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10 Great Research Topics for Middle School Students

Middle school is the perfect time to start exploring the fascinating world of research, especially if you're passionate about STEM and the humanities. Engaging in research projects now not only feeds your curiosity but also develops critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and a love for learning. Whether you're intrigued by the secrets of the universe, the beauty of numbers, or the complexity of robotics, there's a research project that you can pursue to help you build your knowledge. Let's dive into some advanced yet accessible research topics that will challenge you and enhance your academic journey.

1. Program your own robot

What to do:  Start by defining the purpose of your robot. Will it be a pet robot that follows you around, or perhaps a robot that can help carry small items from one room to another? Sketch your design on paper, focusing on what sensors and motors you'll need. For instance, a robot that follows light might need light sensors, while a robot that avoids obstacles will require ultrasonic sensors. Use an Arduino or Raspberry Pi as the brain. You'll need to learn basic programming in Python (for Raspberry Pi) or C++ (for Arduino) to code your robot's behavior.

Tips to get started:  The official websites for Arduino  and Raspberry Pi  offer tutorials for beginners. For more specific projects, such as building a pet robot, search for guides on Instructables  that detail each step from hardware assembly to software programming.

2. Design a solar-powered oven

What to do:  Investigate how solar ovens work and the science behind solar cooking. Your oven can be as simple as a pizza box solar oven or more complex, like a parabolic solar cooker. Key materials include reflective surfaces (aluminum foil), clear plastic wrap to create a greenhouse effect, and black construction paper to absorb heat. Experiment with different shapes and angles to maximize the heat capture and cooking efficiency. Test your oven by trying to cook different foods and measure the temperature achieved and cooking time required.

Tips to get started:  The Solar Cooking  wiki is an excellent resource for finding different solar cooker designs and construction plans. YouTube also has numerous DIY solar oven tutorials. Document your process and results in a project journal, noting any changes in design that lead to improvements in efficiency.

3. Assess the health of a local ecosystem

What to do:  Choose a local natural area, such as a stream, pond, or forest, and plan a series of observations and tests to assess its health. Key activities could include water quality testing (for pH, nitrates, and phosphates), soil testing (for composition and contaminants), and biodiversity surveys (identifying species of plants and animals present). Compile your data to evaluate the ecosystem's health, looking for signs of pollution, habitat destruction, or invasive species.

Tips to get started:  For a comprehensive approach, NOAA’s Global Monitoring Laboratory  provides information on atmospheric and environmental monitoring techniques. Tools like iNaturalist  can assist in species identification, and water and soil testing kits are available from science education suppliers.

4. Develop an educational app

What to do:  Identify a gap in educational resources that your app could fill. Perhaps you noticed that students struggle with a particular math concept, or there's a lack of engaging resources for learning a foreign language. Outline your app’s features, design the user interface, and plan the content it will deliver. Use MIT App Inventor  for a drag-and-drop development experience, or Scratch  for a game-like educational app. Test your app with classmates or family members, and use their feedback for improvements.

Tips to get started:  Both MIT App Inventor  and Scratch  provide tutorials and community forums where you can learn from others’ projects. Begin with a simple prototype, focusing on one core feature, and expand from there.

5. Model rocketry: design, build, and launch!

What to do:  Dive into the basics of rocket science by designing your own model rocket. Understand the principles of thrust, aerodynamics, and stability as you plan your rocket. Materials can range from simple kits available online to homemade components for the body, fins, and nose cone. Educate yourself on the proper engine selection for your design and the recovery system to ensure your rocket returns safely. Conduct a launch in a safe, open area, following all safety guidelines.

Tips to get started:  The National Association of Rocketry  is a treasure trove of information on model rocket safety, design, and launch procedures. For beginners, consider starting with a kit from Estes Rockets , which includes all necessary components and instructions.

6. Create a wearable electronic device

What to do:  Envision a wearable device that solves a problem or enhances an aspect of daily life. It could be a smart bracelet that reminds you to stay hydrated or a hat with integrated LEDs for nighttime visibility. Sketch your design, listing the components you'll need, such as LEDs, sensors, a power source, and a microcontroller like the Adafruit Flora or Gemma. Plan your circuit, sew or assemble your device, and program it to function as intended.

Tips to get started:   Adafruit’s Wearables  section offers guides and tutorials for numerous wearable projects, including coding and circuit design. Start with a simple project to familiarize yourself with electronics and sewing conductive thread before moving on to more complex designs.

7. Explore the science of slime and non-Newtonian fluids

What to do:  Conduct experiments to understand how the composition of slime affects its properties. Create a standard slime recipe using glue, borax (or contact lens solution as a safer alternative), and water. Alter the recipe by varying the amounts of each ingredient or adding additives like cornstarch, shaving cream, or thermochromic pigment. Test how each variation affects the slime’s viscosity, stretchiness, and reaction to pressure.

Tips to get started:  The Science Bob  website offers a basic slime recipe and the science behind it. Document each experiment carefully, noting the recipe used and the observed properties. This will help you understand the science behind non-Newtonian fluids.

8. Extract DNA at home

What to do:  Use common household items to extract DNA from fruits or vegetables, like strawberries or onions. The basic process involves mashing the fruit, adding a mixture of water, salt, and dish soap to break down cell membranes, and then using cold alcohol to precipitate the DNA out of the solution. Observe and analyze the DNA strands.

Tips to get started:  Detailed instructions and the science explanation are available at the Genetic Science Learning Center . This project offers a tangible glimpse into the molecular basis of life and can be a springboard to more complex biotechnology experiments.

9. Investigate the efficiency of different types of solar cells

What to do:  Compare the efficiency of various solar panels, such as monocrystalline, polycrystalline, and thin-film. Design an experiment to measure the electrical output of each type under identical lighting conditions, using a multimeter to record voltage and current. Analyze how factors like angle of incidence, light intensity, and temperature affect their performance.

Tips to get started:  Introductory resources on solar energy and experiments can be found at the Energy.gov  website. Consider purchasing small solar panels of different types from electronics stores or online suppliers. Ensure that all tests are conducted under controlled conditions for accurate comparisons.

10. Study ocean acidification and its effects on marine life

What to do:  Simulate the effects of ocean acidification on marine organisms in a controlled experiment. Use vinegar to lower the pH of water in a tank and observe its impact on calcium carbonate shells or skeletons, such as seashells or coral fragments. Monitor and record changes over time, researching how acidification affects the ability of these organisms to maintain their shells and skeletons.

Tips to get started:   NOAA’s Ocean Acidification Program  offers educational materials and experiment ideas. For a simpler version of this experiment, see instructions for observing the effects of acidified water on eggshells, which are similar in composition to marine shells, at educational websites like Science Buddies .

By pursuing these projects, you will not only gain a deeper understanding of STEM principles but also develop invaluable skills in research, design, and critical analysis. These projects will teach you how to question, experiment, and innovate, laying the groundwork for future scientific inquiries and discoveries.

One other option – Lumiere’s Junior Explorer Program

The Lumiere Junior Explorer Program is a program for middle school students to work one-on-one with a mentor to explore their academic interests and build a project they are passionate about .  Our mentors are scholars from top research universities such as Harvard, MIT, Stanford, Yale, Duke and LSE.

The program was founded by a Harvard & Oxford PhD who met as undergraduates at Harvard. The program is rigorous and fully virtual. We offer need based financial aid for students who qualify. You can find the application in the brochure ! 

To learn more, you can reach out to our Head of Growth, Khushi Malde, at [email protected] or go to our website .

Multiple rolling deadlines for JEP cohorts across the year, you can apply using this application link ! If you'd like to take a look at the cohorts + deadlines for 2024, you can refer to this page!

Stephen is one of the founders of Lumiere and a Harvard College graduate. He founded Lumiere as a PhD student at Harvard Business School. Lumiere is a selective research program where students work 1-1 with a research mentor to develop an independent research paper.

• middle school students

100 Unique Middle School Research Topics and Ideas

Table of Contents

Identifying an ideal topic and writing a well-structured research paper is a challenging task that requires a lot of skills and time. In specific, the majority of middle school students experience more difficulties with research topic selection. Therefore, in this blog, for the convenience of middle school students, we have shared certain tactics on how to select an ideal topic and compose a brilliant middle school research paper. Additionally, we have presented a list of outstanding middle school research topics on various themes.

If you are a middle school student struggling to identify an appropriate topic for your research paper, explore this blog and get amazing topic ideas.

Know How to Choose a Middle School Research Topic

When it comes to preparing a middle school research paper, topic selection is the first step you must concentrate on. Usually, your teachers will provide you with interesting research titles or questions. But sometimes, you will be given a chance to pick a topic on your own. In such instances, follow these steps to spot the right topic for your middle school research paper.

• First, start by investigating the topics that excite you, or the areas in which you are interested.
• Next, formulate a research question by examining the main points of your paper and other topics that your audience would find exciting.
• Third, evaluate potential study titles and eliminate those that are not applicable.
• Fourth, focus on a topic that both you and your audience will find relevant.
• Finally, make sure you follow all of your teacher’s instructions regarding the paper.

Steps for Writing a Middle School Research Paper

Writing middle school research papers is no different from writing assignments in other stages of the academic career. Here are some steps to get started with the task:

Understanding the Assignment Requirement: Before you start writing, consider what the teacher expects to see in the final copy of your research paper. You will come across multiple rules and procedures. Know the format you are supposed to write and bear in mind the due dates.

Complete Your Pre-Writing: Select up to 3 topics when you first ideate your subjects for writing your paper. From there, choose the best one to write on. Then, jot down the valid and useful information from your research.

Compose the Paper:   Elaborate on the jotted-down details and craft the paper. Let your ideas flow in the first draft. The paper should contain necessary sections such as the introduction, body, and conclusion.

Edit and Proofread Your Work: Editing and proofreading are essential. Begin the revision process with editing. From your first draft, remove the unnecessary sections and insert details you think you missed.  Look for spelling and punctuation errors. Also ensure that your work is neat, accurate, logically structured, and has a smooth flow.

Citations and References: Finally, cite and reference your work. Follow the format given by your teacher to write references for your research paper. References will emphasize the sources of the data collected to develop your research paper.

Types of Research Topics

There are significant components that aid in the process of picking middle school research topics. Once you can determine the type of research paper, it will become easier for you to compose your solution. There is an array of categories but three of them are the most crucial ones. Read the below points to find out about them.

• Descriptive– These topics are based on vigilant and complete observation of an occurrence, occasion, theme, trait, etc. to distinguish it in feature and to potentially uncover essential, appealing, non-depicted aspects or patterns.
• Causal – These ideas investigate whether altering some variables leads to changes in other variables suggesting a causal relationship.
• Comparative– These topics inspect resemblance and dissimilarity between two or more entities

Features of a Good Research Paper Topic

Searching for an appropriate middle school research topic becomes easy when you know the characteristics of an excellent topic. The following are the features of an excellent middle school research topic:

• Precise and real:  Research goals and predictable results must be obvious and focused
• Original:  scrutinizing aspects, units, and associations that have never been researched before
• Highly important: Effective for community, civilization, and a professional field
• Highly relevant: The topic should be relevant for probable readers, reviewers
• Trending: Rising disciplines and subjects ignite more interest in their originality and yet the uncharted possibility

List of Middle School Research Topics

Have you been assigned to develop a middle school research paper? Are you looking for some excellent ideas to develop your paper? Then, take a look at the range of topics mentioned below.

Middle School Research Questions on Science & Technology

In your middle school research paper, you may focus on any ideas that are associated with physics, chemistry, biology, or technology. Find here, some excellent science and technology research topics for middle school students.

• How has light become an instrument to treat cancer and other diseases?
• What is the present substantiation that Mars has had water and maybe life?
• Can nanomedicine potentially expand the human lifespan?
• What is the prospect of computing and artificial intelligence?
• What function does cryogenics play in the future?
• Can alternative energy efficiently restore fossil fuels?
• Is it advantageous for wild animals to have connections with people?
• What evidence do we have that CMB is the consequence of the Big Bang?
• How will self-driving cars alter the technique in which people live?
• Can using currency systems like Bitcoin help safeguard identity theft?

Middle School Research Ideas On Mathematics

For your middle school research paper on math, you can concentrate on topics from areas such as algebra, arithmetic, geometry, etc. From here, get a collection of the finest research questions on mathematics.

• The power of algorithms.
• Is it possible to develop a successful monopoly policy?
• Why is ‘x’ the unknown?
• How has math altered the world?
• What is the answer to the McDonald’s math issue?
• How do math geniuses solve extremely difficult math concepts so quickly?
• Should high school math competitions be banned?
• Describe the relationship between math and music
• Are math formulas ever implicated in real life?
• What are some of the most puzzling math issues ever?

Informative Middle School Research Topics

Working on an informative middle school research paper will help you to widen your subject knowledge. So, for your convenience, here, we have listed some informative middle school research titles to get started.

• Discuss the history of cryptography.
• Suggest some effective strategies for waste recycling.
• Analyze how a person’s behavior changes in the crowd.
• Discuss the possible consequences of drug legalization.
• Explain the meaning of music in modern life.
• Investigate what influences healthy self-esteem.
• Explain how propaganda works.
• Analyze the impact of family issues on the development of the children’s personality.
• Discuss the geological periods of Earth’s development.
• Write about internet safety.

Middle School Research Paper Topics on Politics

For your middle school research paper, you may focus on ideas related to laws, policies, and government. The following are some exclusive research ideas on politics for middle school students.

• Is it necessary to reduce the drinking age?
• Should adults have the privilege to carry a hidden handgun?
• More gun control laws should be performed
• How can the global community prevent Iran from creating nuclear weapons?
• How can racial assassination be stopped?
• The current outlook for peace between Israel and the Palestinians
• How would the world be without wars?
• How to avoid personnel reduction?
• Should the death sentence be allowed?
• Is socialism achievable?

Psychology Topics for Middle School Students

Take a look at anything related to mental health or mental illness in your middle school research paper. Listed below are some outstanding middle school research questions to be considered in psychology.

• Is autism an illness or a progressive peculiarity?
• How to predict and form behavioral patterns?
• How to control child violence?
• How to handle a mental breakdown?
• The effect of classical music on the functioning of the brain
• How does insomnia impact our health?
• How badly do dreams impact our mood?
• Is stress truly damaging?
• How does depression affect the immune system?
• Are some people intellectually gifted?

Interdisciplinary Middle School Research Topics

Are you searching for an interdisciplinary middle school research title? Take a look at the list published below. In the list, we have included amazing interdisciplinary research ideas for middle school students.

• Explain how climate change affects biodiversity.
• Analyze the impact of technology on society and culture.
• Explain the role of music in mental health.
• Examine the history and science of flight.
• Explain how food and nutrition affect brain development and scholastic performance.
• Analyze how social media affects the self-esteem of a person.
• Explain the impact of sports on physical and mental health.
• Discuss the history of ancient civilizations.
• Analyze the psychology and biology of addiction.
• Examine the relationship between art and science in developing visual illusions.

Middle School Research Topics on Business

Do you need awesome ideas on business for your middle school research paper? If yes, then make use of the following business research titles. It will help you in composing a detailed research paper worthy of top grades.

• How do filthy business tactics work?
• Can you start a business without money?
• Infamous business leaders.
• Private enterprise and family business.
• Moral decision-making in everyday work situations.
• What are the most successful strategies for endorsing a small business?
• Is it worth it to spread out the business into a new region or country?
• How to develop a victorious startup.
• The function of global business and sustainable development.
• The effect of climate change on international business strategies.

Simple Middle School Research Questions

You will not find your research process exhausting if you work on easy middle-school research paper topics. So, instead of working on complex research ideas, give preference to any simple research questions listed below.

• Is becoming vegan the healthiest option for you?
• Is natural greenhouse more effective or artificial?
• The reason, impacts, and results of earthquakes
• How many computer games do you play without getting addicted?
• Princess Diana and her empire.
• Why is competition so essential for humans?
• How did poetry evolve?
• How did ancient sailors find their way around the globe?
• Importance of Gender Roles in Children’s Books and Cartoons
• Who is the most powerful individual to have lived on the planet?

Unique Middle School Research Topics

Are you interested in composing a top-score-fetching middle school research paper? If yes, then work on original research titles that make your work stand unique in the crowd. The following are some authentic middle school research ideas on different themes.

• The methods deal with addressing drug addiction cases in high school.
• Physical vs. digital communications.
• Body Image and the Korean Pop Culture.
• The significance of school volunteering and social work.
• The alterations to the academic procedure because of Covid-19.
• The Legacy of the Trail of Tears.
• The responsibility of motivation in becoming a better student.
• The function of books in print and the libraries.
• How to improve school safety?
• Discuss the importance of parents to get involved in their children’s schoolwork.

Argumentative Middle School Research Topics

Find here, a collection of argumentative middle school research questions. All these ideas will help you in conducting in-depth research and developing interesting arguments with valid supporting pieces of evidence.

• Why is education not free for everyone?
• Bloggers and influencers are not professionals. Share your views on the statement.
• Serving in the military is an act of maturity. What are your views on the statement?
• Unlimited internet access to college professors is harming the quality of education offered at colleges and universities.
• The death penalty is not an ethical way to reduce crime.
• The fashion industry has a negative influence on youngsters.
• Fairplay is only beneficial if it comes with a financial reward.
• Indoor consumption of tobacco should be illegal.
• Religious differences often lead to wars
• The greater part of mobile applications symbolize the invasion of privacy

The Bottom Line

All the topics suggested above will help you in composing a compelling middle school research paper. If you are interested in picking a topic on your own, give preference to the title that is unique, interesting, and researchable. After choosing a topic, conduct extensive research on it and then compose a well-structured middle school research paper that is flawless and plagiarism-free. However, to get the desired results, you should make sure to prove your thesis statement in your paper with valid supporting evidence.

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As the research skills you teach middle school students can last them all their lives, it’s essential to help them develop good habits early in their school careers.

Research skills are useful in nearly every subject, whether it’s English, math, social studies or science, and they will continue to pay off for students every day of their schooling. Understanding the most important research skills that middle school students need will help reach these kids and make a long-term difference.

The research process

It is important for every student to understand that research is actually a process rather than something that happens naturally. The best researchers develop a process that allows them to fully comprehend the ideas they are researching and also turn the data into information that is usable for whatever the end purpose may be. Here is an example of a research process that you may consider using when teaching research skills in your middle school classroom:

• Form a question : Research should be targeted; develop a question you want to answer before progressing any further.
• Decide on resources : Not every resource is good for every question/problem. Identify the resources that will work best for you.
• Gather raw data : First, gather information in its rawest form; do not attempt to make sense of it at this point.
• Sort the data : After you have the information in front of you, decide what is important to you and how you will use it. Not all data will be reliable or worthwhile.
• Process information : Turn the data into usable information. This processing step may take longer than the rest combined. This is where you really see your data shape into something exciting.
• Create a final piece : This is where you would write a research paper, create a project or build a graph or other visual piece with your information. This may or may not be a formal document.
• Evaluate : Look back on the process. Where did you experience success and failure? Did you find an answer to your question?

This process can be adjusted to suit the needs of your particular classroom or the project you are working on. Just remember that the goal is not only to find the data for this particular project, but to teach your students research skills that will help them in the long run.

Research is a very important part of the learning process as well as being useful in real-life once the student graduates. Middle school is a great time to develop these skills as many high school teachers expect that students already have this knowledge.

Students who are well-prepared as researchers will be able to handle nearly any assignment that comes their way. Finding new ways to teach research skills to middle school students need will be a challenge, but the results are well worth it as you see your students succeed in your classroom and set the stage for further success throughout their schooling experience.

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• How to Help High School Students with Career Research
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Exciting Research Topics for Middle Schoolers to Fuel Curiosity

Working on the phonological skills by teaching phonemic awareness to the advanced level

What is the goal when de escalating crisis behavior at school ?

Middle school is a time of burgeoning curiosity and the perfect opportunity for students to engage in research that not only educates them academically but also cultivates skills for the future. By encouraging young learners to explore topics they are passionate about, educators and parents play a pivotal role in their intellectual development and the growth of their intrinsic motivation. This blog post outlines a diverse range of research topics suited to the inquiring minds of middle school students, giving them the freedom to deepen their understanding of various subjects while honing critical thinking and independent study skills.

Uncovering the Mysteries of History

Middle schoolers often find history fascinating, particularly when learning about the past from distinct perspectives. Here are some intriguing historical research topics to consider:

• The Unsung Heroes of the Civil Rights Movement: Apart from the well-known leaders, students can explore the contributions of lesser-known figures who played a significant role in the struggle for equality.
• The Impact of Ancient Civilizations on Modern Society: Researching the ways in which the Greeks, Romans, Egyptians, or other ancient societies have influenced contemporary culture, politics, and technology offers a broad canvas for exploration.
• Everyday Life in Different Historical Periods: Focusing on the routines, customs, and technologies that shaped people’s daily lives in times gone by can provide valuable insights into societal norms and individual experiences.

Science and the Natural World

The sciences are a playground of wonder, with an infinity of topics waiting to be explored. Here are some research ideas that can nurture a love for discovery and experimentation:

• Climate Change: Effects and Solutions: Investigating the causes and potential solutions to this global challenge can make students aware of their role in protecting the planet.
• The Wonders of the Solar System: Encouraging a study of the planets, their moons, and the vast expanse of space they inhabit can ignite dreams of interstellar exploration.
• Biodiversity and Ecosystem Conservation: Researching the variety of life on Earth and strategies to protect and sustain ecosystems can foster a sense of environmental stewardship.

Literature, Language, and Creative Expression

Language and literature are potent forms of human expression, allowing students to explore complex ideas and emotions. Here are some topics that bridge the gap between art and academia:

• Interpreting Classic Literature for Modern Relevance: Encouraging the study of timeless works can lead to discussions on their contemporary significance and the evolution of societal values.
• The Structure and Evolution of Language: Investigating the origins and changes in language over time can be a rich area of study, especially when paired with the examination of cultural shifts.
• The Intersection of Art and Literature: Exploring how visual arts and writing intersect to convey messages and emotions can be a fertile ground for interdisciplinary research.

Mathematics and Logic Puzzles

The precision and patterns found in mathematics can be both satisfying and thought-provoking. Middle school students often enjoy the thrill of solving problems and unraveling puzzles. Here are some mathematical research topics that can engage students’ analytical minds:

• Famous Mathematical Conjectures: Researching unsolved problems, such as the Goldbach conjecture or the Riemann hypothesis, can introduce students to the excitement of open questions in mathematics.
• The Application of Math in Various Industries: Investigating how mathematical principles underpin fields like music, art, sports, and technology can illuminate the subject’s real-world utility.
• The History of Mathematical Discoveries: Tracing the lineage of mathematical concepts through different cultures and periods can showcase the universality and timelessness of mathematics.

Social Sciences and Human Interaction

Studying human behavior and society can help students develop empathy and a deeper understanding of the world around them. Here are some social science research ideas to explore:

• The Impact of Social Media on Friendships and Relationships: Research could focus on positive and negative effects, trends, and the future of social interaction.
• Cultural Traditions and Their Meanings: Investigating the origins and contemporary significance of customs from various cultures can foster respect for diversity and a global perspective.
• The Psychology of Decision Making: Exploring the factors that influence human choices, from cognitive biases to social pressures, can provide insights into individual and collective behavior.

Technology and Innovation

Middle schoolers are often tech-savvy and interested in the latest gadgets and advancements. Here are some technology and innovation research topics to tap into that curiosity:

• The Impact of Gaming on Society: Research could examine how video games influence education, social issues, or even career choices.
• Emerging Technologies and Their Ethical Implications: Encouraging students to study technologies like artificial intelligence, gene editing, or wearable tech can lead to discussions on the ethical considerations of their use and development.
• Inventions That Changed the World: Chronicling the history and influence of significant inventions, from the wheel to the internet, can provide a lens through which to view human progress.

By providing middle schoolers with the opportunity to conduct meaningful research in a topic of their choosing, we not only deepen their education but also equip them with the skills and passion for a lifetime of learning. This list is just the beginning; the key is to foster curiosity and guide young minds toward engaging, challenging, and diverse research experiences. Through such explorations, we empower the next generation to think critically, communicate effectively, and, most importantly, to nurture their innate curiosity about the world.

Implementing Research Projects in the Classroom

Encouraging middle school students to undertake research projects requires a strategic approach to ensure sustained interest and meaningful outcomes. Here are some methods educators can employ:

• Mentorship and Support: Pairing students with teacher mentors who can guide them through the research process, provide feedback, and encourage critical thinking is essential for a fruitful research experience.
• Cross-Curricular Integration: Linking research topics to content from different subjects helps students appreciate the interconnectedness of knowledge and develop versatile learning skills.
• Use of Technology and Media: Incorporating digital tools for research, presentation, and collaboration can enhance engagement and teach essential 21st-century skills.
• Presentation and Reflection: Allocating time for students to present their findings nurtures communication skills and confidence, while self-reflection activities help them internalize their learning journey.

These strategies can create a robust framework within which students can pursue their curiosities, leading to a more personalized and impactful educational experience.

What is a good topic to research for middle school?

A good topic for middle school research could delve into the Role of Robotics in the Future of Society . Students can explore how robotics may transform jobs, healthcare, and everyday life. They can examine the balance between automation and human work, predict how robots could augment human abilities, and discuss the ethical dimensions of a robotic future. This inquiry not only captivates the imagination but also encourages critical thinking about technology’s impact on tomorrow’s world.

What are the 10 research titles examples?

• The Evolution of Renewable Energy and Its Future Prospects
• Investigating the Effects of Microplastics on Marine Ecosystems
• The Influence of Ancient Civilizations on Modern Democracy
• Understanding Black Holes: Unveiling the Mysteries of the Cosmos
• The Impact of Augmented Reality on Education and Training
• Climate Change and Its Consequences on Coastal Cities
• The Psychological Effects of Social Media on Teenagers
• Genetic Engineering: The Possibilities and Pitfalls
• Smart Cities: How Technology is Shaping Urban Living
• The Role of Nanotechnology in Medicine: Current Applications and Future Potential

Fascinating Facts About Middle School Research Topics

• Interdisciplinary Impact : Research projects in middle school often blend subjects, such as the integration of art and mathematics when exploring patterns and symmetry, which helps students discover the interconnectivity of different fields of knowledge.
• Skill Building : Engaging in research equips middle schoolers with advanced skills in critical thinking, problem-solving, and time management, which are beneficial across their academic journey and beyond.
• Diversity in Content : Middle school research topics are notably diverse, ranging from examining the role of robotics in society to exploring the psychological effects of social media, catering to a wide array of student interests and strengths.
• Tech Savvy Learning : Technology-based research topics, such as the influence of smart cities or the impact of augmented reality in education, are deeply relevant to tech-savvy middle school students, making learning more engaging and relatable.
• Cultural Relevance : Researching topics like cultural traditions and their meanings encourages middle schoolers to develop a global perspective and fosters a deeper understanding and appreciation for the diversity within their own school community and the world at large.

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Scaffolding Methods for Research Paper Writing

• Resources & Preparation
• Instructional Plan
• Related Resources

Students will use scaffolding to research and organize information for writing a research paper. A research paper scaffold provides students with clear support for writing expository papers that include a question (problem), literature review, analysis, methodology for original research, results, conclusion, and references. Students examine informational text, use an inquiry-based approach, and practice genre-specific strategies for expository writing. Depending on the goals of the assignment, students may work collaboratively or as individuals. A student-written paper about color psychology provides an authentic model of a scaffold and the corresponding finished paper. The research paper scaffold is designed to be completed during seven or eight sessions over the course of four to six weeks.

Featured Resources

• Research Paper Scaffold : This handout guides students in researching and organizing the information they need for writing their research paper.
• Inquiry on the Internet: Evaluating Web Pages for a Class Collection : Students use Internet search engines and Web analysis checklists to evaluate online resources then write annotations that explain how and why the resources will be valuable to the class.

From Theory to Practice

• Research paper scaffolding provides a temporary linguistic tool to assist students as they organize their expository writing. Scaffolding assists students in moving to levels of language performance they might be unable to obtain without this support.
• An instructional scaffold essentially changes the role of the teacher from that of giver of knowledge to leader in inquiry. This relationship encourages creative intelligence on the part of both teacher and student, which in turn may broaden the notion of literacy so as to include more learning styles.
• An instructional scaffold is useful for expository writing because of its basis in problem solving, ownership, appropriateness, support, collaboration, and internalization. It allows students to start where they are comfortable, and provides a genre-based structure for organizing creative ideas.
• In order for students to take ownership of knowledge, they must learn to rework raw information, use details and facts, and write.
• Teaching writing should involve direct, explicit comprehension instruction, effective instructional principles embedded in content, motivation and self-directed learning, and text-based collaborative learning to improve middle school and high school literacy.

Common Core Standards

This resource has been aligned to the Common Core State Standards for states in which they have been adopted. If a state does not appear in the drop-down, CCSS alignments are forthcoming.

State Standards

This lesson has been aligned to standards in the following states. If a state does not appear in the drop-down, standard alignments are not currently available for that state.

NCTE/IRA National Standards for the English Language Arts

• 1. Students read a wide range of print and nonprint texts to build an understanding of texts, of themselves, and of the cultures of the United States and the world; to acquire new information; to respond to the needs and demands of society and the workplace; and for personal fulfillment. Among these texts are fiction and nonfiction, classic and contemporary works.
• 2. Students read a wide range of literature from many periods in many genres to build an understanding of the many dimensions (e.g., philosophical, ethical, aesthetic) of human experience.
• 3. Students apply a wide range of strategies to comprehend, interpret, evaluate, and appreciate texts. They draw on their prior experience, their interactions with other readers and writers, their knowledge of word meaning and of other texts, their word identification strategies, and their understanding of textual features (e.g., sound-letter correspondence, sentence structure, context, graphics).
• 4. Students adjust their use of spoken, written, and visual language (e.g., conventions, style, vocabulary) to communicate effectively with a variety of audiences and for different purposes.
• 5. Students employ a wide range of strategies as they write and use different writing process elements appropriately to communicate with different audiences for a variety of purposes.
• 6. Students apply knowledge of language structure, language conventions (e.g., spelling and punctuation), media techniques, figurative language, and genre to create, critique, and discuss print and nonprint texts.
• 7. Students conduct research on issues and interests by generating ideas and questions, and by posing problems. They gather, evaluate, and synthesize data from a variety of sources (e.g., print and nonprint texts, artifacts, people) to communicate their discoveries in ways that suit their purpose and audience.
• 8. Students use a variety of technological and information resources (e.g., libraries, databases, computer networks, video) to gather and synthesize information and to create and communicate knowledge.
• 12. Students use spoken, written, and visual language to accomplish their own purposes (e.g., for learning, enjoyment, persuasion, and the exchange of information).

Materials and Technology

Computers with Internet access and printing capability

• Research Paper Scaffold
• Example Research Paper Scaffold
• Example Student Research Paper
• Internet Citation Checklist
• Research Paper Scoring Rubric
• Permission Form (optional)

Preparation

Student objectives.

Students will

• Formulate a clear thesis that conveys a perspective on the subject of their research
• Practice research skills, including evaluation of sources, paraphrasing and summarizing relevant information, and citation of sources used
• Logically group and sequence ideas in expository writing
• Organize and display information on charts, maps, and graphs

Session 1: Research Question

You should approve students’ final research questions before Session 2. You may also wish to send home the Permission Form with students, to make parents aware of their child’s research topic and the project due dates.

Session 2: Literature Review—Search

Prior to this session, you may want to introduce or review Internet search techniques using the lesson Inquiry on the Internet: Evaluating Web Pages for a Class Collection . You may also wish to consult with the school librarian regarding subscription databases designed specifically for student research, which may be available through the school or public library. Using these types of resources will help to ensure that students find relevant and appropriate information. Using Internet search engines such as Google can be overwhelming to beginning researchers.

Session 3: Literature Review—Notes

Students need to bring their articles to this session. For large classes, have students highlight relevant information (as described below) and submit the articles for assessment before beginning the session.

Checking Literature Review entries on the same day is best practice, as it gives both you and the student time to plan and address any problems before proceeding. Note that in the finished product this literature review section will be about six paragraphs, so students need to gather enough facts to fit this format.

Session 4: Analysis

Session 5: original research.

Students should design some form of original research appropriate to their topics, but they do not necessarily have to conduct the experiments or surveys they propose. Depending on the appropriateness of the original research proposals, the time involved, and the resources available, you may prefer to omit the actual research or use it as an extension activity.

Session 6: Results (optional)

Session 7: conclusion, session 8: references and writing final draft, student assessment / reflections.

• Observe students’ participation in the initial stages of the Research Paper Scaffold and promptly address any errors or misconceptions about the research process.
• Observe students and provide feedback as they complete each section of the Research Paper Scaffold.
• Provide a safe environment where students will want to take risks in exploring ideas. During collaborative work, offer feedback and guidance to those who need encouragement or require assistance in learning cooperation and tolerance.
• Involve students in using the Research Paper Scoring Rubric for final evaluation of the research paper. Go over this rubric during Session 8, before they write their final drafts.
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Ideas for Middle School Research Projects

Middle school students often find themselves looking for research project ideas that are both interesting and engaging. While the exact topics may vary based on age, subject area, or teacher preference, it is important to ensure middle schoolers have an opportunity to explore their own interests through relevant projects. This article provides a comprehensive overview of potential research project ideas suitable for middle school classrooms and suggests ways in which teachers can assist their students in researching these topics effectively. By considering some of the unique challenges associated with this educational level, educators can create meaningful learning opportunities for their pupils while guiding them towards further understanding of complex concepts within diverse subject areas.

I. Introduction

Ii. identifying a research topic, iii. developing an argumentative thesis statement, iv. gathering information and sources, v. outlining the project structure, vi. writing the report, vii. presentation of findings.

Writing a research paper is an important part of any student’s academic journey. Middle schoolers have unique opportunities to explore different topics that are engaging and relevant to their current learning level. From making connections with history and modern society, to exploring natural phenomena or the power of technology, there are plenty of interesting ideas for research papers at this age.

• How do global warming trends influence local weather patterns?
• What can be done to reduce pollution in urban areas?

Students can also delve into popular culture or even STEM topics such as robotics and coding programs. Researching controversial issues like immigration policies or healthcare reform helps students understand complex topics from multiple angles:

• What factors should be considered when developing new immigration laws?

Selecting a research topic can be a daunting task, but with the right approach it is possible to find an appropriate and interesting subject. At the middle school level, students are often limited in scope due to their age and lack of experience; however, there remain ample topics for exploration.

• The importance of physical education in schools.
• Factors that influence teen suicide rates.

In order to construct an argumentative thesis statement, it is necessary to understand the fundamentals of writing a strong and convincing argument. This includes selecting a topic that has two distinct sides, researching both perspectives thoroughly and then using evidence to support your own opinion.

• Step 1: Selecting A Topic

When deciding on research paper topics for middle school students, pick something with multiple points of view so that there is room for debate. Consider current issues such as gun control or standardized testing in education; any controversial topic can make great fodder for an argumentative essay. It’s also important to choose one side or another early on – you will have difficulty making an effective case if you remain undecided by the end!

• Step 2: Conducting Research & Building Evidence

Accumulating Knowledge and Resources: Gathering information for your research paper can be an overwhelming process, but by breaking it down into manageable steps you’ll have the confidence to tackle any topic. The first step is finding reliable sources of information; look for credible online databases like those from universities or established organizations in addition to books, magazines, and newspapers. You should also consider using primary sources such as interviews or surveys if available. As a middle schooler researching potential topics could be especially daunting – why not begin with something close-to-home that interests you? Here are some suggested research paper topics suited for young learners:

• Exploring Different Forms of Renewable Energy Sources
• Examining the Benefits of Eating Organic Foods

When it comes to outlining the project structure, there are several factors that need to be taken into consideration. From deciding what research paper topics for middle school students should tackle, to selecting which materials and resources will best suit their needs.

• Societal Impact of Technology on Education

In addition, consider ways in which you can ensure students stay focused throughout their project as well as how you can help them reach a successful outcome. For example: setting achievable goals along with realistic timelines for completion; providing helpful feedback and assistance when needed; using data visualization tools or storyboards where appropriate. .

This section focuses on the preparation and writing of a report. To begin with, there are three primary components to consider: research, structure, and language.

• Research is essential for any successful project; it requires collecting information from reliable sources in order to support your argument or point of view.
• Structure helps organize thoughts into logical sections that clearly convey ideas through appropriate sequencing.

Middle school students may encounter an assignment requiring them to write a comprehensive paper on a particular topic.

In either case

Evaluating and Explaining Findings The research conducted in this paper has yielded a variety of findings, each worth exploring and further understanding. For example, data collected on the topic of student success showed that students who participated in extra-curricular activities had significantly higher GPAs than those who did not participate. Similarly, it was found that when given the opportunity to pick their own research paper topics for middle school classes – such as “the effects of technology on society” or “the benefits of healthy eating habits” – students were more likely to stay engaged with the assignment and show greater interest overall.

On the other hand, while exploration into different academic models revealed promising results concerning student performance based upon teaching styles employed by teachers (such as inquiry-based learning), it was noted that socio-economic factors outside of an educational setting still presented notable roadblocks for some participants regardless which approach was used. These revelations indicate a need for additional strategies to be implemented both inside and outside classrooms to ensure equitable access and outcomes among all learners despite external influences beyond their control.

To conclude, middle school research projects can be a great opportunity to teach students the fundamentals of effective research and provide them with an introduction to understanding complex topics. These ideas for middle school research projects are just some of the many possible ways that teachers and educators can help their students develop this important skill set. With proper guidance from experienced professionals and access to reliable sources, these research project assignments can become engaging learning experiences for everyone involved.

Exploring Exciting Research Topics for Middle School Students

Are you searching for the best research topics for middle school? If yes, then your search ends here with the best ever research topics for middle school.

Research is an essential aspect of learning, and it is never too early to introduce it to students. Middle school is an excellent time for students to start learning how to conduct research and develop critical thinking skills. By engaging in research projects, students can explore various topics in-depth and develop a deeper understanding of them.

Additionally, research projects can help students develop crucial skills such as time management, organization, and communication. This guide will provide examples of research topics for middle school students and offer tips on how to identify research topics and access scholarly sources. With this guide, students can discover the exciting world of research and the many benefits it offers.

Importance of research topics for middle school students

Table of Contents

Have a close look at the importance of research topics for middle school students.

Develop critical thinking skills

Research topics encourage students to analyze information, think critically about issues and topics, and make informed decisions. This helps them develop their ability to assess evidence and draw conclusions.

Enhance academic skills

Research projects help students develop essential academic skills such as reading, writing, and critical thinking. These skills are critical for success in high school, college, and beyond.

Prepare for high school and beyond

Research projects prepare students for the more in-depth research assignments they will encounter in high school and beyond. It also prepares them for the rigors of college-level research.

Foster creativity

Research projects can provide students with opportunities to explore creative ways of presenting information and engaging with their topic. This can include using technology, art, or multimedia presentations to showcase their findings.

Encourage curiosity

Research projects can encourage students to ask questions, investigate, and discover new information about topics that interest them. This helps them develop a love of learning and become lifelong learners.

Develop time management skills

Research projects require planning and organization, and can help students develop time management skills. This prepares them for managing their time and workload in high school, college, and beyond.

Promote collaboration

Research projects can be done individually or in groups, allowing students to collaborate, share ideas, and learn from one another. This helps them develop teamwork skills and learn to appreciate diverse perspectives.

Increase engagement

Research topics that are relevant and interesting to students can increase engagement and motivation in learning. This can help students become more invested in their education and develop a deeper understanding of the topic.

Improve communication skills

Research projects can help students develop communication skills, such as presenting findings and participating in discussions. This helps them become better communicators and prepares them for future academic and professional pursuits.

Encourage lifelong learning

Research projects can foster a love of learning and encourage students to continue exploring new topics throughout their lives. It helps them develop a sense of intellectual curiosity and a desire for continued personal growth.

Benefits of engaging in research projects

Have a close look at the benefits of engaging in research projects.

Enhances critical thinking skills

Research projects not only require students to gather information but also to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate it from various sources. These skills are essential for developing critical thinking skills, which are crucial for academic and real-life situations.

Promotes problem-solving skills

By engaging in research projects, students learn to identify problems, develop hypotheses, and test them. Through this process, they acquire problem-solving skills, which are essential for academic success and life beyond school.

Develops creativity

Research projects often require students to think outside the box and come up with innovative solutions. This encourages creativity, which is a valuable skill for success in many areas of life, from science to the arts.

Improves communication skills

Research projects often require students to present their findings in written or oral form, which helps improve their communication skills. The ability to communicate effectively is crucial for academic and professional success.

Boosts confidence

Successfully completing a research project can give students a sense of accomplishment and boost their confidence in their abilities. This, in turn, can lead to greater motivation and engagement in learning.

Provides hands-on learning experiences

Research projects allow students to apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-world situations, providing hands-on learning experiences. This can help students connect what they learn in school to the world around them.

Encourages independent learning

Research projects require students to work independently and take ownership of their learning, which encourages self-directed learning. This is a valuable skill that can help students become lifelong learners.

Builds research skills

Engaging in research projects helps students build research skills, such as conducting literature reviews, designing research studies, and analyzing data. These skills are essential for success in college and many careers.

Prepares for college and career

Research projects provide valuable experience that can prepare students for college and careers that require research and critical thinking skills. These skills are highly valued by colleges and employers.

Fosters a love of learning

Engaging in research projects can foster a love of learning and curiosity about the world around us. This can lead to a lifelong passion for learning and exploration.

Research Topics for Middle School

Have a close look at research topics for middle school.

STEM Research Topics

Here are some STEM research topics that middle school students can explore:

• Renewable energy sources and their impact on the environment
• The effects of pollution on local ecosystems
• Investigating the properties of different types of soils
• Building and testing a simple machine or robot
• The effects of different types of fertilizers on plant growth
• The relationship between exercise and heart rate
• The chemistry of food preservation
• The physics of roller coasters and amusement park rides
• Investigating the efficiency of different types of insulation materials
• The effects of music on the brain and body

How to Identify a STEM Research Topic

Have a close look at how to identify a stem research topic.

Identify your interests

Think about what subjects interest you in STEM, such as biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, or computer science.

Explore current events

Look at recent news articles or scientific journals to see what topics are currently being researched and discussed in STEM fields.

Consider problems and challenges

Think about problems or challenges in the world that could be addressed with STEM research, such as climate change, renewable energy, or medical advancements.

Brainstorm ideas

Write down any ideas that come to mind based on your interests and the topics you have explored. Consider how you could approach these topics from a STEM perspective.

Research existing studies

Look at existing research studies in your area of interest to see what has already been done and what gaps still exist that you could explore.

Consult with experts

Seek guidance from teachers, professors, or professionals in STEM fields to help you identify potential research topics and provide resources.

By following these steps, you can identify a STEM research topic that aligns with your interests and has the potential to contribute to the field.

Benefits of STEM Research Projects

Engaging in STEM research projects can offer a variety of benefits for middle school students, including:

Development of critical thinking skills

STEM research projects require students to analyze data, identify patterns, and draw conclusions, which enhances their critical thinking abilities.

Hands-on learning experiences

STEM research projects provide opportunities for students to apply what they have learned in the classroom to real-world situations, which offers hands-on learning experiences.

Preparation for future careers

STEM research projects can prepare students for careers in science, technology, engineering, and math, as they develop skills relevant to these fields.

Fostering creativity

STEM research projects often require students to think outside the box and come up with innovative solutions, which fosters creativity.

Development of research skills

Engaging in STEM research projects helps students build research skills, such as designing experiments, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.

Collaboration

STEM research projects can be done individually or in groups, allowing students to collaborate, share ideas, and learn from one another.

Improvement of communication skills

STEM research projects often require students to present their findings in written or oral form, which helps improve their communication skills.

Boosting self-confidence

Successfully completing a STEM research project can give students a sense of accomplishment and boost their self-confidence in their abilities.

Encouragement of lifelong learning

STEM research projects can foster a love of learning and encourage students to continue exploring new topics throughout their lives.

Social Science Research Topics

Examples of social science research topics for middle school students:

• The impact of social media on mental health.
• Gender inequality in education and the workplace.
• The effects of poverty on child development.
• The relationship between stress and physical health.
• The role of parenting styles in child behavior.
• The effects of bullying on mental health and social relationships.
• The impact of immigration policies on families.
• The influence of media on body image and self-esteem.
• The relationship between personality and academic achievement.
• The effects of technology on social relationships.

How to identify a social science research topic:

To identify a social science research topic, you can follow these steps:

Identify a broad area of interest

Begin by thinking about the general field of social science that interests you the most. This could be psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, or any other related field.

Narrow down the focus

Once you have identified a broad area of interest, narrow down your focus to a specific topic or issue within that field. For example, if you are interested in psychology, you might focus on a specific mental health condition or treatment.

Consider current events

Look at current events or issues that are receiving a lot of attention in the news or media. Consider how you can apply social science research methods to study these topics in more depth.

Talk to your teachers, professors, or other experts in the field to get ideas for research topics. They may be able to provide you with valuable insights and suggestions.

Conduct a literature review

Conducting a literature review involves reading published research studies, articles, and books related to your topic. This will help you understand what research has already been done in the field and identify any gaps or areas that need further exploration.

Refine your research question

Once you have identified a topic of interest, refine your research question by making it more specific and focused. This will help you to develop a clear research plan and stay on track during your project.

Benefits of social science research projects

Have a close look the benefits of social science research topics.

Improved critical thinking skills

Social science research projects require students to analyze and evaluate information from various sources, which helps develop their critical thinking skills.

Enhance problem-solving skills

Through research, students can identify problems and find solutions by gathering and analyzing data, developing hypotheses, and testing them.

Develop empathy

Social science research projects often require students to explore topics related to human behavior and interactions, which can help them develop empathy and understanding for others.

Foster a love of learning

Engaging in social science research projects can foster a love of learning and curiosity about the world around us.

Develop research skills

Social science research projects allow students to develop important research skills such as conducting literature reviews, designing research studies, and analyzing data.

Enhance communication skills

Social science research projects often require students to present their findings in written or oral form, which can help improve their communication skills.

Promote civic engagement

Social science research projects can encourage students to become active and engaged citizens by exploring issues related to society and government.

Expand cultural awareness

Social science research projects can help students understand and appreciate different cultures, beliefs , and perspectives.

Prepare for college and career

Social science research projects provide valuable experience that can prepare students for college and careers that require research, critical thinking, and communication skills.

Humanities Research Topics

Examples of humanities research topics for middle school students:

• The impact of art and music on society
• The history and cultural significance of traditional dress
• The role of religion in shaping world events
• The influence of ancient civilizations on modern society
• The significance of oral history in preserving cultural traditions
• The portrayal of gender roles in literature and media
• The impact of social media on interpersonal communication
• The role of government in promoting human rights
• The significance of historical landmarks in shaping national identity
• The portrayal of mental health in literature and media.

How to identify a humanities research topic

Have a close look at how to identify a humanities research topics.

Brainstorm topics

Begin by brainstorming ideas that interest you or your students. This can include topics related to literature, history, art, philosophy, or culture.

Narrow down the ideas

Once you have a list of potential topics, start narrowing them down by considering the available resources, the level of complexity, and the relevance to current events or personal interests.

Conduct preliminary research on the narrowed-down topics to ensure that there is enough information available and that the topic is suitable for a research project.

Consider different perspectives

Humanities topics often involve multiple perspectives and interpretations, so it’s essential to consider different viewpoints and debates related to the topic.

Consult with teachers or librarians

Ask for input from teachers or librarians who specialize in humanities subjects. They may have ideas for topics, recommended resources, or can help guide students towards a suitable topic.

Refine the topic

Once a suitable topic has been identified, refine it further by clarifying the research question, determining the scope of the project, and outlining the research methodology.

Benefits of humanities research projects

Have a close look at the benefits of humanities research projects.

Developing critical thinking skills

Humanities research projects require students to analyze information, form opinions, and develop arguments, which helps them to think critically.

Enhancing creativity

Humanities research projects often require students to think creatively about how they present their findings and engage with their topic.

Improving communication skills

Humanities research projects often involve written or oral presentations, which help students to develop their communication skills.

Encouraging curiosity

Humanities research projects can encourage students to ask questions and explore new topics, fostering their curiosity.

Developing empathy

Humanities research projects often involve examining different perspectives and cultures, which can help students to develop empathy and understanding for others.

Preparing for higher education

Humanities research projects provide students with valuable research skills and a foundation for more advanced research projects in high school and college.

Increasing engagement

Research topics that are relevant and interesting to students can increase engagement and motivation in learning.

Encouraging lifelong learning

Humanities research projects can foster a love of learning and encourage students to continue exploring new topics throughout their lives.

Interdisciplinary Research Topics

Examples of interdisciplinary research topics for middle school students:

• How does climate change affect biodiversity?
• The impact of technology on society and culture.
• The role of music in mental health.
• How do food and nutrition affect brain development and academic performance?
• The history and science of flight.
• How does social media influence body image and self-esteem?
• The connection between art and science in creating visual illusions.
• The impact of sports on physical and mental health.
• The psychology and biology of addiction.
• The history and science of ancient civilizations.

How to identify an interdisciplinary research topic

Have a close look at how to identify an interdisciplinary research topic.

Look for common themes or issues

Think about topics that overlap between different subjects. For example, climate change is a topic that can be explored in science, social studies, and literature.

Identify the questions

Once you have identified a common theme or issue, think about the questions that arise from it. What do you want to learn or investigate about this topic?

When exploring interdisciplinary topics, it’s important to consider different perspectives from different subjects. For example, if you’re researching climate change, you might want to explore the scientific causes and effects, the social and economic impacts, and the ethical and moral considerations.

Brainstorm possible connections

Consider how the different subjects you’re interested in can connect to the topic you want to explore. For example, if you’re interested in exploring the history of music, you might look at how different historical events influenced music and how music, in turn, influenced history.

Refine your topic

Once you have some possible connections, refine your topic by focusing on a specific aspect or question. This will help you narrow your focus and make your research more manageable.

If you’re having trouble identifying an interdisciplinary research topic, consider consulting with your teachers or librarians. They may be able to offer guidance or suggest resources that can help you identify a topic.

Benefits of interdisciplinary research projects

Have a close look at the benefits of interdisciplinary research projects.

Encouraging creativity and innovation

Interdisciplinary research topics often require students to approach problems from different angles and find creative solutions by combining knowledge from different fields.

Enhancing critical thinking and problem-solving skills

Interdisciplinary research requires students to analyze and synthesize information from various sources, think critically, and solve complex problems.

Promoting collaboration and teamwork

Interdisciplinary research often involves working in teams, which fosters collaboration, communication, and teamwork skills.

Providing a broader perspective

Interdisciplinary research allows students to gain a more comprehensive understanding of a topic by examining it from multiple perspectives.

Developing research skills

Interdisciplinary research projects help students develop research skills, such as conducting literature reviews, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings.

Preparing for future academic and career opportunities

Interdisciplinary research projects provide students with valuable experience and skills that can prepare them for future academic and career opportunities that require interdisciplinary approaches.

Resources for Conducting Research

There are various resources available for middle school students to conduct research. Here are some examples:

School Library

The school library is a great resource for finding books, academic journals, and other resources on a wide range of topics. Librarians can also provide guidance on how to find and evaluate sources.

Online Databases

There are several online databases that provide access to academic journals, magazines, and other scholarly sources. Examples include JSTOR, Project MUSE, and Academic Search Premier.

Google Scholar

Google Scholar is a search engine that allows you to find scholarly articles, books, and conference papers. It can be a useful tool for finding academic sources on specific topics.

Public Library

Public libraries also offer access to a wide range of resources, including books, databases, and other materials. They may also offer research assistance and guidance.

Government Websites

Government websites can be a great resource for research on topics such as history, social studies, and science. Examples include the Library of Congress, the National Archives, and the National Science Foundation.

Online Archives

Many organizations and institutions maintain online archives of historical documents, images, and other resources. Examples include the Smithsonian Institution, the National Archives, and the Digital Public Library of America.

Interviews and Surveys

Conducting interviews and surveys can be a valuable way to gather information for research projects. This can involve reaching out to experts in a particular field or surveying individuals to gather data.

Online Learning Platforms

Online learning platforms, such as Coursera and edX, offer courses on a wide range of topics. These courses often provide access to readings, videos, and other resources that can be useful for research projects.

How to access scholarly sources

Accessing scholarly sources can be done through various means, including:

Using academic search engines

There are several academic search engines available that provide access to scholarly sources. Some popular examples include Google Scholar, JSTOR, and PubMed. These search engines allow users to search for academic articles, journals, and other research papers.

Using academic databases

Many universities and libraries offer access to academic databases, such as EBSCO and ProQuest, which contain a vast collection of scholarly sources. Students can check with their school or local library to see if they have access to such databases.

Checking library catalogs

Most libraries have a catalog that contains information about the books and other materials they have available. Students can use these catalogs to search for scholarly sources, such as books, journals, and other publications.

Contacting experts

Students can contact experts in their field of study or a related field to ask for recommendations for scholarly sources. Experts may be able to suggest relevant academic articles, books, or other resources.

Using interlibrary loan services

If a student cannot find a specific scholarly source at their own library, they can use interlibrary loan services to request the material from another library. This service allows libraries to share materials with one another, giving students access to a wider range of scholarly sources.

It is important to note that some scholarly sources may require payment or subscription access. However, many sources are available for free or can be accessed through a library’s subscription.

In conclusion, research projects provide middle school students with an opportunity to explore various subjects in depth, develop their critical thinking skills, and gain a better understanding of the world around them.

STEM, social sciences, humanities, and interdisciplinary research topics offer a broad range of options for students to choose from, and there are various resources available for conducting research, including online databases and access to scholarly sources.

By engaging in research projects, students can improve their academic performance, enhance their problem-solving abilities, and gain valuable experience that will benefit them in the future.

Therefore, we encourage all middle school students to take advantage of these opportunities and engage in research projects that interest them.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is the purpose of research topics for middle school students.

The purpose of research topics for middle school students is to encourage students to explore their interests, develop critical thinking skills, and learn how to conduct research. It also helps them to understand the importance of research in various fields and how it can contribute to solving real-world problems.

How do I choose a research topic for middle school?

Choosing a research topic for middle school involves identifying your interests, brainstorming ideas, and considering the resources available to you. You can start by thinking about a subject that you are curious about or passionate about, and then narrowing down your focus to a specific aspect or question you want to investigate.

What are some tips for conducting research as a middle school student?

Some tips for conducting research as a middle school student include developing a research question, finding reliable sources, taking thorough notes, organizing your information, and citing your sources properly. It’s also important to plan your time wisely and seek help from teachers or librarians if you need assistance.

Can middle school students access scholarly sources online?

Yes, many scholarly sources are available online and can be accessed by middle school students through databases provided by their school or public libraries. Some popular databases for middle school students include JSTOR, ProQuest, and EBSCOhost.

How can research projects benefit middle school students in the long term?

Research projects can benefit middle school students in the long term by developing important skills such as critical thinking, problem-solving, communication, and time management. It also prepares them for future academic endeavors, and exposes them to potential career paths or fields of interest.

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Assigning Research Projects in Middle School: Tips for Teachers on Teaching the Proper Structure of a Research Project

• Kellie Hayden
• Categories : Middle school teaching strategies
• Tags : Teaching middle school grades 6 8

Middle school students generally need to learn the correct way to do a research paper. They have been “researching” for years.

However, they don’t always know how to do it properly. When students are asked to research and not given instruction on the proper way to format a research paper, teachers might receive unusual papers.

Common Mistakes

Students can clean up their mistakes when teachers are clear about what they expect and give examples. However, when students are simply told to research and turn in a paper, blunders will happen. An almost “laughable” mistake made by middle school students was listing Google.com as the only source.

As for plagiarism, students go to great lengths to get away with it. Or, they mistakenly do it. A middle school student copied a whole section from an online encyclopedia and thought that it was okay because he listed the source on the works cited page. One student who was trying desperately not to plagiarize placed the whole text of her research paper in quotation marks. These types of errors will continue to happen if teachers are not clear about their expectations.

Teacher Preparation

Teachers need to gather together resource books or examples of research papers , find acceptable paper format websites, write a step-by-step project sheet and put together a grading sheet or rubric for the research project . Teachers need to decide what format they want their students to follow: MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.

The following are tips to help with the planning:

• For the first research paper, assign a short one (1-3 pages) so that the format is the focus.
• The Writer’s Inc or Write Source book by Great Source is a great reference book that includes example research papers. However, there are many online resources as well.
• The works cited page, reference pager or bibliography require a great deal of class time. Instructing students to make a proper reference page with all of the periods and spacing correct can be a maddening experience. The S_on of Citation Machine_ website is a very helpful website.
• Give students a rubric or grade sheet before they begin working on the research paper.

Example Reserach Paper Grade Sheet

Format (25 points)

• Correct title, page header, page number
• Spacing and margins
• Sections in correct order
• Proper works cited page, reference page or bibliography

Structure & Organization (25 points)

• Strong thesis statement
• Attention-getting introductory paragraph
• Topic sentences relates to thesis statement
• Main points are in a logical order
• Main points flow well with transitons
• Conclusion wraps up paper

Grammar 25 (points)

• Correct grammar, spelling, usage and mechanics

Content (25 points)

• Not repetitive, fresh, interesting
• Not copied from original source
• Proves and/or supports thesis statement
• Provides enough credible information

Writing the Research Paper

Students need to begin their research project with an interesting topic. However, they need to select one that is not too broad. They should come up with one sentence that tells what the paper will be about or a thesis statement to focus their research.

Teachers can require note cards or have students highlight printed notes from the Internet. Students should create an outline to organize their information. Then, they should write a rough draft. Teachers can read the rough drafts and check that students did not plagiarize. Last, students need to type their research paper in the correct format by using the resources they have been given.

Research projects are a time consuming unit. The more organized the teacher is before embarking on this activity, the better the papers will be in the end.

• Research Skills

50 Mini-Lessons For Teaching Students Research Skills

Please note, I am no longer blogging and this post hasn’t updated since April 2020.

For a number of years, Seth Godin has been talking about the need to “ connect the dots” rather than “collect the dots” . That is, rather than memorising information, students must be able to learn how to solve new problems, see patterns, and combine multiple perspectives.

Solid research skills underpin this. Having the fluency to find and use information successfully is an essential skill for life and work.

Today’s students have more information at their fingertips than ever before and this means the role of the teacher as a guide is more important than ever.

You might be wondering how you can fit teaching research skills into a busy curriculum? There aren’t enough hours in the day! The good news is, there are so many mini-lessons you can do to build students’ skills over time.

This post outlines 50 ideas for activities that could be done in just a few minutes (or stretched out to a longer lesson if you have the time!).

Learn More About The Research Process

I have a popular post called Teach Students How To Research Online In 5 Steps. It outlines a five-step approach to break down the research process into manageable chunks.

This post shares ideas for mini-lessons that could be carried out in the classroom throughout the year to help build students’ skills in the five areas of: clarify, search, delve, evaluate , and cite . It also includes ideas for learning about staying organised throughout the research process.

Notes about the 50 research activities:

• These ideas can be adapted for different age groups from middle primary/elementary to senior high school.
• Many of these ideas can be repeated throughout the year.
• Depending on the age of your students, you can decide whether the activity will be more teacher or student led. Some activities suggest coming up with a list of words, questions, or phrases. Teachers of younger students could generate these themselves.
• Depending on how much time you have, many of the activities can be either quickly modelled by the teacher, or extended to an hour-long lesson.
• Some of the activities could fit into more than one category.
• Looking for simple articles for younger students for some of the activities? Try DOGO News or Time for Kids . Newsela is also a great resource but you do need to sign up for free account.
• Why not try a few activities in a staff meeting? Everyone can always brush up on their own research skills!

• Choose a topic (e.g. koalas, basketball, Mount Everest) . Write as many questions as you can think of relating to that topic.
• Make a mindmap of a topic you’re currently learning about. This could be either on paper or using an online tool like Bubbl.us .
• Read a short book or article. Make a list of 5 words from the text that you don’t totally understand. Look up the meaning of the words in a dictionary (online or paper).
• Look at a printed or digital copy of a short article with the title removed. Come up with as many different titles as possible that would fit the article.
• Come up with a list of 5 different questions you could type into Google (e.g. Which country in Asia has the largest population?) Circle the keywords in each question.
• Write down 10 words to describe a person, place, or topic. Come up with synonyms for these words using a tool like  Thesaurus.com .
• Write pairs of synonyms on post-it notes (this could be done by the teacher or students). Each student in the class has one post-it note and walks around the classroom to find the person with the synonym to their word.

• Explore how to search Google using your voice (i.e. click/tap on the microphone in the Google search box or on your phone/tablet keyboard) . List the pros and cons of using voice and text to search.
• Open two different search engines in your browser such as Google and Bing. Type in a query and compare the results. Do all search engines work exactly the same?
• Have students work in pairs to try out a different search engine (there are 11 listed here ). Report back to the class on the pros and cons.
• Think of something you’re curious about, (e.g. What endangered animals live in the Amazon Rainforest?). Open Google in two tabs. In one search, type in one or two keywords ( e.g. Amazon Rainforest) . In the other search type in multiple relevant keywords (e.g. endangered animals Amazon rainforest).  Compare the results. Discuss the importance of being specific.
• Similar to above, try two different searches where one phrase is in quotation marks and the other is not. For example, Origin of “raining cats and dogs” and Origin of raining cats and dogs . Discuss the difference that using quotation marks makes (It tells Google to search for the precise keywords in order.)
• Try writing a question in Google with a few minor spelling mistakes. What happens? What happens if you add or leave out punctuation ?
• Try the AGoogleADay.com daily search challenges from Google. The questions help older students learn about choosing keywords, deconstructing questions, and altering keywords.
• Explore how Google uses autocomplete to suggest searches quickly. Try it out by typing in various queries (e.g. How to draw… or What is the tallest…). Discuss how these suggestions come about, how to use them, and whether they’re usually helpful.
• Watch this video  from Code.org to learn more about how search works .
• Take a look at  20 Instant Google Searches your Students Need to Know  by Eric Curts to learn about “ instant searches ”. Try one to try out. Perhaps each student could be assigned one to try and share with the class.
• Experiment with typing some questions into Google that have a clear answer (e.g. “What is a parallelogram?” or “What is the highest mountain in the world?” or “What is the population of Australia?”). Look at the different ways the answers are displayed instantly within the search results — dictionary definitions, image cards, graphs etc.

• Watch the video How Does Google Know Everything About Me?  by Scientific American. Discuss the PageRank algorithm and how Google uses your data to customise search results.
• Brainstorm a list of popular domains   (e.g. .com, .com.au, or your country’s domain) . Discuss if any domains might be more reliable than others and why (e.g. .gov or .edu) .
• Discuss (or research) ways to open Google search results in a new tab to save your original search results  (i.e. right-click > open link in new tab or press control/command and click the link).
• Try out a few Google searches (perhaps start with things like “car service” “cat food” or “fresh flowers”). A re there advertisements within the results? Discuss where these appear and how to spot them.
• Look at ways to filter search results by using the tabs at the top of the page in Google (i.e. news, images, shopping, maps, videos etc.). Do the same filters appear for all Google searches? Try out a few different searches and see.
• Type a question into Google and look for the “People also ask” and “Searches related to…” sections. Discuss how these could be useful. When should you use them or ignore them so you don’t go off on an irrelevant tangent? Is the information in the drop-down section under “People also ask” always the best?
• Often, more current search results are more useful. Click on “tools” under the Google search box and then “any time” and your time frame of choice such as “Past month” or “Past year”.
• Have students annotate their own “anatomy of a search result” example like the one I made below. Explore the different ways search results display; some have more details like sitelinks and some do not.

• Find two articles on a news topic from different publications. Or find a news article and an opinion piece on the same topic. Make a Venn diagram comparing the similarities and differences.
• Choose a graph, map, or chart from The New York Times’ What’s Going On In This Graph series . Have a whole class or small group discussion about the data.
• Look at images stripped of their captions on What’s Going On In This Picture? by The New York Times. Discuss the images in pairs or small groups. What can you tell?
• Explore a website together as a class or in pairs — perhaps a news website. Identify all the advertisements .
• Have a look at a fake website either as a whole class or in pairs/small groups. See if students can spot that these sites are not real. Discuss the fact that you can’t believe everything that’s online. Get started with these four examples of fake websites from Eric Curts.
• Give students a copy of my website evaluation flowchart to analyse and then discuss as a class. Read more about the flowchart in this post.
• As a class, look at a prompt from Mike Caulfield’s Four Moves . Either together or in small groups, have students fact check the prompts on the site. This resource explains more about the fact checking process. Note: some of these prompts are not suitable for younger students.
• Practice skim reading — give students one minute to read a short article. Ask them to discuss what stood out to them. Headings? Bold words? Quotes? Then give students ten minutes to read the same article and discuss deep reading.

All students can benefit from learning about plagiarism, copyright, how to write information in their own words, and how to acknowledge the source. However, the formality of this process will depend on your students’ age and your curriculum guidelines.

• Watch the video Citation for Beginners for an introduction to citation. Discuss the key points to remember.
• Look up the definition of plagiarism using a variety of sources (dictionary, video, Wikipedia etc.). Create a definition as a class.
• Find an interesting video on YouTube (perhaps a “life hack” video) and write a brief summary in your own words.
• Have students pair up and tell each other about their weekend. Then have the listener try to verbalise or write their friend’s recount in their own words. Discuss how accurate this was.
• Read the class a copy of a well known fairy tale. Have them write a short summary in their own words. Compare the versions that different students come up with.
• Try out MyBib — a handy free online tool without ads that helps you create citations quickly and easily.
• Give primary/elementary students a copy of Kathy Schrock’s Guide to Citation that matches their grade level (the guide covers grades 1 to 6). Choose one form of citation and create some examples as a class (e.g. a website or a book).
• Make a list of things that are okay and not okay to do when researching, e.g. copy text from a website, use any image from Google images, paraphrase in your own words and cite your source, add a short quote and cite the source. 
• Have students read a short article and then come up with a summary that would be considered plagiarism and one that would not be considered plagiarism. These could be shared with the class and the students asked to decide which one shows an example of plagiarism .
• Older students could investigate the difference between paraphrasing and summarising . They could create a Venn diagram that compares the two.
• Write a list of statements on the board that might be true or false ( e.g. The 1956 Olympics were held in Melbourne, Australia. The rhinoceros is the largest land animal in the world. The current marathon world record is 2 hours, 7 minutes). Have students research these statements and decide whether they’re true or false by sharing their citations.

Staying Organised

• Make a list of different ways you can take notes while researching — Google Docs, Google Keep, pen and paper etc. Discuss the pros and cons of each method.
• Learn the keyboard shortcuts to help manage tabs (e.g. open new tab, reopen closed tab, go to next tab etc.). Perhaps students could all try out the shortcuts and share their favourite one with the class.
• Find a collection of resources on a topic and add them to a Wakelet .
• Listen to a short podcast or watch a brief video on a certain topic and sketchnote ideas. Sylvia Duckworth has some great tips about live sketchnoting
• Learn how to use split screen to have one window open with your research, and another open with your notes (e.g. a Google spreadsheet, Google Doc, Microsoft Word or OneNote etc.) .

All teachers know it’s important to teach students to research well. Investing time in this process will also pay off throughout the year and the years to come. Students will be able to focus on analysing and synthesizing information, rather than the mechanics of the research process.

By trying out as many of these mini-lessons as possible throughout the year, you’ll be really helping your students to thrive in all areas of school, work, and life.

Also remember to model your own searches explicitly during class time. Talk out loud as you look things up and ask students for input. Learning together is the way to go!

You Might Also Enjoy Reading:

How To Evaluate Websites: A Guide For Teachers And Students

Five Tips for Teaching Students How to Research and Filter Information

Typing Tips: The How and Why of Teaching Students Keyboarding Skills

8 Ways Teachers And Schools Can Communicate With Parents

10 Replies to “50 Mini-Lessons For Teaching Students Research Skills”

Loving these ideas, thank you

This list is amazing. Thank you so much!

So glad it’s helpful, Alex! 🙂

Hi I am a student who really needed some help on how to reasearch thanks for the help.

So glad it helped! 🙂

seriously seriously grateful for your post. 🙂

So glad it’s helpful! Makes my day 🙂

How do you get the 50 mini lessons. I got the free one but am interested in the full version.

Hi Tracey, The link to the PDF with the 50 mini lessons is in the post. Here it is . Check out this post if you need more advice on teaching students how to research online. Hope that helps! Kathleen

Best wishes to you as you face your health battler. Hoping you’ve come out stronger and healthier from it. Your website is so helpful.

Comments are closed.

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206 Middle School Research Topics: Original Ideas List

As middle schoolers prepare to go to high school, they are introduced slowly to essay and research writing. They are sometimes given homework that involves picking suitable topics and writing on them. However, it should be noted that i t is not easy to write a research paper for a high grade. Middle schoolers in their preteen age are taught how to be creative, air out their opinions and conduct little research. It helps make them critical thinkers and prepares them for more writing tasks as they advance in their education. This article will help middle schoolers understand what is expected of them when asked to write an essay or research on a topic. It will also expose them to different areas where they can write and many research topics for middle school they can pick from.

What Should Be In A Middle School Research Paper?

Middle school research papers are often not required to be extended. They are in a unique position where they move from writing simple pieces to more detailed essays and research papers. This is the foundation where they learn to write excellent papers as they transcend to high school and eventually college. Writing an essay in middle school is not very different from writing in other stages. Some steps to get you started are

• Understanding the Assignment :Before you begin, you should understand your teacher’s expectations when turning in your finished work.There will be rules and procedures to follow. Know the format the essay is supposed to be written in, and keep the due dates in mind. If you do not understand any aspect of the assignment, please ask for clarification, as this will help you deliver a clear and concise essay at the end.
• Do Your Pre-Writing :Start with brainstorming on middle school research topics to determine what you would like your essay to be about. There are many options to pick from and several general subjects to break down into topics you want.

Pick up to three topics when you first brainstorm. From there, you can select the best one to write on. When you find a topic, start writing all you know about it. Create a rough paper where you jot down information from your research that will be useful in your essay. Feel free to write freely, as this will be your first draft, and you have the chance to edit it as you go.

• Edit Your Work : Editing is essential. It helps give your paper structure. From your rough work, take out parts that are not necessary and add details you think you missed. This is where you should be detailed and try to make your work as neat and correct as possible. You are almost at the end of writing the paper.When you are sure your paper is good, it is time to proofread. Check for spelling and punctuation errors. One expert way to do this is to read the report from the bottom up, and this can help you spot any spelling errors.
• Citations and References : Your teacher would have given you a format to write references for your work. Ensure that you are following the prescribed format.References will highlight the sources of the information gathered to make your essay.

What Can Middle Schoolers Write About?

There are many general subjects that middle schoolers can write about in their assignments. Streaming from what they have been taught in the classroom or their experiences outside class. Some issues that can create good middle school research paper topics include:

Science : This broad aspect covers earth science, geology, physical science, life science, and genetics. Science research paper topics for middle school will encourage the students to be interested in growth and learning how things work. Social Studies : This will involve learning about their history, other people’s cultures, human interaction, family, etc. This will create fun research topics for 6th graders, learning about life and how relationships work. Literature : This is the best time to learn about books and works of art. The literature will provide many topics to research for middle school students.

There are many more aspects that middle school students can research and write papers on. Discover more than 200 interesting research topics for middle school students below. However don’t worry if the assignment seems too difficult for you. You are only at the beginning of the path and our cheap research writing service will be happy to get you through with your paper.

Good Research Topics For Middle School

Students who have no experience writing papers and are looking for good research topics to work on are in luck. The topics below are suitable for all middle schoolers and can create detailed essays.

• Should students be compelled to wear a specific uniform?
• Textbooks or tablets: which is better to read from?
• Obesity in American youth: Causes and solutions.
• Should boys and girls be allowed to play on the same athletics team?
• Should young people be allowed to play violent video games?
• Impact of continuously playing violent video games.
• When can we say someone is spending too much time in front of the screen?
• Listening to music during class: Does it disturb concentration?
• How to recognize harmful content on the internet?
• Should all businesses be compelled to recycle?
• What is the appropriate punishment for students who engage in cyberbullying?
• Should school hours be adjusted to later in the morning?
• Should our scientists be allowed to test drugs on animals?
• Why do people’s behavior change in different settings?
•  Is sex education important?
• Different types of poetry and how they came about.
• What to do if you are being bullied on the internet.
• How to have healthy self-esteem.
• Why does the human body need sleep?
• Insect repellents, are they helpful?
• Why did dinosaurs go extinct?
• What is skateboarding?
• The effects of tobacco on the body.
• Artificial tanning: Risks and benefits.
• What is spam email? Where does it come from, and how can we stop it?
• What is a desert mirage? How does it affect people?
• What are penguins? Where do they stay, and what do they eat?
• When and how was America created?
• Who are some well know and inspirational women?
• Who are some famous inventors?
• What famous inventions helped in shaping human existence?
• Steps you can take to protect yourself from scammers online.
• What is a cryptocurrency, and why is it so popular?
• What did the invention of the mobile phone do to change the world?
• How to handle stress from school.
• How can issues in the family affect a child?
• Is your school working hard enough to prevent bullying?
• Should we use mobile phones and tablets in class?
• Does technology make you smarter?
• What is an unhealthy life, and what are the effects?
• Is there any benefit of doing homework?
• What is video game addiction, and how to stop it?
• What is a museum, and what can be found in it?
• What can we do to reduce climate change?
• Is soda suitable for children?
• Does everyone have to go to college?
• Comparing homework and class assignments.
• What is physical education?
• How the internet has changed our life
• What is peer pressure?
• What effect has global warming had on the environment?
• What is racism?
• What is a healthy diet?
• Should students be able to pick what they learn?
• Do movies depict what happens in real life?
• Is arts a vital part of the school curriculum?
• What are the challenges students face?
• How do we conserve energy in our homes?
• What is pop culture?
• Should parents monitor their children’s social media?

Fun Research Topics for Middle School

Writing an essay shouldn’t always be stressful or tedious. These topics will make writing papers fun. The topics below can hold the researcher’s attention for a long time as they work on completing their project.

• How should celebrities who break the law be punished?
• What is bulletproof clothing made of?
• All there is to know about hip-hop.
• What do we know about ninjas?
• Do lie detector tests work?
• What are the ingredients contained in a hotdog?
• Sharks, how do they hunt, and what do they eat?
• How do search engines work?
• Some fascinating extinct animals, and what happened to them?
• How to manage time effectively.
• How does insufficient sleep affect the brain?
• How to let go of bad habits?
•  How do parents help us grow?
• How to become a better writer.
• Are dogs and cats enemies?
• Why do parents punish children for bad behavior?
• What is the best punishment for naughty kids?
• Is magic real?
• How to save money effectively?
• What is self-development?
• How to motivate yourself to be a better student?
• When should you begin to earn money?
• What’s the secret of having a successful life?
• How not to become a game addict.

Middle School Research Project Ideas

Research shouldn’t always end as essay writing. Sometimes, you need hands-on projects to keep the middle schooler busy. The list below can serve as an ideal hub for research ideas for middle school students and work as interesting essay topics.

• Investigating what life is like inside a beehive.
• Steps in creating a movie.
• How do our brains store memories and retrieve them when we need them?
• What is a landform?
• What are some important holidays around the world, and who celebrates them?
• What are some significant symbols used in world holidays?
• Creating an ecosystem: what’s the process involved?
• Research on some exotic underwater creatures.
• What is a meteor?
• How to build a crossword puzzle.
• What is advertising: create a short advertisement campaign.
• Write the story of your life.
• Create a calendar highlighting critical events in your life.
• Create your family tree.

Science Research Topics for Middle School

Science is an exciting part of our lives. Because of science, the quality of our lives has increased, and there are many more inventions to come. These topics can engage the curious mind of the youngster and introduce them to science-related subjects to work on.

• Earthquakes: Its causes and effects.
• Computer viruses. What are they, and how do they spread?
• Evolution of human beings.
• Are human beings still evolving?
• What is alchemy?
• What is a black hole? How is it formed?
• What is a submarine? Who uses them, and how do they work?
• What is the cause of tornadoes?
• What is a sinkhole, and how do they form?
• Research on one of the planets in the solar system.
• Understanding glaciers and icebergs.
• What are volcanoes, and how do they form?
• The different types of volcanoes and what causes them.
• Who are the most famous scientists, and what are they famous for?
• What are the components of airplanes that make them fly?
• What are fossils, and what do they teach us?
• How do genetics and DNA affect how we look?
• Why does the moon change color and shape sometimes?
• What is a Lunar eclipse?
• What is pollution?
• The different types of pollution and what can be done to curb them?
• Can fruits play a part in medicine?
• What is flooding?
• What is an ecosystem?
• What measures do butterflies take to defend themselves?
• Different types of butterflies.
• What is a skeleton, and why is it an essential part of the body?
• How many bones are in a skeleton? Which are the most important?
• Who is a marine biologist?
• What is the connection between a marine biologist and the weather?
• What are the risks marine biologists face when they dive?
• Different types of fossils?
• Are whales still hunted?
• What is scientific research, and who conducts it?
• What is the job of the nervous system?
• Understanding the concept of hibernation?
• What are the necessities plants need to grow?
• Who are the people who study dinosaurs?
• Mammals and reptiles: Similarities and differences.
• Why don’t human beings float?
• What is a prism, and what does it do?
• What gives humans the ability to lift heavy things?
• What factors can cause earthquakes?
• How is wind measured?
• What differentiates a planet from a star?
• What is a galaxy? What galaxy is the earth?
• Who is an astronaut, and what is their job?
• What is a waterfall?
• Do plants drink water?
• Why do oil and water not mix?
• What is microbiology?
• How can we preserve our natural resources?
• Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of exploring space.
• What are bacteria, and how useful is it to humans?
• The similarities between temperature and heat.

Other Topics to Research for Middle School

We cannot run out of topics for middle schoolers, as several aspects are available to look at. Here are some other topics that can jump-start your essay writing process.

• Is it advisable for students to be with their cell phones all day?
• Should the minimum age for getting a driving license be raised?
• The differences between homeschooling and standard schooling: which is better?
• Does social media have a positive or negative impact on teenagers?
• Going vegan, is it good for your health?
• Who is a Monk, and what is his lifestyle/routine?
• How did humans domesticate cats and dogs, and why?
• How is America helping endangered animals?
• How is climate change affecting us?
• What are the effects of video games on teenagers and children?
• Do Athletes make good models?
• Who is to blame for the number of homeless people in America?
• Should we have shorter school weeks?
• Should parents monitor websites visited by their children?
• What is cybercrime?
• What can we don’t protect our environment?
• Instant messaging, do they affect literacy?
• What are the most effective ways of achieving academic excellence?
• What is a good movie that influenced us in 2023?
• Are tests a good way of judging a student’s intelligence?
• How does music help us feel better?
• How to choose the best research project ideas for middle school students.
• Why is it important to learn multiple languages?
• Do learning techniques affect behavior?
• Bullying and its effects on mental health.
• All you need to know about distant learning
• Should prayer be part of school activities?
• Do we need math formulas in real scenarios?
• When should students start undergoing leadership training?
• How to write a good essay.
• How does night vision work?
• What is the solar system?
• What is Nasa, and what do they do?
• What is a natural disaster, and what can cause one to happen?
• What is the process of becoming a president of the United States?
• How many presidents has the United States had?
• What are some of the responsibilities and privileges of the president?
• Learning about Vice Presidents and First Ladies of the United States.
• Is social media dangerous for children?
• Does the location where you grow up affect who you become?
• What is a participation trophy? Is it necessary?
• Should there be a screen time limit for children?
• What are the responsibilities of a government to its citizens?
• What is a curfew, and why do kids have them?
• Is grounding an effective punishment?
• Should physical education be necessary for everyone?
• What are some advantages of knowing how to read?
• How can cell phones be used productively while in class?
• What are the qualities of a good leader?
• What are hobbies, and what do they do for us?
• Should less homework be given to students?
• What is summer school? Does it help students?
• What age is appropriate for children to be left alone at home?

If You Need Paper Writing Help

There are many ways to brainstorm ideas for your middle school homework. The research project ideas for middle school and the topics listed above will make it easier to begin. After picking a suitable topic, the next step is writing the entire paper. This will involve a lot of research and fact-finding to get accurate information for your paper. It doesn’t end at research, as you still have to write a great essay to score high marks. This could be a daunting task for many students. Don’t be afraid to get research paper help from our professional writers. After attending class, you may not have adequate time to write your essay yourself, if this is your situation, it’s okay to search for help on the internet. A quick google search for “write my paper” will result in several websites promising to write the best essay for you. However, you need to make your research before hiring an online writer for your assignment. If you need someone to write your assignment, we can be of help. We provide fast, reliable, custom paper writing services that can be completed online. Our services are available to every student, including university, middle school, high school, and college students. Our team of writers consists of professionals and teachers who are always available to ensure that you meet your deadlines. Contact us with a message “ do my research paper for me ” and enjoy the perfect result!

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Projects to Engage Middle School Readers

It's my fault. I'll admit it. During my eight years in the classroom, I ruined at least two amazing literary works by assigning horrifically dull reading projects. My only hope is that those middle school students, whose enthusiasm I quashed, found another way to become passionate about literature.

Peanuts raises some interesting questions about the value of reading projects. Does Lucy clearly articulate her understanding of Peter Rabbit ? Does Schroeder have a solid grasp on the concept of narrative? Will Charlie Brown ever want to read another book?

In middle school, we ask students to dissect texts and perform literary analysis. However, that does not mean that we have to limit how we assess their understanding of the books. If the desired learning objective is for students to . . .

• Demonstrate understanding of the plot elements
• Explore the role of tone and theme
• Identify significant scenes or events and their impact on the story
• Analyze a character and show an understanding of that character's motivations
• Explain the relationship between the author's life and the story

. . . does it have to be an essay or book report ?

Book Trailers

In the spirit of movie trailers, book trailers allow students to create video advertisements to entice new readers. Not only do these projects ensure that students have a firm grasp on the story's plot, setting, theme and main characters, but they also provide an opportunity to address persuasive writing as well as digital literacy concepts like copyright and publishing.

Students could use iMovie or Animoto to create and publish their videos. In fact, iMovie includes a set of pre-built trailer templates, and Ben Schersten ( @benschersten ) created a great set of PDF storyboards for students to use in planning those projects. Both iMovie and Animoto allow students to focus on the content, as they greatly simplify the editing process. Ann Feldmann's sixth graders produced a great set of examples . By incorporating their own drawings and writing instead of searching for images or shooting live video, the technology became a medium through which they could really engage with the literature.

On a foggy fall day, I took my ninth graders outside to sit on the porch while I read "The Tell-Tale Heart," tapping heartbeats on the deck and playing off the ominous weather. They hung on every word, engrossed in Edgar Allen Poe.

Leveraging the recording capabilities of most computers and mobile devices, students could explore the role of tone and sound by creating podcasts in the fashion of old-school radio shows. Using Garageband , Audacity , AudioBoo or any other sound recorder, students can retell portions of stories, complete with background music and sound effects, to demonstrate their understanding of tone, setting and theme, as well as practice their reading fluency.

Choose Your Own Adventure

My middle school students struggled with identifying and comprehending the concept of foreshadowing. They didn't readily see how certain moments or scenes could impact later events. By allowing students to recreate the story as a "choose your own adventure" tale, they have the opportunity to map out not only the original story but also a new one, identifying significant events or images and their impact on the story.

Within the Book Creator app , students can build e-books with text, images, drawing, audio and video. Since inserted images can be hyperlinked to specific pages, students could create interactive stories. Jonathan Wylie ( @jonathanwylie ) describes a similar approach in his blog using a combination of Google Forms and Google Presentations. Either one of these options encourages students to identify significant moments from a book and illustrate their relative impact on the overall plot.

Illustrated Character Analysis

Atticus Finch tells Scout in To Kill a Mockingbird , "You never really understand a person until you consider things from his point of view -- until you climb into his skin and walk around in it." In order to see whether or not your students truly comprehend the characters, encourage them to create a new scene and put those characters in the middle of it -- to take a walk in their shoes.

Storybird allows students to choose from hundreds of illustrations in order to create their own stories. As illustrated by Cybenglish , students could show their understanding of characters by placing them in new scenes in order to reveal their motivations.

Augmented Reality Author Studies

When my eighth graders read Night , they also conducted historical research into the life of Elie Wiesel to better understand the context of the book as well as the author's account. These studies turned into small research papers to which my students had hardly any personal connection beyond having completed an academic task.

On the other hand, Elissa Malespina ( @SOMSLibrary ) constructed a completely different experience for her students. At the culmination of their author study, her students created Animoto videos which they then turned into "auras" with Aurasma , an augmented reality app. To do this, students created trigger images representing either the author or a character from the book, which their classmates scanned in order to watch the videos. In the end, not only did these students articulate the relationships between the authors and the stories, constructing an immersive experience for the rest of the class, but they also contributed their knowledge to a broader community.

Vision of an Engaged Middle School Reader

How many middle school readers have you seen who look as engaged as the children in this picture?

If the true learning objective is to ignite a student's passion for literature and provide an opportunity to demonstrate understanding through a variety of modalities, then maybe it's time to move beyond the book report.

STEM Career Research Project for Middle School

• December 18, 2022
• Engineering , STEM
• Career Exploration , Engaging Lessons , Real World Connections

How do you inspire future scientists and engineers? Do your students know what careers are STEM careers and what it means to have a career in STEM? You can answer these questions and more with this multi-day STEM career project !

STEM Career Research Project

In this project, students will choose an engineering career to research. They will discover the job roles and responsibilities, possible work environments, education requirements, average salaries, helpful skills and traits, and projected job growth in that field. Then students will imagine a company that is looking to hire a person in that career field. They’ll examine real-world job postings and then design and create a “help wanted” poster for their chosen career. Next, students will present their work and learn about other careers in a gallery walk activity. Finally, they’ll complete an independent reflection activity.

This STEM career research project is independent and low-prep. Grab this resource today! You will save your prep time, and know your students will be engaged and inspired while learning about STEM careers.

What’s included in the STEM Careers Research Project?

This no-prep project includes everything you need for 3-5 days of engaging STEM activities, including: 

• Printable PDF, Google, and Easel versions of the student activities and worksheets
• A webquest that guides students to choose and research a STEM career
• Detailed guidelines and  templates for the “Help Wanted” job advertisement project
• A graphic organizer for capturing student learning during the Gallery Walk activity
• An independent reflection worksheet to be completed at the end of the project
• Embedded links to quality background research websites
• Detailed teacher notes for easy facilitation
• An easy-to-use grading rubric

What materials do you need?

You only need to provide printed or digital copies of the student worksheets and devices with internet access for research. 

How can you use the STEM career project in your classroom?

You can use the research project as a week-long study of STEM careers. You will open your students’ eyes to career options that they may have never before considered. This is a great introductory activity for your STEM class, and it can be used to celebrate National Engineering Week in February.

This STEM career project is also perfect for giving yourself a bit of a break when you are feeling burnt out or feeling frustrated with challenging student behaviors. For example, you could use the project to keep students engaged before a school holiday. You can also use the project to keep students learning when you have unusual schedules or low attendance due to field trips, testing, assemblies, or other interruptions. Or, you can leave the low-prep project as a multi-day STEM sub plan.

Looking for other STEM Career activities?

If you’d like more ideas for inspiring your students and teaching them about STEM careers, check out this blog post on exploring STEM careers !

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Library Research Skill: Student Note-taking Worksheet with Prompts for Citation

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Do your students struggle with citation and note-taking during library research assignments? Give them this time-saving guide for short or long research assignments in any subject area!

The Student Research Note-taking Worksheet is a graphic organizer with prompts for a single source citation and taking 3 different kinds of notes from that resource.

• The first section guides them to record the bibliographic citation for the resource.
• The next two sections allow space to record quotations and to paraphrase select information
• The bottom section prompts them to summarize source information.

This 2-sided PDF document can be printed and copied on one side for a single resource, or on both sides for 2 different research sources. For more extensive sources, both sides can be used for a single research source. A How-to-Use-This-Product sheet is included.

This worksheet is also part of the No Sweat Library Student Research Worksheets Bundle .

This worksheet is also part of the No Sweat Academic Honesty lesson on C opyright, Fair Use, and Note-taking . To learn more about my Academic Honesty lessons, please read my blog post: Teaching Academic Honesty in the School Library .

© Barbara Paciotti, No Sweat Library

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The STEM Ecosystem Research Practice Partnership (RPP) was a multi-year initiative that funded a Research-Practice Partnership (RPP) between University of North Carolina at Charlotte and Northridge Middle School. The middle school partner was chosen because of its high populations of students from historically marginalized groups with the specific purpose of addressing and researching the challenge of broadening participation in computer science. The overarching goals were to provide equitable access to students in computing, to prepare middle school students for computing curriculum in high school, to develop and test effective Computer Science/Computational Thinking (CS/CT) modules that integrate into existing math and science curricula, and to investigate CS/CT-focused STEM ecosystem to which all students have access. The intellectual merit of this project is the evolution of the STEM eco-system model based on the partnership that highlights changes in barriers to access to computational thinking and computer science knowledge for historically marginalized groups in Northridge Middle School. The broader impacts are integral to the intellectual merit in providing opportunities for these students to be exposed to computer science topics that will prepare them for high school and potentially open doors for careers in STEM. The broader impacts include teacher developed lesson plans that integrate computation thinking is subjects including and beyond math and science such as English and arts.

Last Modified: 03/15/2023 Modified by: Mary Lou Maher

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a Inclusion criteria were attendance in the summer camp and consumption of the prepared lunch. Children were excluded (not counted) if they lacked written parental consent, brought their own lunch, or otherwise refused to eat the lunch at camp.

b Children were counted if they participated in both the 10-minute and 20-minute lunch conditions for the same menu. For the overall category, children had to have at least 1 occurrence of a paired 10-minute and 20-minute lunch for 1 of the 5 menus.

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Burg X , Metcalfe JJ , Ellison B , Prescott MP. Effects of Longer Seated Lunch Time on Food Consumption and Waste in Elementary and Middle School–age Children : A Randomized Clinical Trial . JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(6):e2114148. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14148

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Effects of Longer Seated Lunch Time on Food Consumption and Waste in Elementary and Middle School–age Children : A Randomized Clinical Trial

• 1 Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana
• 2 Department of Agricultural and Consumer Economics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana

Question   What is the effect of longer seated lunch time on children’s consumption and waste of lunches that were prepared according to the National School Lunch Program nutrition standards?

Findings   In this crossover trial of 241 lunch observations from 38 children, 20 minutes of seated lunch time were associated with significantly more consumption and significantly less waste of fruits and vegetables compared with 10 minutes of seated lunch time. Entree and beverage consumption was not significantly different between the 10-minute and 20-minute seated lunch conditions.

Meaning   Results from this study support policies that require 20 minutes of seated lunch time for school-age children, which could lead to better diet quality and reduced food waste.

Importance   Health experts recommend at least 20 minutes of seated lunch time for children, but no federal policy for lunch period duration exists in the United States. Additional strategies in the National School Lunch Program for mitigating food waste are needed to maintain the viability of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act.

Objective   To assess the effect of a longer seated lunch time on food consumption and waste among elementary and middle school–age children.

Design, Setting, and Participants   This randomized within-participant crossover trial was conducted from June 3 to June 28, 2019, for a total of 20 study days. All attendees of a summer camp held at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, were invited to participate in the study. Participants were elementary and middle school–age children and were provided every study day with lunch prepared according to the National School Lunch Program nutrition standards.

Intervention   Five menus were served throughout the study. A 20-minute or 10-minute seated lunch condition was randomly assigned to each day within the 5 menus.

Main Outcomes and Measures   The primary outcomes were food consumption, waste, and dietary intake, which were analyzed separately for each meal component (fruit, vegetable, entree [protein plus grain], beverage [both milk and water], and milk alone). Dietary intake was assessed for calories, fat, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium. Participant behaviors were observed during the meal, including seated time as well as level of talking and phone use.

Results   A total of 38 children with 241 lunch trays were observed. The 38 children had a mean (SD) age of 11.86 (1.23) years and 23 were female participants (61%); 30 had a non-Hispanic/non-Latino ethnicity (79%) and 23 were White individuals (61%). During 10 minutes of seated lunch time, participants consumed significantly less fruit (−11.3 percentage points; 95% CI, −18.1 to −4.5) and vegetables (−14.1 percentage points; 95% CI, −22.7 to −5.7) compared with 20 minutes of seated lunch time. Entree and beverage consumption and waste did not differ between the 10-minute and 20-minute seated lunch conditions. Participants also consumed significantly more and wasted significantly less calories (−22.03 kcal; 95% CI, −39.47 to −4.61 kcal), carbohydrates (−3.81 g; 95% CI, −6.20 to −1.42 g), dietary fiber (−0.51 g; 95% CI, −0.81 to −0.19 g), protein (−1.11 g; 95% CI, −2.17 to −0.04 g), iron (−0.20 mg; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.02 mg), and potassium (−53.49 mg; 95% CI, −84.67 to −22.32 mg) during the 20-minute seated lunch condition.

Conclusions and Relevance   This study found that fruit and vegetable consumption increased in school-age children during a 20-minute seated lunch condition. This finding supports policies that require children to receive at least 20 minutes of seated lunch time; such policies could have favorable implications for children’s dietary intake and food waste.

Trial Registration   ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04191291

In the US, studies found that 18.5% of children were obese 1 and most children 9 years or older did not meet the recommended vegetable or fruit intake. 2 In addition, fiber, calcium, potassium, and vitamins A, D, E, and C were reported to be underconsumed nutrients in the US population. 3 The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) reaches 29.6 million children annually 4 and ensures access to foods that can address common nutrient shortfalls. Previous research demonstrated the potential of strong NSLP nutrition standards to reduce childhood obesity among vulnerable youth. 5 The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 strengthened the nutritional requirements for school meals, providing an opportunity for the NSLP to address childhood obesity and promote health equity across the US. 6

Multiple studies have found either no substantial change or decreased food waste after the implementation of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act. 7 , 8 Yet, the nutritional requirements for milk, whole grains, and sodium were weakened in 2018, citing concerns about waste. 9 Given that food waste has been a long-standing unintended consequence of the NSLP that predates the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act, 10 other factors associated with NSLP food waste, such as the amount of time children have to eat, should be considered.

The American Academy of Pediatrics and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend that children have at least 20 minutes of seated lunch time, which refers to the amount of time a child can spend eating after sitting down with their meal. 11 , 12 Previous research has estimated that a 30-minute lunch period provides enough additional time for traveling and waiting in line to achieve 20 minutes of seated time. 13 , 14 In 2016, only half of all US school districts required or recommended 20 minutes of seated lunch time. 15

The association between seated lunch time and child eating behaviors has been examined using observational study designs. Cohen et al 16 found that children with less than 20 minutes to eat consumed less of their entree, milk, and vegetable items compared with children who had 25 minutes or more time. Bergman et al 17 found similar results: 30-minute lunch periods were associated with greater overall food consumption compared with 20-minute periods, decreasing food waste from 43% to 27%. However, these studies did not control for the inherent variation in personal food preferences across different lunch menus. Furthermore, children’s social behaviors and mobile phone use may be associated with the amount of food consumed during lunch.

The current crossover trial aimed to assess the effect of a longer seated lunch time on food consumption and waste among elementary and middle school–age children. We conducted this study in a controlled setting that simulated school cafeterias serving NSLP menus.

The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol. Children provided written assent, and their parents provided written consent for participation. We followed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials ( CONSORT ) reporting guideline.

This randomized within-participant crossover trial assessed eating behaviors during varying lengths of seated lunch time in children, age 8 to 14 years, who attended a summer camp at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The study took place over 4 consecutive weeks, from June 3 to June 28, 2019, for a total of 20 study days. Children received a free lunch each day that met the NSLP nutrition standards. Five menus were served throughout the study to provide variety, with each menu occurring 4 times over the course of the 20-day trial. We randomly assigned a 10-minute or 20-minute seated lunch condition to each menu, resulting in each menu being served exactly 2 times for both 10-minute and 20-minute seated lunch conditions ( Supplement 1 ).

We invited all summer camp attendees to participate in the study. Parents who consented to their children’s participation provided demographic information, including race/ethnicity, using options that we provided (ie, Hispanic/Latino, Non-Hispanic/non-Latino, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander, or Other). Race/ethnicity information was collected to understand how representative the study sample was compared with children who consumed NSLP meals during the regular school year. Inclusion criteria were summer camp attendance and consumption of the provided lunch. The summer camp had a separate enrollment with participation that varied each week. Children could enroll for multiple weeks of camp.

Research staff prepared lunch in a commercial kitchen and preportioned servings ahead of participant food selection using standard-sized serving utensils. Each food item’s reference weight was measured before lunch.

Using an offer vs serve format, the staff served those items that children verbally requested. Water and milk (1% plain and 1% chocolate) were the only 2 drink options available. To ensure that NSLP reimbursable meal requirements were met, the staff took a photograph to record each participant’s food selection when they left the lunch line. 18 Seated lunch time officially began when the last child exited the line and sat down at the table. The staff announced and posted on a sign the exact time that lunch would end and made an additional announcement 5 minutes before the lunch was scheduled to end. Children were not allowed to request additional food items (ie, no second serving) during lunch but did have access to unlimited cups of water.

Research staff collected observational data on the time the child sat down to eat, additional times the child stood up during lunch, social interactions the child had with other children during lunch, and time the child stood up at the end of lunch. Staff collected these data while sitting at separate tables that were interspersed among participant tables and ate the same lunch food to make observation less noticeable.

The independent variable, amount of seated lunch time, was assessed in 2 ways. The first measure was a categorical variable representing the randomly assigned length of seated lunch time: 10 or 20 minutes. This measure was a real-world indicator of seated lunch times, knowing that some children may have had more or less than the target 10 or 20 minutes because of other factors such as being late or using the restroom. The second measure was a continuous variable for the number of minutes a child was seated. Seated lunch time was calculated by subtracting the time a participant stood up at the end of lunch from the time a participant sat down at the beginning of lunch to the nearest second, as recorded by the designated staff observer. Any time that a participant left their seat was documented and subtracted from the recorded seated time. This measure was a more precise way to measure seated lunch time, accounting for the variability in the actual amount of time a participant was seated. Interrater reliability assessed from multiple observers for the same participant showed excellent agreement 19 for the length of lunch time (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC], 0.998; 95% CI, 0.997-0.999) and nonseated lunch time (ICC, 0.954; 95% CI, 0.888-0.979).

The primary outcomes were food consumption and waste by meal component: entree, fruit, vegetable, beverage (both milk and water), and milk alone. At the end of lunch, research staff weighed the items left on each food tray to the nearest 0.5 grams. Remaining beverage items were measured to the nearest 0.5 millilters using a graduated cylinder. Nutrition Data System for Research software, version 2018 (Nutrition Coordinating Center, University of Minnesota), was used to calculate the calories, total fat, carbohydrates, dietary fiber, protein, vitamin D, calcium, iron, and potassium of each item. 20 - 22

Research staff rated each participant’s level of talking (ICC, 0.954; 95% CI, 0.932-0.967) and phone use (ICC, 0.967; 95% CI, 0.954-0.976) on a scale of 0 to 5 during the first 5 minutes (10-minute condition) or 15 minutes (20-minute condition) and the last 5 minutes of lunch. The scale for these behaviors was as follows: 0 indicated no talking or phone use; 1, minimal talking or phone use; 2, talking or phone use about 25% of the time; 3, talking or phone use about 50% of the time; 4, talking or phone use about 75% of the time; and 5, almost constant talking or phone use. An overall mean rating for both talking and phone use was calculated using ratings during the first part of lunch and during the last 5 minutes of lunch.

After lunch concluded, each participant completed a 2-question survey to rate how their lunch looked and tasted. Participants used a rating scale with 5 options ranging from “I really didn’t like it” to “I really liked it.” Responses were coded between 1 and 5, with 5 indicating the highest level and 1 the lowest level of liking the look and taste of the food.

Statistical analyses were conducted with R, version 3.6.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing), and the lme4, lmerTest, and emmeans packages. 23 - 26 Two-tailed hypothesis tests and a threshold of 2-sided P  < .05 for statistical significance were used. The study sample was recruited from a fixed population of children who attended summer camp. Mixed-effects linear regression models assessed all continuous outcome measures and included a random effect for participants to control for repeated measures ( Supplement 1 ). All models included fixed effects for menu (5 levels), previous menu exposure to control for past participation (4 levels), mean talking rating (continuous), and mean phone use rating (continuous). Models that assessed the amount wasted, nutrients consumed, and nutrients wasted included an additional fixed effect for reference weight or reference nutrient to control for the variability of available food or nutrients preconsumption.

The 2 primary outcomes, food consumption and waste, were assessed individually across 5 meal components using the 2 measures of seated lunch time. The categorical condition models assessed the estimated marginal means of each condition and the contrast (10 minutes minus 20 minutes). Models that used continuous seated lunch time assessed the β coefficient and can be interpreted as the change in outcome for a 1-minute increase in seated lunch time. Nutrient models assessed the nutrients found in a participant’s total meal and used only the categorical measure of seated time.

Throughout the study, 38 of the 53 children who were assessed for eligibility (72%) participated in 1 or more study days ( Figure ). A total of 241 food trays were collected from 38 children, who participated for a mean number of 6 study days ( Figure ). The 38 children had a mean (SD) age of 11.86 (1.23) years; 23 were female (61%) and 15 were male (39%) participants, 30 had a non-Hispanic/non-Latino ethnicity (79%), and 23 were White individuals (61%) ( Table 1 ).

A total of 34 children (89%) had at least 1 pair of 10-minute and 20-minute seated lunch observations for 1 of the 5 menus. Of the 241 trays, 166 (69%) represented pairs of observations that had at least 1 occurrence of both 10-minute and 20-minute conditions for a menu ( Figure ). About half of the trays (126 [52%]) were from the 10-minute condition. The mean (SD) duration of lunch on days with a 10-minute condition was 11.76 (1.62) minutes, and the mean (SD) duration of lunch on days with a 20-minute condition was 21.59 (1.79) minutes.

Participants left their table for a mean (SD) time of 0.66 (0.66) minutes and had a mean (SD) rating of 3.03 (1.54) for talking and 0.42 (1.10) for phone use during lunch. Participants had higher mean (SD) talking ratings during the 20-minute vs 10-minute seated lunch condition (3.56 [1.46] vs 2.56 [1.45]; P  < .001). The mean (SD) phone use ratings did not differ by the 20-minute vs 10-minute condition (0.47 [1.15] vs 0.38 [1.06]; P  = .51). In general, participants had similar mean (SD) ratings for how their lunch looked for both the 20-minute and 10-minute conditions (4.11 [0.84] vs 4.12 [0.83]; P  = .95) and for how their lunch tasted for both the 20-minute and 10-minute conditions (4.27 [0.96] vs 4.20 [0.88]; P  = .56), and those ratings did not differ by seated lunch time.

Overall, participant selection of meal components was high. Of the 241 trays the participants selected, 241 trays (100%) contained an entree, 232 (96%) contained a fruit, 210 (87%) contained a vegetable, 238 (99%) contained a beverage (water or milk), and 124 (51%) contained milk. Selection did not differ between the 10-minute or 20-minute condition.

During the 10-minute seated lunch condition, participants consumed significantly less and wasted significantly more fruits and vegetables. Participants consumed 11.3 (95% CI, −18.1 to −4.5) percentage points less fruit and 14.1 (95% CI, −22.7 to −5.7) percentage points less vegetables in the 10-minute than the 20-minute lunch ( Table 2 ). This reduced consumption translated to participants wasting 9.61 (95% CI, 3.62-15.60) more grams of fruit and 8.79 (95% CI, 2.51-15.07) more grams of vegetables during the 10 minutes of seated time compared with 20 minutes. A similar pattern was observed when accounting for seated lunch time in minutes ( Table 3 ). For every 1-minute increase in seated lunch time, participants consumed 1.240 (95% CI, 0.569-1.915) percentage points more of their fruit and 1.685 (95% CI, 0.870-2.502) percentage points more of their vegetable. Consumption and waste of entree, beverage, and milk did not differ by seated time.

Participants consumed significantly more and wasted significantly less calories (−22.03 kcal; 95% CI, −39.47 to −4.61 kcal), carbohydrates (−3.81 g; 95% CI, −6.20 to −1.42 g), dietary fiber (−0.51 g; 95% CI, −0.81 to −0.19 g), protein (−1.11 g; 95% CI, −2.17 to −0.04 g), iron (−0.20 mg; 95% CI, −0.38 to −0.02 mg), and potassium (−53.49 mg; 95% CI, −84.67 to −22.32 mg) during the 20 minutes, compared with 10 minutes, of seated time ( Table 4 ). No difference was observed in the amount of total fat, vitamin D, and calcium consumed or wasted between the 2 seated lunch conditions. Results of a sensitivity analysis that was restricted to only the 166 tray observations matched to a 10-minute and a 20-minute lunch condition for a menu revealed no differences in conclusions drawn from the full sample.

In this crossover trial, participants consumed significantly more fruit and vegetables during days with 20 minutes of seated lunch time compared with 10 minutes, whereas no difference was observed in consumption of entrees or beverages. These findings suggest that a shorter seated lunch time differentially affects the rate of fruit and vegetable consumption compared with entrees and beverages. These results also support policies that require 20 minutes of seated lunch time, which could improve diet quality and reduce food waste in children. However, the results also demonstrate the benefit of increasing seated lunch time, even if that time does not meet the recommendations. To our knowledge, this trial was the first to assess the association between seated lunch time constraints and child eating behaviors in a controlled setting using within-person comparisons of food consumption and waste while accounting for the role of social interactions and varying menu items.

In this study, increased vegetable consumption, the meal component least likely to be consumed, occurred during longer lunch times. This finding underscores the need for school meal environments that facilitate protected time for eating vegetables. In a crossover study, Redden et al 27 concluded that elementary schoolchildren consumed more vegetables when they were offered in a small cup before moving through the lunch line. In another crossover study, Zellner and Cobuzzi 28 offered fruit only at the end of school lunch instead of during the meal and found that 100% of children at least tried vegetables when fruit was held until later compared with only 40% of children when fruit was not withheld. These 2 previous trials and the current study suggest that children may need protected time to be able to try or consume vegetables.

The results from this study are similar to those from previous observational studies on time for lunch and food consumption. Bergman et al 17 found that overall food consumption increased with longer lunch periods, and Cohen et al 16 found that vegetable, entree, and milk (but not fruit) consumption increased with longer lunch time. However, the current study found higher consumption for fruit and vegetable meal components only. The sample in the Cohen et al 16 study had a comparable age to that of the participants in the current crossover trial; however, participants in the Cohen et al 16 study were more ethnically diverse (87.6% had Hispanic ethnicity) and had a higher percentage of eligibility for free or reduced-price lunches (88%-94% eligibility).

We compared within-person outcomes, but different responses to the effect of seated lunch time are likely depending on participants’ characteristics. For example, school lunch time constraints are likely to have implications for young children. Fine motor skills, which develop progressively as children get older, are required for self-feeding. 29 , 30 Many children are able to feed themselves independently by the time they enter elementary school but have not yet had enough practice to fully master these skills. Thus, younger children may require more time to eat until they further develop self-feeding skills. Because the current study had only 1 participant who was not yet in the third grade, the estimated effect of time constraints on overall lunch consumption may be conservative.

Although statistically significant, the increased vegetable and fruit consumption that occurred during the longer seated lunch condition must also be considered for its practical importance. Consumption of 9.61 more grams of fruit and 8.79 more grams of vegetables may seem like small increases, but these increases in intake suggest that longer seated lunch times improve opportunities for children to try fruits and vegetables. Evidence has shown that repeated tastings are an important step toward food acceptance. 31

We believe that the current study provides new insights into noneating lunch-time behaviors. Mobile phone use estimates were lower than the estimated time spent talking with other children. Significantly fewer social interactions were observed during the 10-minute seated lunch condition. This finding suggests that longer seated lunch time may present opportunities for children to connect with their peers, which they may not receive during the school day.

This study, along with previous observational studies 16 , 17 and evidence that the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act has not increased food waste, 7 , 8 suggests that the emphasis for mitigating NSLP food waste should be on other system factors, such as seated lunch time. A standardized policy is needed to ensure that all school-age children get the recommended 20 minutes of seated lunch time. Given the expansive reach of the NSLP, establishing systemic policies around seated lunch time could have important public health implications for school-age children. More research is needed to ascertain whether increased time to eat improves children’s fruit and vegetable consumption at home. Further study is also warranted to examine the effect of seated lunch time constraints on children in kindergarten to second grade and on children from diverse racial/ethnic groups, preferably in a school setting.

This study has several limitations. Summer camp attendance was lower on Thursdays and Fridays, allowing less study participation on those days. Because of logistics, we used only 1 sequence of menus and seated lunch conditions. Randomizing participants to multiple sequences would have allowed for a more traditional crossover study that, by design, controlled for additional effects from the menu and condition schedule. In addition, the logistics of 1 sequence of menus and lunch conditions paired with the convenience sample meant that not every participant had both 10-minute and 20-minute lunch conditions for each of the 5 menus. However, congruent results from the sensitivity analysis that was restricted to observations matched within menus indicated that this limitation likely did not affect the overall conclusions. The findings may not be generalizable to external populations because the sample had limited racial and ethnic diversity, and the data were not collected in an actual school. Although the sample size (38 children and 241 lunch observations) was smaller than the sample sizes in most school-based research, the study’s within-participant design was more efficient than traditional randomized clinical trials. 32 The sample size of the current study was appropriate for the study design and was adequately powered to detect significant differences in fruit and vegetable consumption.

This crossover trial provides evidence that a 20-minute seated lunch time is associated with increased fruit and vegetable consumption and decreased waste during lunch in school-age children. These results support a 20-minute seated lunch policy, which could improve diet quality and reduce food waste in children.

Accepted for Publication: April 20, 2021.

Published: June 22, 2021. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.14148

Open Access: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the CC-BY License . © 2021 Burg X et al. JAMA Network Open .

Corresponding Author: Melissa Pflugh Prescott, PhD, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 S Goodwin Ave, 539 Bevier Hall, M/C 182, Urbana, IL 61801 ( [email protected] ).

Author Contributions: Ms Burg and Dr Prescott had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.

Concept and design: Metcalfe, Ellison, Prescott.

Acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data: All authors.

Drafting of the manuscript: Burg, Metcalfe, Prescott.

Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors.

Statistical analysis: Burg, Metcalfe.

Obtained funding: Ellison, Prescott.

Administrative, technical, or material support: Metcalfe, Prescott.

Supervision: Metcalfe, Ellison, Prescott.

Conflict of Interest Disclosures: None reported.

Funding/Support: This research was supported by Hatch Project ILLU-698-315 from the US Department of Agriculture.

Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The funder had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication.

Data Sharing Statement : See Supplement 2 .

Additional Contributions: We thank the following people for their contributions to this study: Elise Boyer, MS, RDN, Champaign Unit 4 School District; Jonathan Davidson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Laura Dees, MS, RDN, Champaign Unit 4 School District; Carter Phillips, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ariana Traill, PhD, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; the 18 undergraduate and graduate student researchers who participated in menu development, food preparation and service, data collection, and data entry; and Elizabeth Gutierrez, BS, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who formatted the references. These individuals received no additional compensation, outside of their usual salary, for their contributions.

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Parents play a role in leading boys and girls down different paths of study

Carlana, Michela, and Lucia Corno. " Thinking about Parents: Gender and Field of Study ."  AEA Papers and Proceedings  114 (May 2024).

Faculty Authors

Michela Carlana

What’s the issue.

Globally, fewer girls pursue science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields than boys, while boys are less likely to go into the humanities. This gender divide leads to women being underrepresented in STEM careers and men underrepresented in areas like the humanities and education.

What does the research say?

HKS Assistant Professor of Public Policy Michela Carlana and Lucia Corno from Cattolica University in Italy studied 2000 middle school students to examine the role of parents in encouraging gender-stereotyped academic paths.

They found that parents nudged equally able children down different paths. Girls felt their parents supported them less in pursuing math, and boys felt less supported in pursuing literature—and even thinking of parents’ expectations influenced children’s choices. This effect was strongest when the parent’s gender was the same as the child’s.

• Mothers had more influence over girls choosing literature, and fathers over boys choosing math. The girls in the study were 33% more likely to think they were better in literature when they expected their mothers to recommend it.
• Likewise, the boys felt 15% more likely to believe they were better in math when they expected their fathers to recommend it.

The results suggest parents play a key role in shaping children’s confidence and their own perception of their ability in different fields and that stereotyped recommendations lead boys and girls down different paths. The authors say that raising parents’ awareness of the impact of gender stereotypes on their children’s choices may help address gender disparities.

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Juan saavedra: how to get more children into schools—and fight poverty in the process, an hks seminar series looks at the issues facing today’s school boards., ron ferguson & tatsha robertson’s “the formula”.

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