introduction to business research methods

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Home Market Research

Business Research: Methods, Types & Examples

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Business research: Definition

Quantitative research methods, qualitative research methods, advantages of business research, disadvantages of business research, importance of business research.

Business research is a process of acquiring detailed information on all the areas of business and using such information to maximize the sales and profit of the business. Such a study helps companies determine which product/service is most profitable or in demand. In simple words, it can be stated as the acquisition of information or knowledge for professional or commercial purposes to determine opportunities and goals for a business.

Business research can be done for anything and everything. In general, when people speak about business research design , it means asking research questions to know where the money can be spent to increase sales, profits, or market share. Such research is critical to make wise and informed decisions.

LEARN ABOUT: Research Process Steps

For example: A mobile company wants to launch a new model in the market. But they are not aware of what are the dimensions of a mobile that are in most demand. Hence, the company conducts business research using various methods to gather information, and the same is then evaluated, and conclusions are drawn as to what dimensions are most in demand.

This will enable the researcher to make wise decisions to position his phone at the right price in the market and hence acquire a larger market share.

LEARN ABOUT:  Test Market Demand

Business research: Types and methodologies

Business research is a part of the business intelligence process. It is usually conducted to determine whether a company can succeed in a new region, to understand its competitors, or simply select a marketing approach for a product. This research can be carried out using steps in qualitative research methods or quantitative research methods.

Quantitative research methods are research methods that deal with numbers. It is a systematic empirical investigation using statistical, mathematical, or computational techniques . Such methods usually start with data collection and then proceed to statistical analysis using various methods. The following are some of the research methods used to carry out business research.

LEARN ABOUT: Data Management Framework

Survey research

Survey research is one of the most widely used methods to gather data, especially for conducting business research. Surveys involve asking various survey questions to a set of audiences through various types like online polls, online surveys, questionnaires, etc. Nowadays, most of the major corporations use this method to gather data and use it to understand the market and make appropriate business decisions.

Various types of surveys, like cross-sectional studies , which need to collect data from a set of audiences at a given point of time, or longitudinal surveys which are needed to collect data from a set of audiences across various time durations in order to understand changes in the respondents’ behavior are used to conduct survey research. With the advancement in technology, surveys can now be sent online through email or social media .

For example: A company wants to know the NPS score for their website i.e. how satisfied are people who are visiting their website. An increase in traffic to their website or the audience spending more time on a website can result in higher rankings on search engines which will enable the company to get more leads as well as increase its visibility.

Hence, the company can ask people who visit their website a few questions through an online survey to understand their opinions or gain feedback and hence make appropriate changes to the website to increase satisfaction.

Learn More:  Business Survey Template

Correlational research

Correlational research is conducted to understand the relationship between two entities and what impact each one of them has on the other. Using mathematical analysis methods, correlational research enables the researcher to correlate two or more variables .

Such research can help understand patterns, relationships, trends, etc. Manipulation of one variable is possible to get the desired results as well. Generally, a conclusion cannot be drawn only on the basis of correlational research.

For example: Research can be conducted to understand the relationship between colors and gender-based audiences. Using such research and identifying the target audience, a company can choose the production of particular color products to be released in the market. This can enable the company to understand the supply and demand requirements of its products.

Causal-Comparative research

Causal-comparative research is a method based on the comparison. It is used to deduce the cause-effect relationship between variables. Sometimes also known as quasi-experimental research, it involves establishing an independent variable and analyzing the effects on the dependent variable.

In such research, data manipulation is not done; however, changes are observed in the variables or groups under the influence of the same changes. Drawing conclusions through such research is a little tricky as independent and dependent variables will always exist in a group. Hence all other parameters have to be taken into consideration before drawing any inferences from the research.

LEARN ABOUT: Causal Research

For example: Research can be conducted to analyze the effect of good educational facilities in rural areas. Such a study can be done to analyze the changes in the group of people from rural areas when they are provided with good educational facilities and before that.

Another example can be to analyze the effect of having dams and how it will affect the farmers or the production of crops in that area.

LEARN ABOUT: Market research trends

Experimental research

Experimental research is based on trying to prove a theory. Such research may be useful in business research as it can let the product company know some behavioral traits of its consumers, which can lead to more revenue. In this method, an experiment is carried out on a set of audiences to observe and later analyze their behavior when impacted by certain parameters.

LEARN ABOUT: Behavioral Targeting

For example: Experimental research was conducted recently to understand if particular colors have an effect on consumers’ hunger. A set of the audience was then exposed to those particular colors while they were eating, and the subjects were observed. It was seen that certain colors like red or yellow increase hunger.

Hence, such research was a boon to the hospitality industry. You can see many food chains like Mcdonalds, KFC, etc., using such colors in their interiors, brands, as well as packaging.

Another example of inferences drawn from experimental research, which is used widely by most bars/pubs across the world, is that loud music in the workplace or anywhere makes a person drink more in less time. This was proven through experimental research and was a key finding for many business owners across the globe.

Online research / Literature research

Literature research is one of the oldest methods available. It is very economical, and a lot of information can be gathered using such research. Online research or literature research involves gathering information from existing documents and studies, which can be available at Libraries, annual reports, etc.

Nowadays, with the advancement in technology, such research has become even more simple and accessible to everyone. An individual can directly research online for any information that is needed, which will give him in-depth information about the topic or the organization.

Such research is used mostly by marketing and salespeople in the business sector to understand the market or their customers. Such research is carried out using existing information that is available from various sources. However, care has to be taken to validate the sources from where the information is going to be collected.

For example , a salesperson has heard a particular firm is looking for some solution that their company provides. Hence, the salesperson will first search for a decision maker from the company, investigate what department he is from, and understand what the target company is looking for and what they are into.

Using this research, he can cater his solution to be spot on when he pitches it to this client. He can also reach out to the customer directly by finding a means to communicate with him by researching online.’

LEARN ABOUT: 12 Best Tools for Researchers

Qualitative research is a method that has a high importance in business research. Qualitative research involves obtaining data through open-ended conversational means of communication. Such research enables the researcher to not only understand what the audience thinks but also why he thinks it.

In such research, in-depth information can be gathered from the subjects depending on their responses. There are various types of qualitative research methods, such as interviews, focus groups, ethnographic research, content analysis, and case study research, that are widely used.

Such methods are of very high importance in business research as they enable the researcher to understand the consumer. What motivates the consumer to buy and what does not is what will lead to higher sales, and that is the prime objective for any business.

Following are a few methods that are widely used in today’s world by most businesses.

Interviews are somewhat similar to surveys, like sometimes they may have the same types of questions used. The difference is that the respondent can answer these open-ended questions at length, and the direction of the conversation or the questions being asked can be changed depending on the response of the subject.

Such a method usually gives the researcher detailed information about the perspective or opinions of its subject. Carrying out interviews with subject matter experts can also give important information critical to some businesses.

For example: An interview was conducted by a telecom manufacturer with a group of women to understand why they have less number of female customers. After interviewing them, the researcher understood that there were fewer feminine colors in some of the models, and females preferred not to purchase them.

Such information can be critical to a business such as a  telecom manufacturer and hence it can be used to increase its market share by targeting women customers by launching some feminine colors in the market.

Another example would be to interview a subject matter expert in social media marketing. Such an interview can enable a researcher to understand why certain types of social media advertising strategies work for a company and why some of them don’t.

LEARN ABOUT: Qualitative Interview

Focus groups

Focus groups are a set of individuals selected specifically to understand their opinions and behaviors. It is usually a small set of a group that is selected keeping in mind the parameters for their target market audience to discuss a particular product or service. Such a method enables a researcher with a larger sample than the interview or a case study while taking advantage of conversational communication.

Focus group is also one of the best examples of qualitative data in education . Nowadays, focus groups can be sent online surveys as well to collect data and answer why, what, and how questions. Such a method is very crucial to test new concepts or products before they are launched in the market.

For example: Research is conducted with a focus group to understand what dimension of screen size is preferred most by the current target market. Such a method can enable a researcher to dig deeper if the target market focuses more on the screen size, features, or colors of the phone. Using this data, a company can make wise decisions about its product line and secure a higher market share.

Ethnographic research

Ethnographic research is one of the most challenging research but can give extremely precise results. Such research is used quite rarely, as it is time-consuming and can be expensive as well. It involves the researcher adapting to the natural environment and observing its target audience to collect data. Such a method is generally used to understand cultures, challenges, or other things that can occur in that particular setting.

For example: The world-renowned show “Undercover Boss” would be an apt example of how ethnographic research can be used in businesses. In this show, the senior management of a large organization works in his own company as a regular employee to understand what improvements can be made, what is the culture in the organization, and to identify hard-working employees and reward them.

It can be seen that the researcher had to spend a good amount of time in the natural setting of the employees and adapt to their ways and processes. While observing in this setting, the researcher could find out the information he needed firsthand without losing any information or any bias and improve certain things that would impact his business.

LEARN ABOUT:   Workforce Planning Model

Case study research

Case study research is one of the most important in business research. It is also used as marketing collateral by most businesses to land up more clients. Case study research is conducted to assess customer satisfaction and document the challenges that were faced and the solutions that the firm gave them.

These inferences are made to point out the benefits that the customer enjoyed for choosing their specific firm. Such research is widely used in other fields like education, social sciences, and similar. Case studies are provided by businesses to new clients to showcase their capabilities, and hence such research plays a crucial role in the business sector.

For example: A services company has provided a testing solution to one of its clients. A case study research is conducted to find out what were the challenges faced during the project, what was the scope of their work, what objective was to be achieved, and what solutions were given to tackle the challenges.

The study can end with the benefits that the company provided through its solutions, like reduced time to test batches, easy implementation or integration of the system, or even cost reduction. Such a study showcases the capability of the company, and hence it can be stated as empirical evidence of the new prospect.

Website visitor profiling/research

Website intercept surveys or website visitor profiling/research is something new that has come up and is quite helpful in the business sector. It is an innovative approach to collect direct feedback from your website visitors using surveys. In recent times a lot of business generation happens online, and hence it is important to understand the visitors of your website as they are your potential customers.

Collecting feedback is critical to any business, as without understanding a customer, no business can be successful. A company has to keep its customers satisfied and try to make them loyal customers in order to stay on top.

A website intercept survey is an online survey that allows you to target visitors to understand their intent and collect feedback to evaluate the customers’ online experience. Information like visitor intention, behavior path, and satisfaction with the overall website can be collected using this.

Depending on what information a company is looking for, multiple forms of website intercept surveys can be used to gather responses. Some of the popular ones are Pop-ups, also called Modal boxes, and on-page surveys.

For example: A prospective customer is looking for a particular product that a company is selling. Once he is directed to the website, an intercept survey will start noting his intent and path. Once the transaction has been made, a pop-up or an on-page survey is provided to the customer to rate the website.

Such research enables the researcher to put this data to good use and hence understand the customers’ intent and path and improve any parts of the website depending on the responses, which in turn would lead to satisfied customers and hence, higher revenues and market share.

LEARN ABOUT: Qualitative Research Questions and Questionnaires

• Business research helps to identify opportunities and threats.
• It helps identify research problems , and using this information, wise decisions can be made to tackle the issue appropriately.
• It helps to understand customers better and hence can be useful to communicate better with the customers or stakeholders.
• Risks and uncertainties can be minimized by conducting business research in advance.
• Financial outcomes and investments that will be needed can be planned effectively using business research.
• Such research can help track competition in the business sector.
• Business research can enable a company to make wise decisions as to where to spend and how much.
• Business research can enable a company to stay up-to-date with the market and its trends, and appropriate innovations can be made to stay ahead in the game.
• Business research helps to measure reputation management
• Business research can be a high-cost affair
• Most of the time, business research is based on assumptions
• Business research can be time-consuming
• Business research can sometimes give you inaccurate information because of a biased population or a small focus group.
• Business research results can quickly become obsolete because of the fast-changing markets

Business research is one of the most effective ways to understand customers, the market, and competitors. Such research helps companies to understand the demand and supply of the market. Using such research will help businesses reduce costs and create solutions or products that are targeted to the demand in the market and the correct audience.

In-house business research can enable senior management to build an effective team or train or mentor when needed. Business research enables the company to track its competitors and hence can give you the upper hand to stay ahead of them.

Failures can be avoided by conducting such research as it can give the researcher an idea if the time is right to launch its product/solution and also if the audience is right. It will help understand the brand value and measure customer satisfaction which is essential to continuously innovate and meet customer demands.

This will help the company grow its revenue and market share. Business research also helps recruit ideal candidates for various roles in the company. By conducting such research, a company can carry out a SWOT analysis , i.e. understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. With the help of this information, wise decisions can be made to ensure business success.

LEARN ABOUT:  Market research industry

Business research is the first step that any business owner needs to set up his business to survive or to excel in the market. The main reason why such research is of utmost importance is that it helps businesses to grow in terms of revenue, market share, and brand value.

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Title: An introduction to Business Research Methods

Authors: Greener, Sue, Dr. ; Martelli, Joe, Dr.

Publisher: Bookboon

ISBN: 978-87-403-0820-4

Language: En

Subject: Value Chains for Development

Keywords: Business , Research Methods, Research Approaches and Strategies

Abstract: Business research topics include: an overview of research problems and questions, strategies for writing literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative research methods and data analysis, business research ethics, selecting population samples, designing questionnaires, conducting interviews and focus groups, participant observation, and forecasting methods in business practice.

Note: 2nd edition

Category: General

Right: © 2015 Dr. Sue Greener & Dr. Joe Martelli & bookboon.com

Document type: E-Book/ E-Book Chapter

File: OkOnzbNWN9_20170129145214548.pdf

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• Material Detail: An introduction to Business Research Methods

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An introduction to Business Research Methods

This revised edition of the textbook not only provides an in-depth introduction to the field of business research for students, it also aims to prepare readers for practical careers as research consultants. Written by Dr. Susan Greener, a Principal Lecturer at the University of Brighton’s Business School, UK and Dr. Joe Martelli, professor at The University of Findlay, Ohio “Introduction to Business Research Methods” explains theoretical...

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This revised edition of the textbook not only provides an in-depth introduction to the field of business research for students, it also aims to prepare readers for practical careers as research consultants. Written by Dr. Susan Greener, a Principal Lecturer at the University of Brighton’s Business School, UK and Dr. Joe Martelli, professor at The University of Findlay, Ohio “Introduction to Business Research Methods” explains theoretical concepts in straightforward language and offers practical strategies for dealing with the challenges of conducting business research.

Business research topics include: an overview of research problems and questions, strategies for writing literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative research methods and data analysis, business research ethics, selecting population samples, designing questionnaires, conducting interviews and focus groups, participant observation, and forecasting methods in business practice.

NOTE:  This is a BookBoon publication and you have to provide your email address to access it.

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An Introduction to Business Research Methods

This revised edition of the textbook not only provides a comprehensive and thorough introduction to the field of business research for students, it also aims to prepare readers for practical careers as research consultants. Written by Dr. Susan Greener, a Principal Lecturer at the University of Brighton’s Business School, UK and Dr. Joe Martelli, professor at The University of Findlay, Ohio “Introduction to Business Research Methods” explains theoretical concepts in straightforward language and offers practical strategies for dealing with the challenges of conducting business research.

Business research topics include: an overview of research problems and questions, strategies for writing literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative research methods and data analysis, business research ethics, selecting population samples, designing questionnaires, conducting interviews and focus groups, participant observation, and forecasting methods in business practice.

About the authors

Dr Sue Greener BA, MBA, EdD, FHEA, Chartered Fellow CIPD

Sue Greener is a Principal Lecturer at Brighton Business School, University of Brighton, UK. She conducts research in the fields of technology enhanced learning, blended learning and reflective learning and is particularly interested in developing teachers’ and trainers’ interest and competencies in these areas. She is editor of the research journal Interactive Learning Environments.

Sue leads university Business and Management programmes, teaches blended and fully online courses in Research Methods and is Subject Examiner for a Business distance learning programme.

Her publications can be found at http://sueg1.wordpress.com/sueg-publications-and-presentations/

Dr. Joe Martelli

Joseph Martelli is an Associate Professor of Business at The University of Findlay, in Findlay, Ohio. Prior to Findlay he was a Research Scientist at the Industrial Technology Institute at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. He has held managerial and professional positions at the corporate and plant level in Fortune 500 companies, including Kellogg's, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, and Timken Steel. He has consulted in other large and smaller organizations throughout the United States. He has presented his research at professional organizations throughout the US and in Europe. Martelli has published numerous articles which have appeared professional business and academic journals. Martelli earned his doctorate in Industrial Technology from the University of Northern Iowa.

http://www.findlay.edu/search/Faculty-Staff?fsid=martelli

• Chapter overview
• Introduction
• The nature of business research
• What kind of business problems might need a research study?
• What are the key issues in research methods we need to understand?
• Questions for self review
• How does literature relate to research?
• What kind of literature should we search for?
• Effective literature searching
• Critical analysis of literature
• Using harvard referencing style
• Different perspectives of knowledge and research which underpin research design
• Identify differing research paradigms for business
• Key differences between qualitative and quantitative research methods and how and why they may be mixed
• Criteria of validity and reliability in the context of business research
• Your choice of research strategy or design
• Classification of research
• The business research process
• The academic business research process
• Understand how ethical issues arise in business research at every stage
• Ethical criteria and approval
• Strategies to ensure ethical issues in business research are addressed appropriately
• Understand how and why sampling relates to business research
• Identify and use a range of probability and non-probability. Sampling techniques
• Selecting the size of your sample
• Understand and assess representativeness of samples and generalisability from samples
• Sampling simulation exercise
• Anticipating how the research design is affected by data collection and analysis tools
• Recognising different levels of data for analysis
• Coding and entering data for computerized statistical analysis
• Choosing appropriate ways to present data through charts, tables and descriptive statistics
• Selecting appropriate statistical tools for the research variables
• Families of statistics
• Measures of correlation – the correlation coefficient
• Regression analysis
• Statistical significance
• Appreciate and overcome the difficulties associated with questionnaire design
• Choosing from a range of question formats
• How to design, pilot and administer questionnaires
• The value of secondary data to business research
• What to look for as secondary data and where to find it
• The disadvantages of using secondary data in business research
• Key issues in qualitative data analysis
• The range of qualitative research methods applicable to research topics
• How qualitative data can be prepared for analysis
• Computer based methods for qualitative data analysis
• Practical considerations relating to participant observation
• Practical issues relating to interviews
• Practical issues relating to focus groups
• Why forecasting is not widely covered in the business research methods literature
• Existing methodologies for forecasting
• Basic forecasting tools
• Regression and discriminant analysis
• Measures commonly used to evaluate forecasts & predictions
• Exploring the value of forecasting methods in business practice
• Your personal approach to writing a research report
• The differences between writing a report for a business audience and for academic purposes
• Producing an oral presentation of key findings
• Chapter 1 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 2 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 3 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 4 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 5 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 6 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 7 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 8 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 9 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 10 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 11 Questions For Self Review
• Chapter 12 Questions For Self Review

Dr. Sue Greener

• Business & Money
• Management & Leadership

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Introduction to Business Research Methods Paperback – October 15, 2015

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• Print length 76 pages
• Language English
• Publication date October 15, 2015
• Dimensions 5.91 x 0.18 x 8.66 inches
• ISBN-10 3659794848
• ISBN-13 978-3659794841
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• Publisher ‏ : ‎ LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing (October 15, 2015)
• Language ‏ : ‎ English
• Paperback ‏ : ‎ 76 pages
• ISBN-10 ‏ : ‎ 3659794848
• ISBN-13 ‏ : ‎ 978-3659794841
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An introduction to Business Research Methods

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Business research topics include: an overview of research problems and questions, strategies for writing literature reviews, qualitative and quantitative research methods and data analysis, business research ethics, selecting population samples, designing questionnaires, conducting interviews and focus groups, participant observation, and forecasting methods in business practice.

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BUSI 205 Introduction to Business Research Methods

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For information regarding prerequisites for this course, please refer to the  Academic Course Catalog .

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*The information contained in our Course Guides is provided as a sample. Specific course curriculum and requirements for each course are provided by individual instructors each semester. Students should not use Course Guides to find and complete assignments, class prerequisites, or order books.

This course seeks to provide students with knowledge of business research activities and critical thinking skills needed to support business decisions based upon research results.

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After reading the Course Syllabus and Student Expectations , the student will complete the related checklist found in the Course Overview.

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Discussions are collaborative learning experiences. Therefore, the student will complete 3 discussions covering required textbook chapter readings.  For each Discussion, the student will post one thread of at least 200 words and then post 1 reply of at least 100 words . Each thread must be supported with at least 2 scholarly, peer reviewed sources and each reply must incorporate at least 1 scholarly, peer reviewed source.

Integration of Faith and Learning Assignment

State and discuss the Bible verses that can be applied to the study of data analysis. Discuss the importance of understanding and applying the truth of the Bible in our decision making on a personal and business levels. This paper must  include a minimum 600 words (not including the title page, abstract, and references) and 3 scholarly, peer-reviewed sources as well as the Bible and the c ourse textbook. (CLO: D; CT: 4)

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The student will identify a current business that is using data visualization to portray an important message to its stakeholder. Applying what he/she has learned about the best practices using data visualization, the student will evaluate what changes to the data visualization being used by the business, he/she would recommend. The student will discuss why he/she would recommend these changes to better support the message to the stakeholder. Include an evaluation of the ethical considerations regarding the use of data visualization tools with the support of the Bible. This paper must  include a minimum 600 words (not including the title page, abstract, and references) and 3 scholarly, peer-reviewed sources as well as the Bible and the course textbook. (CLO: A, B, C, D; CT: 1, 2, 3, 4)

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Each student will complete 6 multiple-choice and objective answer quizzes covering required textbook chapter readings.

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Each student will complete 8 homework assignments covering required textbook chapter readings.

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A Roadmap to Business Research

• First Online: 15 March 2023

Cite this chapter

• Merwe Oberholzer   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-7180-8865 3 &
• Pieter W. Buys   ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-3594 3  

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This chapter seeks to constitute a roadmap or framework to guide business researchers in contextualizing and planning their research efforts. A literature study was conducted to investigate the research concept, the boundary of research, and the research process’ conceptual framework. This chapter summarized research as a systematic investigation to reveal new knowledge. In guiding industry-orientated business research, it is acknowledged that management action may solve some business problems. In contrast, higher levels of organizational issues and critical reflection of business issues may require actual research .

The framework for business research is divided into four parts: the research problem, research design, empirical evidence, and conclusion. The central part of the map is the design section that organizes the philosophic approach (theoretical foundation, research philosophy, and assumptions) on the one side and the applied research methods and techniques on the other side, with the research methodology acting as a bridge between the sides. The framework constitutes a guide when embarking on the journey to solve industry-orientated business research.

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AS illustrated later, it must be noted not every business problem needs to be solved by scientific research.

Note that although conceptually four distinct elements, in actuality these ProDEC elements are highly integrated.

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Oberholzer, M., Buys, P.W. (2023). A Roadmap to Business Research. In: Buys, P.W., Oberholzer, M. (eds) Business Research . Palgrave Macmillan, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9479-1_2

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH article

Adaptation of the internet business self-efficacy scale for peruvian students with a commercial profile provisionally accepted.

• 1 Peruvian Union University, Peru
• 2 Scientific University of the South, Peru

The final, formatted version of the article will be published soon.

Introduction: Given the lack of instruments to evaluate the sense of efficacy regarding entrepreneurial capacity in Peruvian university students, this study aims to translate into Spanish, adapt, and validate the Internet Entrepreneurial Self-efficacy Scale in Peruvian university students with a commercial profile. Method: An instrumental study was conducted where 743 students between 18 and 42 years old participated in careers with a commercial profile (Administration, Accounting, Economics, and other related careers) from the three regions of Peru (Coast, Mountains, Jungle). For analyzing content-based validity, Aiken's V coefficient was used, Cronbach's Alpha coefficient was used for reliability, and internal structure was used through confirmatory factor analysis. Results: A reverse translation was achieved in the appropriate time and context. All items proved to be valid (V > .70), and the reliability of the instrument was very good (α = 0.96). Concerning the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, the three-dimensional structure of the instrument was evaluated, finding an adequate fit (2 (87) = 279.6, p < .001, CFI = .972, RMSEA = .049, SRMR = .025), based on this, the original internal structure was corroborated. In complementary analyses, it was found that the instrument is invariant according to sex and university. Finally, it demonstrates significant correlations with scales that measure similar constructs. Conclusions: The Entrepreneurial Selfefficacy Scale on the Internet shows adequate psychometric properties; therefore, it can be used as a management tool to analyze the entrepreneurial capacity of university students with a commercial profile. These findings allow universities to evaluate the entrepreneurial capabilities of students who can promote sustainable businesses, which in turn improves the relationship between the University, state, and company.

Keywords: entrepreneurial self-efficacy, Validation study, Entrepreneurship, university students, Peru

Received: 26 Jan 2024; Accepted: 13 May 2024.

Copyright: © 2024 Torres-Miranda, Ccama, Niño Valiente, Turpo Chaparro, Castillo-Blanco and Mamani-Benito. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY) . The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

* Correspondence: Mx. Oscar Mamani-Benito, Peruvian Union University, Lima, 05000, Peru

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