assignment character in c

C String – How to Declare Strings in the C Programming Language

Computers store and process all kinds of data.

Strings are just one of the many forms in which information is presented and gets processed by computers.

Strings in the C programming language work differently than in other modern programming languages.

In this article, you'll learn how to declare strings in C.

Before doing so, you'll go through a basic overview of what data types, variables, and arrays are in C. This way, you'll understand how these are all connected to one another when it comes to working with strings in C.

Knowing the basics of those concepts will then help you better understand how to declare and work with strings in C.

Let's get started!

Data types in C

C has a few built-in data types.

They are int , short , long , float , double , long double and char .

As you see, there is no built-in string or str (short for string) data type.

The char data type in C

From those types you just saw, the only way to use and present characters in C is by using the char data type.

Using char , you are able to to represent a single character – out of the 256 that your computer recognises. It is most commonly used to represent the characters from the ASCII chart.

The single characters are surrounded by single quotation marks .

The examples below are all char s – even a number surrounded by single quoation marks and a single space is a char in C:

Every single letter, symbol, number and space surrounded by single quotation marks is a single piece of character data in C.

What if you want to present more than one single character?

The following is not a valid char – despite being surrounded by single quotation marks. This is because it doesn't include only a single character inside the single quotation marks:

'freeCodeCamp is awesome'

When many single characters are strung together in a group, like the sentence you see above, a string is created. In that case, when you are using strings, instead of single quotation marks you should only use double quotation marks.

"freeCodeCamp is awesome"

How to declare variables in C

So far you've seen how text is presented in C.

What happens, though, if you want to store text somewhere? After all, computers are really good at saving information to memory for later retrieval and use.

The way you store data in C, and in most programming languages, is in variables.

Essentially, you can think of variables as boxes that hold a value which can change throughout the life of a program. Variables allocate space in the computer's memory and let C know that you want some space reserved.

C is a statically typed language, meaning that when you create a variable you have to specify what data type that variable will be.

There are many different variable types in C, since there are many different kinds of data.

Every variable has an associated data type.

When you create a variable, you first mention the type of the variable (wether it will hold integer, float, char or any other data values), its name, and then optionally, assign it a value:

Be careful not to mix data types when working with variables in C, as that will cause errors.

For intance, if you try to change the example from above to use double quotation marks (remember that chars only use single quotation marks), you'll get an error when you compile the code:

As mentioned earlier on, C doesn't have a built-in string data type. That also means that C doesn't have string variables!

How to create arrays in C

An array is essentially a variable that stores multiple values. It's a collection of many items of the same type.

As with regular variables, there are many different types of arrays because arrays can hold only items of the same data type. There are arrays that hold only int s, only float s, and so on.

This is how you define an array of ints s for example:

First you specify the data type of the items the array will hold. Then you give it a name and immediately after the name you also include a pair of square brackets with an integer. The integer number speficies the length of the array.

In the example above, the array can hold 3 values.

After defining the array, you can assign values individually, with square bracket notation, using indexing. Indexing in C (and most programming languages) starts at 0 .

You reference and fetch an item from an array by using the name of the array and the item's index in square brackets, like so:

What are character arrays in C?

So, how does everything mentioned so far fit together, and what does it have to do with initializing strings in C and saving them to memory?

Well, strings in C are actually a type of array – specifically, they are a character array . Strings are a collection of char values.

How strings work in C

In C, all strings end in a 0 . That 0 lets C know where a string ends.

That string-terminating zero is called a string terminator . You may also see the term null zero used for this, which has the same meaning.

Don't confuse this final zero with the numeric integer 0 or even the character '0' - they are not the same thing.

The string terminator is added automatically at the end of each string in C. But it is not visible to us – it's just always there.

The string terminator is represented like this: '\0' . What sets it apart from the character '0' is the backslash it has.

When working with strings in C, it's helpful to picture them always ending in null zero and having that extra byte at the end.

Each character takes up one byte in memory.

The string "hello" , in the picture above, takes up 6 bytes .

"Hello" has five letters, each one taking up 1 byte of space, and then the null zero takes up one byte also.

The length of strings in C

The length of a string in C is just the number of characters in a word, without including the string terminator (despite it always being used to terminate strings).

The string terminator is not accounted for when you want to find the length of a string.

For example, the string freeCodeCamp has a length of 12 characters.

But when counting the length of a string, you must always count any blank spaces too.

For example, the string I code has a length of 6 characters. I is 1 character, code has 4 characters, and then there is 1 blank space.

So the length of a string is not the same number as the number of bytes that it has and the amount of memory space it takes up.

How to create character arrays and initialize strings in C

The first step is to use the char data type. This lets C know that you want to create an array that will hold characters.

Then you give the array a name, and immediatelly after that you include a pair of opening and closing square brackets.

Inside the square brackets you'll include an integer. This integer will be the largest number of characters you want your string to be including the string terminator.

You can initialise a string one character at a time like so:

But this is quite time-consuming. Instead, when you first define the character array, you have the option to assign it a value directly using a string literal in double quotes:

If you want, istead of including the number in the square brackets, you can only assign the character array a value.

It works exactly the same as the example above. It will count the number of characters in the value you provide and automatically add the null zero character at the end:

Remember, you always need to reserve enough space for the longest string you want to include plus the string terminator.

If you want more room, need more memory, and plan on changing the value later on, include a larger number in the square brackets:

How to change the contents of a character array

So, you know how to initialize strings in C. What if you want to change that string though?

You cannot simply use the assignment operator ( = ) and assign it a new value. You can only do that when you first define the character array.

As seen earlier on, the way to access an item from an array is by referencing the array's name and the item's index number.

So to change a string, you can change each character individually, one by one:

That method is quite cumbersome, time-consuming, and error-prone, though. It definitely is not the preferred way.

You can instead use the strcpy() function, which stands for string copy .

To use this function, you have to include the #include <string.h> line after the #include <stdio.h> line at the top of your file.

The <string.h> file offers the strcpy() function.

When using strcpy() , you first include the name of the character array and then the new value you want to assign. The strcpy() function automatically add the string terminator on the new string that is created:

And there you have it. Now you know how to declare strings in C.

To summarize:

• C does not have a built-in string function.
• To work with strings, you have to use character arrays.
• When creating character arrays, leave enough space for the longest string you'll want to store plus account for the string terminator that is included at the end of each string in C.
• Define the array and then assign each individual character element one at a time.
• OR define the array and initialize a value at the same time.
• When changing the value of the string, you can use the strcpy() function after you've included the <string.h> header file.

If you want to learn more about C, I've written a guide for beginners taking their first steps in the language.

It is based on the first couple of weeks of CS50's Introduction to Computer Science course and I explain some fundamental concepts and go over how the language works at a high level.

You can also watch the C Programming Tutorial for Beginners on freeCodeCamp's YouTube channel.

Thanks for reading and happy learning :)

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How to Declare and Use Character Variables in C Programming

C basic concepts.

In this lesson, we will discover how to declare and use character variables in C programming with this practical guide. Get hands-on with examples and take a quiz to reinforce your understanding.

What is Character Variable

In C programming, a character variable can hold a single character enclosed within single quotes. To declare a variable of this type, we use the keyword char , which is pronounced as kar . With a char variable, we can store any character, including letters, numbers, and symbols.

Syntax of Declaring Character Variable in C

Here char is used for declaring Character data type and variable_name is the name of variable (you can use any name of your choice for example: a, b, c, alpha, etc.) and ; is used for line terminator (end of line).

Now let's see some examples for more understanding.

Declare a character variable x .

Declare 3 character variables x , y , and z to assign 3 different characters in it.

Note: A character can be anything, it can be an alphabet or digit or any other symbol, but it must be single in quantity.

Declare a character variable x and assign the character '$' and change it value to @ in the next line.

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cppreference.com

Assignment operators.

Assignment and compound assignment operators are binary operators that modify the variable to their left using the value to their right.

[ edit ] Simple assignment

The simple assignment operator expressions have the form

Assignment performs implicit conversion from the value of rhs to the type of lhs and then replaces the value in the object designated by lhs with the converted value of rhs .

Assignment also returns the same value as what was stored in lhs (so that expressions such as a = b = c are possible). The value category of the assignment operator is non-lvalue (so that expressions such as ( a = b ) = c are invalid).

rhs and lhs must satisfy one of the following:

• both lhs and rhs have compatible struct or union type, or..
• rhs must be implicitly convertible to lhs , which implies
• both lhs and rhs have arithmetic types , in which case lhs may be volatile -qualified or atomic (since C11)
• both lhs and rhs have pointer to compatible (ignoring qualifiers) types, or one of the pointers is a pointer to void, and the conversion would not add qualifiers to the pointed-to type. lhs may be volatile or restrict (since C99) -qualified or atomic (since C11) .
• lhs is a (possibly qualified or atomic (since C11) ) pointer and rhs is a null pointer constant such as NULL or a nullptr_t value (since C23)

[ edit ] Notes

If rhs and lhs overlap in memory (e.g. they are members of the same union), the behavior is undefined unless the overlap is exact and the types are compatible .

Although arrays are not assignable, an array wrapped in a struct is assignable to another object of the same (or compatible) struct type.

The side effect of updating lhs is sequenced after the value computations, but not the side effects of lhs and rhs themselves and the evaluations of the operands are, as usual, unsequenced relative to each other (so the expressions such as i = ++ i ; are undefined)

Assignment strips extra range and precision from floating-point expressions (see FLT_EVAL_METHOD ).

In C++, assignment operators are lvalue expressions, not so in C.

[ edit ] Compound assignment

The compound assignment operator expressions have the form

The expression lhs @= rhs is exactly the same as lhs = lhs @ ( rhs ) , except that lhs is evaluated only once.

[ edit ] References

• C17 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2018):
• 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 72-73)
• C11 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:2011):
• 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 101-104)
• C99 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1999):
• 6.5.16 Assignment operators (p: 91-93)
• C89/C90 standard (ISO/IEC 9899:1990):
• 3.3.16 Assignment operators

[ edit ] See Also

Operator precedence

[ edit ] See also

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Assignment Operators in C

In C language, the assignment operator stores a certain value in an already declared variable. A variable in C can be assigned the value in the form of a literal, another variable, or an expression.

The value to be assigned forms the right-hand operand, whereas the variable to be assigned should be the operand to the left of the " = " symbol, which is defined as a simple assignment operator in C.

In addition, C has several augmented assignment operators.

The following table lists the assignment operators supported by the C language −

Simple Assignment Operator (=)

The = operator is one of the most frequently used operators in C. As per the ANSI C standard, all the variables must be declared in the beginning. Variable declaration after the first processing statement is not allowed.

You can declare a variable to be assigned a value later in the code, or you can initialize it at the time of declaration.

You can use a literal, another variable, or an expression in the assignment statement.

Once a variable of a certain type is declared, it cannot be assigned a value of any other type. In such a case the C compiler reports a type mismatch error.

In C, the expressions that refer to a memory location are called "lvalue" expressions. A lvalue may appear as either the left-hand or right-hand side of an assignment.

On the other hand, the term rvalue refers to a data value that is stored at some address in memory. A rvalue is an expression that cannot have a value assigned to it which means an rvalue may appear on the right-hand side but not on the left-hand side of an assignment.

Variables are lvalues and so they may appear on the left-hand side of an assignment. Numeric literals are rvalues and so they may not be assigned and cannot appear on the left-hand side. Take a look at the following valid and invalid statements −

Augmented Assignment Operators

In addition to the = operator, C allows you to combine arithmetic and bitwise operators with the = symbol to form augmented or compound assignment operator. The augmented operators offer a convenient shortcut for combining arithmetic or bitwise operation with assignment.

For example, the expression "a += b" has the same effect of performing "a + b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Run the code and check its output −

Similarly, the expression "a <<= b" has the same effect of performing "a << b" first and then assigning the result back to the variable "a".

Here is a C program that demonstrates the use of assignment operators in C −

When you compile and execute the above program, it will produce the following result −

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Home » Learn C Programming from Scratch » C Character Type

C Character Type

Summary : in this tutorial, you will learn what C character type is and how to declare, use and print character variables in C.

C uses char type to store characters and letters. However, the char type is  integer type because underneath C stores integer numbers instead of characters.

To represent characters, the computer has to map each integer with a corresponding character using a numerical code. The most common numerical code is ASCII, which stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

The following table illustrates the ASCII code:

For example, the integer number 65 represents a character A  in upper case.

In C, the char type has a 1-byte unit of memory so it is more than enough to hold the ASCII codes. Besides ASCII code, there are various numerical codes available such as extended ASCII codes. Unfortunately, many character sets have more than 127 even 255 values. Therefore, to fulfill those needs, Unicode was created to represent various available character sets. Unicode currently has over 40,000 characters.

Using C char  type

In order to declare a  variable with character type, you use the  char keyword followed by the variable name. The following example declares three char variables.

In this example, we initialize a character variable with a character literal. A character literal contains one character that is surrounded by a single quotation ( ' ).

The following example declares  key character variable and initializes it with a character literal ‘ A ‘:

Because the char type is the integer type, you can initialize or assign a char variable an integer. However, it is not recommended since the code may not be portable.

Displaying C character type

To print characters in C, you use the  printf()   function with %c  as a placeholder. If you use %d , you will get an integer instead of a character. The following example demonstrates how to print characters in C.

In this tutorial, you have learned about C character type and how to declare, use and print character variables in C.

C Programming Tutorial

• Character Array and Character Pointer in C

Last updated on July 27, 2020

In this chapter, we will study the difference between character array and character pointer. Consider the following example:

Can you point out similarities or differences between them?

The similarity is:

The type of both the variables is a pointer to char or (char*) , so you can pass either of them to a function whose formal argument accepts an array of characters or a character pointer.

Here are the differences:

arr is an array of 12 characters. When compiler sees the statement:

On the other hand when the compiler sees the statement.

It allocates 12 consecutive bytes for string literal "Hello World" and 4 extra bytes for pointer variable ptr . And assigns the address of the string literal to ptr . So, in this case, a total of 16 bytes are allocated.

We already learned that name of the array is a constant pointer. So if arr points to the address 2000 , until the program ends it will always point to the address 2000 , we can't change its address. This means string assignment is not valid for strings defined as arrays.

On the contrary, ptr is a pointer variable of type char , so it can take any other address. As a result string, assignments are valid for pointers.

After the above assignment, ptr points to the address of "Yellow World" which is stored somewhere in the memory.

Obviously, the question arises so how do we assign a different string to arr ?

We can assign a new string to arr by using gets() , scanf() , strcpy() or by assigning characters one by one.

Recall that modifying a string literal causes undefined behavior, so the following operations are invalid.

Using an uninitialized pointer may also lead to undefined undefined behavior.

Here ptr is uninitialized an contains garbage value. So the following operations are invalid.

We can only use ptr only if it points to a valid memory location.

Now all the operations mentioned above are valid. Another way we can use ptr is by allocation memory dynamically using malloc() or calloc() functions.

Let's conclude this chapter by creating dynamic 1-d array of characters.

Expected Output:

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Working with character (char) in C

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Reading time: 30 minutes

C uses char type to store characters and letters. However, the char type is integer type because underneath C stores integer numbers instead of characters.In C, char values are stored in 1 byte in memory,and value range from -128 to 127 or 0 to 255. In order to represent characters, the computer has to map each integer with a corresponding character using a numerical code. The most common numerical code is ASCII, which stands for American Standard Code for Information Interchange.

How to declare characters?

To declare a character in C, the syntax:

Complete Example in C:

C library functions for characters

The Standard C library #include <ctype.h> has functions you can use for manipulating and testing character values:

How to convert character to lower case?

• int islower(ch)

Returns value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is a lowercase alphabetic letter. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

How to convert character to upper case?

• int isupper(ch)

A value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is an uppercase alphabetic letter. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

Check if character is an alphabet?

• isalpha(ch)

Returns value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is an alphabetic letter. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

Check if character is a digit

• int isdigit(ch);

Returns value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is a decimal digit. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

Check if character is a digit or alphabet

• int isalnum(ch);

Returns value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is either a digit or a letter. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

Check if character is a punctuation

• int ispunct(ch)

Returns value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is a punctuation character. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

Check if character is a space

• int isspace(ch)

Retuns value different from zero (i.e., true) if indeed c is a white-space character. Zero (i.e., false) otherwise.

• char tolower(ch) & char toupper(ch)

The value of the character is checked other if the vlaue is lower or upper case otherwise it is change and value is returned as an int value that can be implicitly casted to char.

Find size of character using Sizeof()?

To get the exact size of a type or a variable on a particular platform, you can use the sizeof operator. The expressions sizeof(type) yields the storage size of the object or type in bytes.

In the below example the size of char is 1 byte, but the type of a character constant like 'a' is actually an int, with size of 4.

• All the function in Ctype work under constant time

What are the different characters supported?

The characters supported by a computing system depends on the encoding supported by the system. Different encoding supports different character ranges.

Different encoding are:

ASCII encoding has most characters in English while UTF has characters from different languages.

Consider the following C++ code:

What will be the output of the above code?

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C Pass Addresses and Pointers

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• Access Array Elements Using Pointer

Pointers are powerful features of C and C++ programming. Before we learn pointers, let's learn about addresses in C programming.

• Address in C

If you have a variable var in your program, &var will give you its address in the memory.

We have used address numerous times while using the scanf() function.

Here, the value entered by the user is stored in the address of var variable. Let's take a working example.

Note: You will probably get a different address when you run the above code.

Pointers (pointer variables) are special variables that are used to store addresses rather than values.

Pointer Syntax

Here is how we can declare pointers.

Here, we have declared a pointer p of int type.

You can also declare pointers in these ways.

Let's take another example of declaring pointers.

Here, we have declared a pointer p1 and a normal variable p2 .

• Assigning addresses to Pointers

Let's take an example.

Here, 5 is assigned to the c variable. And, the address of c is assigned to the pc pointer.

Get Value of Thing Pointed by Pointers

To get the value of the thing pointed by the pointers, we use the * operator. For example:

Here, the address of c is assigned to the pc pointer. To get the value stored in that address, we used *pc .

Note: In the above example, pc is a pointer, not *pc . You cannot and should not do something like *pc = &c ;

By the way, * is called the dereference operator (when working with pointers). It operates on a pointer and gives the value stored in that pointer.

• Changing Value Pointed by Pointers

We have assigned the address of c to the pc pointer.

Then, we changed the value of c to 1. Since pc and the address of c is the same, *pc gives us 1.

Let's take another example.

Then, we changed *pc to 1 using *pc = 1; . Since pc and the address of c is the same, c will be equal to 1.

Let's take one more example.

Initially, the address of c is assigned to the pc pointer using pc = &c; . Since c is 5, *pc gives us 5.

Then, the address of d is assigned to the pc pointer using pc = &d; . Since d is -15, *pc gives us -15.

• Example: Working of Pointers

Let's take a working example.

Explanation of the program

Common mistakes when working with pointers

Suppose, you want pointer pc to point to the address of c . Then,

Here's an example of pointer syntax beginners often find confusing.

Why didn't we get an error when using int *p = &c; ?

It's because

is equivalent to

In both cases, we are creating a pointer p (not *p ) and assigning &c to it.

To avoid this confusion, we can use the statement like this:

Now you know what pointers are, you will learn how pointers are related to arrays in the next tutorial.

Table of Contents

• What is a pointer?
• Common Mistakes

Sorry about that.

Related Tutorials

Next: Unions , Previous: Overlaying Structures , Up: Structures   [ Contents ][ Index ]

15.13 Structure Assignment

Assignment operating on a structure type copies the structure. The left and right operands must have the same type. Here is an example:

Notionally, assignment on a structure type works by copying each of the fields. Thus, if any of the fields has the const qualifier, that structure type does not allow assignment:

See Assignment Expressions .

When a structure type has a field which is an array, as here,

structure assigment such as r1 = r2 copies array fields’ contents just as it copies all the other fields.

This is the only way in C that you can operate on the whole contents of a array with one operation: when the array is contained in a struct . You can’t copy the contents of the data field as an array, because

would convert the array objects (as always) to pointers to the zeroth elements of the arrays (of type struct record * ), and the assignment would be invalid because the left operand is not an lvalue.

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I can no longer use the Multiple Tasks Assignment in my Planner app in MS TEAMS now. Is it disabled?

I used to be able to assign multiple tasks to the same person in Planner App of MS TEAMS by using shift / ctrl to select the task.

But I can no longer do it anymore now. Is this feature still available?

If not, is there any other work around to do the same function?

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Replies (5) 

• Microsoft Agent |

Dear Andy Wong

Welcome to the Microsoft Community, we are glad to assist you.

We understand that you are experiencing an issue where you are unable to use planner to assign tasks in Teams, and in order to better assist you, we need to confirm some information with you.

Are you using the Enterprise or Personal version of Teams and do you have an Enterprise or Personal account?

We have tested and failed to implement the multi-tasking feature of planner in the personal version of Teams, so we need to confirm with you the version of Teams you are using, which determines the subsequent troubleshooting and testing plan, so please reply and share the specific information with us.

Thank you for your understanding and I look forward to hearing from you.

Best Regard

Tracy | Microsoft Community Support Specialist

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Thanks for your feedback.

Thanks for the reply.

I am using Enterprise TEAMS of my company.

I used to be able to perform this - https://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/msoffice/forum/all/multiple-task-assignment/8251b84d-19bc-41d8-84ea-45904308e358,  but I cannot do it now. That's my question.

Dear Andy Wong,

As per the detailed description shared, I understand your concern and I would like to convey that I have tested the behavior at my end, where I noticed the workaround in the Planner tab added in the Team of the Microsoft Teams app for assigning the multiple tasks is not working or the functionality is removed from the New Microsoft Teams app.

I agree with you having the ability to assign the multiple tasks to the users at the once in the Plan of Microsoft Planner will benefit the users and I suggest you to take your ideas to the related development team by adding it as a feedback in  Planner · Community (microsoft.com)  &  Microsoft Teams · Community  which is the best place to share our ideas and improve the Microsoft products.

Appreciate your patience and understanding. Have a great day!!

Best Regards,

I have also same problem.

I use Enterprise version of Teams with more than 300 users affected by flaws (this is second one reported) caused by last Planner update.

I have requested in the Planner Community ( Multiple Assignment of Tasks to persons · Community (microsoft.com) ).

I don't think this will be resolved immediately. If anyone has workaround or suggestions as to how to assign multiple tasks to people, please let me know.

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Best Strongest Battlegrounds character tier list 2024

When getting into Strongest Battlegrounds, you want to make sure you’re playing with the best characters. When you’re up against top-tier players, every little stat makes a difference.

Strongest Battlegrounds tier list

Let’s face it: not all Strongest Battlegrounds characters are created equal; some are really terrible. However, a lot of it comes down to your skill in Roblox fighting games , how you like to play the game, and what movesets work for you. Also, sometimes you may just want a challenge. These are my choices for the best Strongest Battlegrounds characters in a tier list based on my experience.

These characters are just the best of the best. This boils down to a few factors, such as their lightning-quick attack speeds and passives.

• The Strongest hero (Saitama) – Monstrous damage output, but can be a little slow. However, Saitama’s ultimate is usually a one-hit KO, making him at the top of the Strongest Battlegrounds tier list.

Some of these can be a little slow, and some just don’t have the range. But if you’re looking for some fun and still crazy powerful characters to play in Strongest Battlegrounds, give them a go.

• (Destructive Cyborg) Genos – The overly powerful student of our S Tier Strongest Battlegrounds character. Using Machine Gun Blows, close-range combat is devastating, and Blitz Shot can create carnage from afar. When you master Geno’s combos, you’ll find his damage output is huge.
• (Brutal Demon) Metal Bat – Metal Bat has a great selection of attacks and combos, but two things make him stand out in Strongest Battlegrounds. This character can deflect moves with his bat, and more than that, any damage self-inflicted or otherwise charges their ultimate.
• (Hero Hunter) Garou – Opinions are often split about this character in Strongest Battlegrounds, but I think they deserve a high-tier ranking. His ability to deflect projectiles is fantastic, and his only real weakness is range. This combines with huge combos for ultimate destruction.

Choose these characters if you want to learn some new movesets. Taking a harder-to-play character will not only let everyone else know how confident you are in your skills but also pose a challenge. Taking a lower-tier character in Strongest Battlegrounds is the true move of an alpha.

• (Blade Master) Atomic Samurai – Too low on the damage, with pretty terrible range, and a moveset that be easily countered. However, this is a fast character just about keeping it from C tier.

Characters in the C Tier of Strongest Battlegrounds are only good for either learning the game or for the very advanced players. They are forgiving or very difficult to use.

• (Deadly Ninja) Sonic – This is a very fast character who specializes in sprint attacks. However, most can be blocked, so if you want to play Sonic, you’ll have to really learn the mechanics. This makes them hard to use and not forgiving of mistakes.

Don’t forget to stunt on your floored opponents with some of the best emotes in the game.

• SI SWIMSUIT
• SI SPORTSBOOK

Chicago White Sox Acquire Recently DFA'd Player From Houston Astros in Mini Deal

Brady farkas | may 15, 2024.

• Houston Astros
• Chicago White Sox

After recently being designated for assignment by the Houston Astros , outfielder Corey Julks has been traded to the Chicago White Sox for pitcher Luis Rodriguez. Julks has been immediately optioned to Triple-A Charlotte.

The White Sox announced the move on social media:

White Sox announce four roster moves: Prior to today's game vs. Washington, the Chicago White Sox announced the following four roster moves:

-Acquired: OF Corey Julks from the Houston Astros in exchange for RHP Luis Rodriguez

-Optioned to Class AAA Charlotte: Julks

-Recalled from Charlotte: OF Dominic Fletcher

-Designated for assignment: OF Rafael Ortega

pic.twitter.com/vQM7zRhTVl — Chicago White Sox (@whitesox) May 15, 2024

Given that the White Sox are 13-30 on the season, Julks figures to get an opportunity to continue his career and make an impact at the big league level sometime soon. The 28-year-old made his major league debut with the Astros in 2023, hitting .245 over 93 games. He had six homers and 33 RBI while also adding 15 stolen bases, as he helped the Astros advance to the ALCS for the seventh straight year.

The White Sox are currently utilizing Tommy Pham and Andrew Benintendi, and a revolving third door in the outfield. They will hopefully welcome back Luis Robert Jr. soon from injury, but perhaps Julks could see time at designated hitter or as a fourth outfield option for Pedro Grifol.

As for Rodriguez, he is 2-2 lifetime at the minor league level with a 3.93 ERA. He was signed out of Venezuela and is currently 20 years old. He is listed now as being part of the Astros Florida Complex League team.

Follow Fastball on FanNation on social media

Continue to follow our Fastball on FanNation coverage on social media by liking us on  Facebook  and by following us on Twitter  @FastballFN .

BRADY FARKAS

Brady Farkas is a baseball writer for Fastball on Sports Illustrated/FanNation and the host of 'The Payoff Pitch' podcast which can be found on Apple Podcasts and Spotify. Videos on baseball also posted to YouTube. Brady has spent nearly a decade in sports talk radio and is a graduate of Oswego State University. You can follow him on Twitter @WDEVRadioBrady. 

The 15th Anniversary cape

Get a special cape and today’s Character Creator item

Welcome to day 3 of our 15th anniversary celebration! And today is a special one, because it’s Minecraft’s actual birthday. Yes, on May 17, 2009, Cave Game came out and caused a butterfly effect that would lead to you reading this article 15 years later. Fascinating! And what better way to celebrate such a consequential day than with a free cake!!! Wait a second, how would we send... Oh I see, it’s not cake, it’s a CAPE!!!

Starting today, you can claim the exclusive anniversary cape to wear when setting out on your next adventure or on your favorite server. It’s yours to keep, so show it off however you want! Just don’t make any hissing noises or you might startle someone. Swoosh over to the redeem page to get yours!

Enter the cherry grove on YouTube

Liven up your content with the Minecraft Spring 360º YouTube Shorts effect , which immerses you in a stunning cherry grove with some fun surprises that you can explore using your device’s camera. Plus, I’ve heard something cool happens if you Google "Minecraft” during the celebration... But that’s just a rumor. *winks aggressively*

A kick-axe birthday wish

Who knew that our 15th anniversary would finally bring us our 15 minutes of fame? We enjoyed the birthday message we got from Jack Black and Jason Momoa SO much that we’ve even uploaded it to our own YouTube channel! Check it out:

Today’s free Character Creator item

Speaking of capes, did you know they were introduced all the way back in the Java Edition Beta 1.0? To be honest, I’m more of a fancy hat person myself. Which is great for me, because today’s freebie is the Ender Hood ! Wear this Character Creator item proudly, whether you’ve already bested the Ender Dragon or keep a healthy distance from the End. Head to the Dressing Room to claim it now! 

Three days into the 15-year celebration and there's no slowing down this minecart! How will the next surprise shape your world? Check Minecraft.net daily so you don’t miss out on the festivities.  

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Discover the best add-ons, mods, and more being built by the incredible Minecraft community!

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Book Review: 'Cujo' character returns as one of 12 stories in Stephen King’s ‘You Like It Darker'

Stephen King returns with a collection of 12 stories, “You Like It Darker,” publishing on Tuesday

In Stephen King’s world, “It” is a loaded word. It’s hard not to picture Pennywise the Clown haunting the sewers of Derry, Maine, of course, but in the horror writer’s newest collection of stories, “You Like It Darker,” “It” ranges from a suspicious stranger on a park bench, to an extraterrestrial being bestowing a gift that helps best friends realize their potential, to telepaths whose sole job is to keep airplanes from falling out of the sky.

Twelve stories makes up the book, with one of the longest (90 pages), “Rattlesnakes,” reintroducing readers to Vic Trenton, who King fans will remember as the father of Tad, the boy killed by the rabid St. Bernard Cujo in King’s 1981 novel of that name. Now 72, Trenton is riding out the pandemic at a friend’s waterfront property in the Florida Keys, where he meets a widow who also lost loved ones in a terrible accident. It’s fairly creepy, featuring long-dead twins trying to haunt their way back to life, but it’s hardly the darkest here.

I’d give that honor to “The Fifth Step,” which in just 10 pages should scare anyone who’s been paying attention to the true crime stories splashed across the screens of this country’s tawdrier news sources. But is it “darker,” really than any of the more than 60 books King has written in his illustrious career? Probably not, but perhaps the afterword quote from the author, also featured on the back of the hardcover — “You like it darker? Fine. So do I.” — helps sell books in today’s extreme world, even for a perennial bestseller like Mr. King.

The best of these stories, as is true with the best of King’s work, feature horror tempered with heart. I really enjoyed “On Slide Inn Road,” featuring a grandfather who’s still pretty accurate with a baseball bat, and “The Answer Man,” which poses the question, “If you could know anything about the future, what would it be?”

I’d like to know how much longer we’ll have to enjoy this uniquely American icon, who at the age of 76 continues to write and publish at a furious pace. This collection’s afterword reads like a recording from King’s therapist’s couch, or a confessional on a reality TV series. He admits “the only two times I ever came close to getting it all were in two prison stories: ‘The Green Mile’ and ‘Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption.’” Here’s hoping he keeps trying, because like millions of others around the world, I’ll read every word.

AP book reviews: https://apnews.com/hub/book-reviews

• C Data Types
• C Operators
• C Input and Output
• C Control Flow
• C Functions
• C Preprocessors
• C File Handling
• C Cheatsheet
• C Interview Questions
• Pointer Arithmetics in C with Examples
• Applications of Pointers in C
• Passing Pointers to Functions in C
• C - Pointer to Pointer (Double Pointer)
• Chain of Pointers in C with Examples
• Function Pointer in C
• How to declare a pointer to a function?
• Pointer to an Array | Array Pointer
• Difference between constant pointer, pointers to constant, and constant pointers to constants
• Pointer vs Array in C
• NULL Pointer in C
• Dangling, Void , Null and Wild Pointers in C
• Near, Far and Huge Pointers in C
• restrict keyword in C

Pointers are one of the core components of the C programming language. A pointer can be used to store the memory address of other variables, functions, or even other pointers. The use of pointers allows low-level memory access, dynamic memory allocation, and many other functionality in C.

In this article, we will discuss C pointers in detail, their types, uses, advantages, and disadvantages with examples.

What is a Pointer in C?

A pointer is defined as a derived data type that can store the address of other C variables or a memory location. We can access and manipulate the data stored in that memory location using pointers.

As the pointers in C store the memory addresses, their size is independent of the type of data they are pointing to. This size of pointers in C only depends on the system architecture.

Syntax of C Pointers

The syntax of pointers is similar to the variable declaration in C, but we use the ( * ) dereferencing operator in the pointer declaration.

• ptr is the name of the pointer.
• datatype is the type of data it is pointing to.

The above syntax is used to define a pointer to a variable. We can also define pointers to functions, structures, etc.

How to Use Pointers?

The use of pointers in C can be divided into three steps:

• Pointer Declaration
• Pointer Initialization
• Pointer Dereferencing

1. Pointer Declaration

In pointer declaration, we only declare the pointer but do not initialize it. To declare a pointer, we use the ( * ) dereference operator before its name.

The pointer declared here will point to some random memory address as it is not initialized. Such pointers are called wild pointers.

2. Pointer Initialization

Pointer initialization is the process where we assign some initial value to the pointer variable. We generally use the ( & ) addressof operator to get the memory address of a variable and then store it in the pointer variable.

We can also declare and initialize the pointer in a single step. This method is called pointer definition as the pointer is declared and initialized at the same time.

Note: It is recommended that the pointers should always be initialized to some value before starting using it. Otherwise, it may lead to number of errors.

3. Pointer Dereferencing

Dereferencing a pointer is the process of accessing the value stored in the memory address specified in the pointer. We use the same ( * ) dereferencing operator that we used in the pointer declaration.

Dereferencing a Pointer in C

C Pointer Example

Types of pointers in c.

Pointers in C can be classified into many different types based on the parameter on which we are defining their types. If we consider the type of variable stored in the memory location pointed by the pointer, then the pointers can be classified into the following types:

1. Integer Pointers

As the name suggests, these are the pointers that point to the integer values.

These pointers are pronounced as Pointer to Integer.

Similarly, a pointer can point to any primitive data type. It can point also point to derived data types such as arrays and user-defined data types such as structures.

2. Array Pointer

Pointers and Array are closely related to each other. Even the array name is the pointer to its first element. They are also known as Pointer to Arrays . We can create a pointer to an array using the given syntax.

Pointer to Arrays exhibits some interesting properties which we discussed later in this article.

3. Structure Pointer

The pointer pointing to the structure type is called Structure Pointer or Pointer to Structure. It can be declared in the same way as we declare the other primitive data types.

In C, structure pointers are used in data structures such as linked lists, trees, etc.

4. Function Pointers

Function pointers point to the functions. They are different from the rest of the pointers in the sense that instead of pointing to the data, they point to the code. Let’s consider a function prototype – int func (int, char) , the function pointer for this function will be

Note: The syntax of the function pointers changes according to the function prototype.

5. Double Pointers

In C language, we can define a pointer that stores the memory address of another pointer. Such pointers are called double-pointers or pointers-to-pointer . Instead of pointing to a data value, they point to another pointer.

Dereferencing Double Pointer

Note: In C, we can create multi-level pointers with any number of levels such as – ***ptr3, ****ptr4, ******ptr5 and so on.

6. NULL Pointer

The Null Pointers are those pointers that do not point to any memory location. They can be created by assigning a NULL value to the pointer. A pointer of any type can be assigned the NULL value.

It is said to be good practice to assign NULL to the pointers currently not in use.

7. Void Pointer

The Void pointers in C are the pointers of type void. It means that they do not have any associated data type. They are also called generic pointers as they can point to any type and can be typecasted to any type.

One of the main properties of void pointers is that they cannot be dereferenced.

8. Wild Pointers

The Wild Pointers are pointers that have not been initialized with something yet. These types of C-pointers can cause problems in our programs and can eventually cause them to crash. If values is updated using wild pointers, they could cause data abort or data corruption.

9. Constant Pointers

In constant pointers, the memory address stored inside the pointer is constant and cannot be modified once it is defined. It will always point to the same memory address.

10. Pointer to Constant

The pointers pointing to a constant value that cannot be modified are called pointers to a constant. Here we can only access the data pointed by the pointer, but cannot modify it. Although, we can change the address stored in the pointer to constant.

Other Types of Pointers in C:

There are also the following types of pointers available to use in C apart from those specified above:

• Far pointer : A far pointer is typically 32-bit that can access memory outside the current segment.
• Dangling pointer : A pointer pointing to a memory location that has been deleted (or freed) is called a dangling pointer.
• Huge pointer : A huge pointer is 32-bit long containing segment address and offset address.
• Complex pointer: Pointers with multiple levels of indirection.
• Near pointer : Near pointer is used to store 16-bit addresses means within the current segment on a 16-bit machine.
• Normalized pointer: It is a 32-bit pointer, which has as much of its value in the segment register as possible.
• File Pointer: The pointer to a FILE data type is called a stream pointer or a file pointer.

Size of Pointers in C

The size of the pointers in C is equal for every pointer type. The size of the pointer does not depend on the type it is pointing to. It only depends on the operating system and CPU architecture. The size of pointers in C is 

• 8 bytes for a 64-bit System
• 4 bytes for a 32-bit System

The reason for the same size is that the pointers store the memory addresses, no matter what type they are. As the space required to store the addresses of the different memory locations is the same, the memory required by one pointer type will be equal to the memory required by other pointer types.

How to find the size of pointers in C?

We can find the size of pointers using the sizeof operator as shown in the following program:

Example: C Program to find the size of different pointer types.

As we can see, no matter what the type of pointer it is, the size of each and every pointer is the same.

Now, one may wonder that if the size of all the pointers is the same, then why do we need to declare the pointer type in the declaration? The type declaration is needed in the pointer for dereferencing and pointer arithmetic purposes.

C Pointer Arithmetic

The Pointer Arithmetic refers to the legal or valid arithmetic operations that can be performed on a pointer. It is slightly different from the ones that we generally use for mathematical calculations as only a limited set of operations can be performed on pointers. These operations include:

• Increment in a Pointer
• Decrement in a Pointer
• Addition of integer to a pointer
• Subtraction of integer to a pointer
• Subtracting two pointers of the same type
• Comparison of pointers of the same type.
• Assignment of pointers of the same type.

C Pointers and Arrays

In C programming language, pointers and arrays are closely related. An array name acts like a pointer constant. The value of this pointer constant is the address of the first element. For example, if we have an array named val then val and &val[0] can be used interchangeably.

If we assign this value to a non-constant pointer of the same type, then we can access the elements of the array using this pointer.

Example 1: Accessing Array Elements using Pointer with Array Subscript

Not only that, as the array elements are stored continuously, we can pointer arithmetic operations such as increment, decrement, addition, and subtraction of integers on pointer to move between array elements.

Example 2: Accessing Array Elements using Pointer Arithmetic

This concept is not limited to the one-dimensional array, we can refer to a multidimensional array element as well using pointers.

To know more about pointers to an array, refer to this article – Pointer to an Array

Uses of Pointers in C

The C pointer is a very powerful tool that is widely used in C programming to perform various useful operations. It is used to achieve the following functionalities in C:

• Pass Arguments by Reference
• Accessing Array Elements
• Return Multiple Values from Function
• Dynamic Memory Allocation
• Implementing Data Structures
• In System-Level Programming where memory addresses are useful.
• In locating the exact value at some memory location.
• To avoid compiler confusion for the same variable name.
• To use in Control Tables.

Advantages of Pointers

Following are the major advantages of pointers in C:

• Pointers are used for dynamic memory allocation and deallocation.
• An Array or a structure can be accessed efficiently with pointers
• Pointers are useful for accessing memory locations.
• Pointers are used to form complex data structures such as linked lists, graphs, trees, etc.
• Pointers reduce the length of the program and its execution time as well.

Disadvantages of Pointers

Pointers are vulnerable to errors and have following disadvantages:

• Memory corruption can occur if an incorrect value is provided to pointers.
• Pointers are a little bit complex to understand.
• Pointers are majorly responsible for memory leaks in C .
• Pointers are comparatively slower than variables in C.
• Uninitialized pointers might cause a segmentation fault.

In conclusion, pointers in C are very capable tools and provide C language with its distinguishing features, such as low-level memory access, referencing, etc. But as powerful as they are, they should be used with responsibility as they are one of the most vulnerable parts of the language.

FAQs on Pointers in C

Q1. define pointers..

Pointers are the variables that can store the memory address of another variable.

Q2. What is the difference between a constant pointer and a pointer to a constant?

A constant pointer points to the fixed memory location, i.e. we cannot change the memory address stored inside the constant pointer. On the other hand, the pointer to a constant point to the memory with a constant value.

Q3. What is pointer to pointer?

A pointer to a pointer (also known as a double pointer) stores the address of another pointer.

Q4. Does pointer size depends on its type?

No, the pointer size does not depend upon its type. It only depends on the operating system and CPU architecture.

Q5. What are the differences between an array and a pointer?

The following table list the differences between an array and a pointer : Pointer Array A pointer is a derived data type that can store the address of other variables. An array is a homogeneous collection of items of any type such as int, char, etc. Pointers are allocated at run time. Arrays are allocated at runtime. The pointer is a single variable. An array is a collection of variables of the same type. Dynamic in Nature Static in Nature.

Q6. Why do we need to specify the type in the pointer declaration?

Type specification in pointer declaration helps the compiler in dereferencing and pointer arithmetic operations.

• Quiz on Pointer Basics
• Quiz on Advanced Pointer

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‘la casa de los famosos’ 2024 finale: season 4 winner crowned on telemundo, ‘the guiding light’ star kim zimmer has real-life illness that her character faced.

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Kim Zimmer portrayed Reva Shayne on the CBS daytime drama The Guiding Light from 1983 to 1990, returning in 1995 until the show’s final episode on Sept. 8, 2009.

In 2006, a storyline had Shayne diagnosed with breast cancer. Now, Zimmer faces the same crisis in real life.

“I was diagnosed with breast cancer on Nov. 6,” she revealed on the special Daytime Stands Up: A Benefit for Stand Up To Cancer – We All Have a Story, that streamed live Thursday.

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Zimmer has been married since 1981 to actor A.C. Weary. They share three adult children, including actor Jake Weary.

She strongly advocated for going to the doctor for screenings.

“I’m here to say early detection, early detection, early detection, early detection,” she said. “Get your mammograms, get them soon.”

Zimmer’s character on The Guiding Light did not to share her diagnosis with loved ones.

“I can’t imagine getting a diagnosis like that and not wanting the person that you love most in the world to be there standing next to you,” she said. “The fans reacted to that too… It made for great drama.”

Guiding Light concluded a 57-season run in 2009.

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Disneyland character and parade performers in California vote to join labor union

FILE - Visitors follow Mickey Mouse for photos at Disneyland, Jan. 22, 2015, in Anaheim, Calif. Disneyland performers who help bring Mickey Mouse, Cinderella and other beloved characters to life at the Southern California resort chose to unionize following a three-day vote culminating on Saturday, May 18, 2024. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File)

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ANAHEIM, Calif. (AP) — Disneyland performers who help bring Mickey Mouse, Cinderella and other beloved characters to life at the Southern California resort chose to unionize following a three-day vote culminating on Saturday.

The Actors’ Equity Association labor union said in a statement Saturday that cast members for the parades and characters departments at Disney’s theme parks near Los Angeles voted by a wide margin for the union to become the bargaining agent for the group of roughly 1,700 workers.

An association website tracking the balloting among cast members indicated passage by 78.7% (953 votes) in favor and 21.3% (258 votes) opposed.

“They say that Disneyland is ‘the place where dreams come true,’ and for the Disney Cast Members who have worked to organize a union, their dream came true today,” Actors’ Equity Association President Kate Shindle said in a statement Saturday night.

Shindle called the workers the “front lines” of the Disneyland guest experience. The association and cast members will discuss improvements to health and safey, wages, benefits, working conditions and job security before meeting with Walt Disney Company representatives about negotiating the staff priorities into a contract, she said.

The union already represents theatrical performers at Disney’s Florida parks.

Barring any election challenges, the regional director of The National Labor Relations Board will certify the results within a week, the association said.

The NLRB did not immediately respond to an email from The Associated Press seeking confirmation or additional information about the vote.

The election took place on Wednesday, Thursday and Saturday in Anaheim, California, after workers earlier this year filed cards to form the unit called “Magic United.”

Parade and character workers who promoted unionizing said they love helping to create a magical experience at Disneyland but grew concerned when they were asked to resume hugging visitors after returning to work during the coronavirus pandemic. They said they also suffer injuries from complex costumes and erratic schedules.

Most of the more than 35,000 workers at the Disneyland Resort, including cleaning crews, pyrotechnic specialists and security staff, are already in labor unions. The resort includes Disneyland, which is the Walt Disney Co.'s oldest theme park, as well as Disney California Adventure and the shopping and entertainment district Downtown Disney in Anaheim.

In recent years, Disney has faced allegations of not paying its Southern California workers, who face exorbitant housing costs and often commute long distances or cram into small homes, a livable wage. Parade performers and character actors earn a base pay of $24.15 an hour, up from $20 before January, with premiums for different roles.

Union membership has been on a decades-long decline in the United States, but organizations have seen growing public support in recent years during high-profile contract negotiations involving Hollywood studios and Las Vegas hotels. The NLRB, which protects workers’ right to organize, reported more than 2,500 filings for union representation during the 2023 fiscal year, which was the highest number in eight years.

The effort to organize character and parade performers in California came more than 40 years after those who play Mickey, Goofy and Donald Duck in Florida were organized by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters , a union traditionally known to represent transportation workers.

At that time, the Florida performers complained about filthy costumes and abuse from guests, including children who would kick the shins of Disney villains such as Captain Hook.