . A face-to-face setting is possible between two individuals or among a small group of people in an interview or in a small meeting; communication can flow both ways in these situations. There is always immediate feedback, which makes clarification possible.

Telephone talk depends entirely on the voice. It does not have the advantage of physical presence. Clarity of speech and skillful use of voice is important. There can be confusion between similar sounding words like pale and bale or between light and like.

Names and addresses communicated on the telephone are sometimes wrongly received. It is therefore customary to clarify spellings by saying C for Cuttack, B for Bal sore, and so on.

A presentation has a face-to-face setting. It is a formal and well-prepared talk on a specific topic, delivered to a knowledgeable and interested audience. Visual aids are used to enhance a presentation. The person who makes the presentation is expected to answer questions at the end.

It is the responsibility of the presenter to ensure that there is a clear understanding of all aspects of the topic among the audience.

A public speech or lecture, with or without microphones, has a face-to-face setting, but the distance between the speaker and audience is great; this distance increases as the audience gets larger, as in an open-air public meeting.

The purpose of a public speech may be to entertain, encourage and inspire. Much depends on the speaker’s skill in using gestures and using the microphone. Feedback is very little as the speaker can hardly see the facial expressions of people in the audience. A public speech is followed by applause rather than by questions from the audience.

An interview is a meeting in which a person or a panel of persons, who are the interviewers, ask questions from the interviewee. The purpose is, usually, to assess and judge whether it would be worthwhile to enter into a business relationship with the other.

Each side makes an assessment of the other. An interview is structured and is characterized by the question and answer type of communication .

Usually, a meeting involves many persons; there is a chairman or a leader who leads and guides the communication and maintains proper order. There is a fixed agenda, i.e., a list of issues to be discussed at the meeting.

Meetings are of many types, from the small committee meeting consisting of three or four persons to the large conference or the shareholders’ meeting. This type of oral communication is backed up by note-taking and writing up minutes.

• Methods to Improve Oral Communication Skills

These are some methods to improve oral communication skills :

Speak in a Clear, Confident Strong Voice

Be coherent, avoid using filler words, be an active listener.

one should speak in a confident, clear, and strong voice so that it is audible to everyone in the audience. Keep the pace of your speaking average, not very slow not very fast. While speaking, face the audience.

One should speak coherently with a concentration on your subject only. Try not to be distracted from your subject, try to prevent other thoughts at that time.

It is better to pause for a second rather than using filler words, such as “Yeah”, “So”, “Um”, and “Like” frequent use of filler words disturbs coherence and distracts the audience.

Verbal communication is a two-way process; you should, therefore, be an active listener too. Try to understand a question/query quickly, because it looks odd to ask to repeat the question.

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Oral Communication

These are the following advantages and disadvantages of oral communication :

Advantages of Oral Communication

Disadvantages of oral communication.

Following are the advantages of oral communication :

Quickness in Exchange of Ideas

Immediate feedback, flexibility, economic sources, personal touch, effective source, saves time and increases efficiency.

Quickness in Exchange of Ideas : The ideas can be conveyed to distant places quickly because this medium does not require the message to be written.

Immediate Feedback : Oral communication helps in understanding the extent to which the receiver has understood the message through his feelings during the course of the conversation.

Flexibility : Oral communication has an element of flexibility inherent in it. Flexibility means changing ideas according to the situation or changing ideas according to the interest of the receiver.

Economic Sources : It is an economic source of communication because the message is communicated only orally.

Personal Touch : Oral communication has a personal touch. Both sides can understand each other’s feelings, being face to face. The conversation takes place in a clean environment, which increases mutual confidence..

Effective Source : Oral Communication leaves much impression on the receiver. It is said that sometimes a thing can be communicated more effectively with the help of some sign. The use of signs or gesticulation can only be made in oral communication.

Saves Time and Increases Efficiency : This communication consumes less time and the superiors can utilize the time saved for some other more important work. As a result of this the efficiency of the sender increases.

Let’s discuss some disadvantages of oral communication :

Unfit for Lengthy Message

Unfit for policy matters, lack of written proof, expensive method, lack of clarity, misuse of time, presence of both the parties necessary.

Unfit for Lengthy Message : Oral communication is profitable in having a brief exchange of ideas only. It is not possible for the receiver to remember a long message.

Unfit for Policy Matters : Where policies, rules, or other important messages are to be communicated, oral communication has no importance.

Lack of Written Proof : In the case of oral communication no written proof is left for future reference. Therefore, sometimes difficulty has to be faced.

Expensive Method : When less important information is sent to distant places through telephone, etc. oral communication proves costly.

Lack of Clarity : This is possible when there is little time for conversation. Sometimes wrong can be uttered in a hurry, which can lead to adverse results.

Misuse of Time : Oral communication is considered a misuse of time when during meetings the conversation is lengthened unnecessarily. Parties involved in the communication waste their time in useless talks.

Presence of Both the Parties Necessary : In oral communication, it is essential for the sender and the receiver to be present face to face, it does not mean in the physical sense. But in written communication , one party is required.

• Oral Mode is Used Where

These are the following points where we used oral mode :

• Personal authentication is needed. e.g., between an officer and her personal secretary; a journalist and her source (“I heard it from a reliable source”)
• Social or gregarious needs must be met. e.g.,’ speaking with a visiting delegation
• Warmth and personal qualities are called for. e.g., group or team interaction
• Exactitude and precision are not vitally important. e.g., brainstorming for ideas I
• Situations demand maximum understanding. e.g., sorting out problems or differences between individuals, or between two groups such as administration and students.
• An atmosphere of openness is desired. e.g., talks between management and. workers
• Added impact is needed to get the receiver’s focus. e.g., a chairperson of an organization addressing the staff; a presidential or royal address to a nation
• Decisions or information have to be communicated quickly. e.g., officers issuing officers during natural disasters such as floods or an earthquake
• Confidential matters are to be discussed. e.g., exchange of positive or negative information about an organization or an individual. In the process of appointments or promotion or selection of individuals, a period of open discussion may precede the final decision that is recorded in writing.

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FAQ Related to Oral Communication

What is oral communication in one word.

Oral communication expresses ideas through the spoken word.

What is oral communication according to different authors?

Oral communication takes place when spoken words are used to transfer information and understanding from one person to another. BY S. K. Kapur

What is the importance of an oral communication essay?

The following are the importance of oral communication: Clear Pronunciation, Brevity, Precision, Conviction, Logical Sequence, Appropriate Word Choice, Use of natural voice, etc.

What are the methods of oral communication?

Following are some methods to improve oral communication skills: Speak in a Clear, Confident Strong Voice, Be Coherent, Avoid Using Filler Words, Be an Active Listener, etc.

What is oral communication according to the authors?

Oral communication expresses ideas through the spoken word. By  Bovee

What is the importance of oral communication?

Following are the importance of oral communication: 1. Clear Pronunciation 2. Brevity 3. Precision 4. Conviction 5. Logical Sequence 6. Appropriate Word Choice 7. Use a natural voice 8. Communicate With Right Person 9. Do Not Get Guided by Assumptions 10. Look for Feedback 11. Allow to Ask Questions.

What are the six types of oral communication?

These are the six types of oral communication: 1. Face-to-Face Conversation 2. Telephone 3. Presentation 4. Public Speech 5. Interview 6. Meeting.

What are the advantages of communication?

Advantages of Communication given below: 1. Quickness in Exchange of Ideas 2. Immediate Feedback 3. Flexibility 4. Economic Sources 5. Personal Touch 6. Effective Source 7. Saves Time and Increases Efficiency.

What are the disadvantages of communication?

Disadvantages of Communication: 1. Unfit for Lengthy Message 2. Unfit for Policy Matters 3. Lack of Written Proof 4. Expensive Method 5. Lack of Clarity 6. Misuse of Time 7. Presence of Both the Parties Necessary.

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Home » Topics » Lessons Explained » Oral Communication in Context | Types of Speech Styles

Oral Communication in Context | Types of Speech Styles

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Who among you here finds it hard to understand speech styles? If you are still confuse about this topic in Oral Communication in context, you are in the right page. Today, I’m going to focus in explaining speech styles with various examples real life conversation. I hope you’ll take note some important details that you will learn from here.  Let’s get started.

Context is one of the natures of communication. The environment or the situation where communication occurs has direct relation to speech styles. There are actually five speech styles. We have intimate, casual, consultative, formal and frozen.

1.Intimate – This style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or intimate individuals. The language used in this style may no be shared or public.

Example: Proposing your love to your long time partner

2. Casual – This style is common among peers and friends. Jargon, slang, street language, gay language or vulgar words are used in this style. This what you usually use in your daily conversations.

Example: Talking about NBA finals with your friends

3. Consultative – This style is the standard one. Professional or mutually acceptable language is a must in this style. Most of the time one person is superior here.

Example : Students asking her teachers about the requirements in the recent project.

4. Formal – This style is used in formal settings. Unlike the consultative style, this is one way. Think of all the formal events that you have attended.  All of those require formal conversation.

Example : Reading news reports, delivering a speech

5. Frozen – This style is “frozen” in time and remains unchanged. It mostly occurs in ceremonies.

Example : Reading pledge of allegiance to the flag

These are the speech styles that we have.  We cannot say that we are only limited to one style for we have different contexts of conversation in our daily living.

I hope you learned something from this post.  Thank you so much for reading. Feel free to ask questions here.

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Oral Communication in Context Quarter 1 – Module 7: Types of Speech Act

This module Types of Speech Act was designed to make you better understand the following:

A. Types of Speech Act;

B. Locution (Utterance);

C. Illocution (Intention); and

D. Perlocution (Response).

As you go through this module, you will have a deeper understanding of the nature and elements of oral communication in context, and design and perform effective controlled and uncontrolled oral communication activities based on context.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. define speech acts;

2. distinguish types of speech act; and

3. recognize that communicative competence requires understanding of speech acts.

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Speech and Written Forms of Communication

1. introduction to communication.

Man is a social animal. He cannot live in isolation. Therefore, the need to communicate is basic to each living individual. In this unit, we will give emphasis to the science of language and its manifestation in auditory and visual communication. One of the major requirements for any engineer and designer is the ability to communicate effectively. A "speaker" or a "writer" has a message he wants to transmit. In the case of an engineer, he must transmit the details of some form of analysis. The "listener" or "reader's" job is to understand and absorb that information. All sciences, be it social or physical, are forms of communication. Laws, codes, regulations, formulas, procedures, and accepted practices are communication methods. Developing the skill necessary for clear and effective communication is an important aspect of your education. Since many of your engineering are "visual" in nature, we will give considerable emphasis to the written forms of communication.

1.1. Definition and Importance

Business communication generally involves speaking and writing. In addition, executives are measured for their written and oral communication abilities. Therefore, the facilities of good written and oral communication should be acquired. It is important to know the principles and practice for these two types of communication, how to overcome their problems, and be able to use the abilities effectively. The ability to use written and oral communication enables a person to transmit messages effectively. To transmit messages effectively, the author must have an objective worth communicating and must be familiar with the persons with whom the communication will be encountered, their apprehension, and the medium through which the communication will be delivered. The technique of good writing and speaking, the subject of chapter 2, is not a collection of rules to be memorized; it constitutes a full set of communication skills that empower writers and speakers to offer meaningful information. Successful written and oral communication emanates from work that has meaning to the author. Such work communicates these meanings to the reader or listener. When we are writing a communication or preparing to speak, we must take into account our listeners, who are the receivers of the message. The basic element underlying the practice of communication arts is audience orientation. The author should adapt his or her behavior to the audience. He or she must be aware of the need to shape the message according to the characteristics, needs, and anxiety of the audience as well as the context in which the audience encounters the message. The art of good writing and speaking follows from a self-conscious awareness of one's purpose, an appreciation for the audience, and the skill of using the media to make connections with people. Effective communication skills are basic tools in time management. There should be tools to save time by clarifying data, solving problems by promoting coordination, stimulating action through inspiration, and fostering relationships.

2. Speech as a Form of Communication

Word/Phrase Form - ... a structure, organization, or pattern, as distinguished from the matter it contains... Exercise Speech as a Form of Communication J.H. Kaas, in reference to Duane and Harriet W. Neel, the authors of the essay on iconic communication, noted that "the essence of the system used by all apes and monkeys involves vocal gestures or facial or hand signals...". Vocal gestures or oral communication has been the primary form of transmittal of information from one person to another within much of human history. The use of spoken language is firmly based in the specialized organization of the human brain for speaking and hearing, a condition that is only approached in a rather graded manner in apes. The spoken language is also supported by the coordinated peripheral nerves and muscles for articulation and acoustical properties of speech sounds that are obtained by a human unique association of their actions. The key factor that distinguishes human spoken language is the presence of a human unique cortical-striatal loop that integrates thalamocortical inputs from sensory areas with cortical-basal ganglia output to motor areas that produce spoken words. In contrast, apes only show well-organized thalamocortical inputs to sensory areas from the auditory cortex; no loops connecting auditory or somatosensory areas (hand area of motor cortex to premotor and motor areas have been evolved in these animals). This syndrome 'bottleneck' in the processing of auditory information in apes can explain why they are not able to repeat speech, i.e., they hear the speech stimulus well but cannot process the information it contains in a similar way as the human brain, frequency-following its temporal aspects. The information in the speech signal is encoded in pulses that occur within the anatomical and physiological limits set by the peripheral nerves for the genitals and the muscles themselves.

2.1. Characteristics of Speech

Speech is the premier means for human communication. Its overall importance heavily depends on the productiveness of language and the relative ease with which complex and novel structures can be produced. An acoustic signal is transmitted by means of a specially adapted and highly inflexible articulatory system, which imposes strong constraints on the resulting external signal by being heavily steotalized in the form of a series of self-contained segments. This fact is balanced by speech's high degree of segmentation, rhythm, and intonation, all of which emerge automatically within specific parameters of variability. The temporal production of speech, at a rate alternating from 4 to 10 segments or 8 to 15 sounds per second, allows precise control of the exact moment in time that the signal is actually sent by the speaker, directly to the listener's ears. Furthermore, speech can signal the introduction of different, i.e., grammatical, information and context. In languages with complex morpho-syntax and rich phoneme inventories, subphonetic distinctive modifications of sounds can occur relatively often. The acoustic signal is also amenable to parallel transmission and permits the private reiteration of the linguistic signal simultaneously with the production of the speech act containing it, and/or without interfering with the processing of the information units it conveys.

3. Written Communication

People communicate with one another - including with customers and colleagues - both orally and in written form. Business and non-business communication involve related but distinctly different skills. In business settings - and often in interactions with external parties such as customers and suppliers - these two forms of interaction develop into separate specialties. Those who excel at oral forms of communication such as salesmen, receptionists, and telephone operators generally rely on people within the organization who are skilled at written communication. Business written communications include many types of documents such as letters, proposals, memos, manuals, reports, and electronic mail. The written word is used in a variety of ways to accomplish many goals, including responding to customer requests, drawing new business, explaining employee policies, informing current and potential customers, laying out complex procedures to solve problems, delivering messages, and following up on deals or legal contracts. As the range of this partial list suggests, business written communications are complex and encompass a wide range of documents and communication settings. On the one hand, because of its importance, most businesses have professional writers, and many employees communicate skillfully in the written word. On the other hand, written business communications have a different social reality. Business communications also have a distinctive social reality, and written business communication has its own conventions and formal outlines.

3.1. Advantages and Disadvantages

Speech as a form of communication - as a vehicle for the interchange of shared meanings - is limited in terms of scope and permanence. The widest scope of regular face-to-face speech communication is confined within a small group, since the larger the gathering, the more limited the possibility for each participant to have the floor. Written forms of communication, however, enable the producer's or producer's intended messages to be delivered and absorbed by essentially as many people as desired, and at one time if need be. Written forms ensure greater permanence, particularly through recording in some durable form, and in terms of time will last long enough to establish a record for the purpose for which the message is sent. Spoken language has the advantage of being dynamic, immediate, and vibrant, with the addition of both language and non-language audio cues enhancing and facilitating communicative interaction. However, dictation to a secretary or line creative writing through dictation requires such high-order language access that virtually all attention must be given to the process of getting the communication written down. Recorded spoken communication can be read later, but the extra effort required to store recorded spoken communication and mechanically eject relevant segments remains a limitation. Founding documents have to be written forms of communication to ensure accuracy, definitive reflection, and to create a durable information base. Hence and indeed, the greatest limitation on word communication is that it only momentarily reflects communicator reality data, outlook, or inspiration, unlike the more enduring reflective capacity.

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